scholarly journals Technological Improvement Rates and Evolution of Energy-Based Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subarna Basnet ◽  
Christopher L. Magee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
The Future ◽  
Medical Therapies ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

This paper examines the field of energy-based medical therapies based on the analysis of patents. We define the field as the use of external stimuli to achieve biomedical modifications to treat disease and to increase health. Based upon distinct sets of patents, the field is subdivided into sub-domains for each energy category used to achieve the stimulation: electrical, magnetic, microwave, ultrasound, and optical. Previously developed techniques are used to retrieve the relevant patents for each of the stimulation modes and to determine main paths along the trajectory followed by each sub-domain. The patent sets are analyzed to determine key assignees, number of patents, and dates of emergence of the sub-domains. The sub-domains are found to be largely independent as to patent assignees. Electrical and magnetic stimulation patents emerged earliest in the 1970s and microwave most recently around 1990. The annual rate of improvement of all sub-domains (12–85%) is found to be significantly higher than one we find for an aggregate pharmaceutical domain (5%). Overall, the results suggest an increasingly important role for energy-based therapies in the future of medicine.

SURGICAL AND MEDICAL THERAPIES FOR GERD-CAN WE SEE INTO THE FUTURE?

1998 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1008-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Isolauri ◽  
M Luostarinen ◽  
M Viljakka
Keyword(s):  
The Future ◽  
Medical Therapies

scholarly journals Posthumanism as a Mode of Problematization and Enhancement of Humanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelica A. Veljović
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
New Humanism ◽  
Radical Reform ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Cyber Culture ◽  
The Future

The main objective of the present work is to concisely, descriptively and comparatively present the fundamental concepts, perspectives and postulates of the contemporary posthumanist theories. Besides these observations, the paper also aims to express and maintain a critical scope of all the posthumanist tendencies developed till present day, starting from non-modern and antimodern, and passing to the transhumanism and critical posthumanism. At the beginning of the paper there is an outlook on the origins and development of the posthumanism, dating it back to the deconstruction and poststructuralist philosophy and relating it to the technological improvement of the human society. Due to the paper’s critical approach to the posthumanist phenomena different representations of human and his environment will be taken into account, especially when it comes to categories such as cyborg, virtual reality and cyber-culture. At the end of the paper, all of these diverse and yet complementary posthumanist concepts and perspectives will be displayed through their presence in the framework of literature, which is conceived as one of the primary fields for creating and investigating the future of humanity. Related to this, it will be analyzed the relation between posthumanism and cyber-punk literary genre, and concepts such as ergodic literature, cyber-text and information narrative. As a matter of conclusion, the paper brings out the stances of the representative theoreticians of critical posthumanism, who focus on the establishment of new ethical and aesthetical fundaments of the new humanism, taking also into consideration the radical reform of the academic field of humanities as well.

scholarly journals L’évolution des dépenses et recettes des administrations publiques. La poursuite du scénario actuel est-elle possible?

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-414
Author(s):  
Jean-P. Vézina
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Performance ◽  
The Future

Abstract The importance of the governmental sector increased at a particularly high rate. This has been made possible by higher taxes, especially taxes on personal income. Those taxes increased at an average annual rate of 18% since 1965. One may question on the possibility of increasing again taxes without deteriorating the general performance of the economy. In other words, is it possible to maintain in the future the present scenario, that is to increase the relative importance of the public sector without this being detrimental to the other sectors of the economy? In this article, the author tries to answer these questions.

Cellular Signaling

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Staff ◽  
Nicolas N. Madigan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Ion Pumps ◽  
Ion Gradients ◽  
The Future ◽  
External Stimuli

Cell communication in the nervous system is finely tuned to respond rapidly to external stimuli, to modify itself according to those stimuli, and to produce more effective responses in the future. The physical basis for this cell communication is the manipulation of ion gradients with ion pumps and channels, chemical neurotransmission, and synaptic plasticity, all of which are discussed in this chapter.

Is The Cerebral Cortex Hyperexcitable or Hyperresponsive in Migraine?

Cephalalgia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1427-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Coppola ◽  
F Pierelli ◽  
J Schoenen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Cortical Hyperexcitability ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
External Stimuli

Although migraineurs appear in general to be hypersensitive to external stimuli, they maybe also have increased daytime sleepiness and complain of fatigue. Neurophisiological studies between attacks have shown that for a number of different sensory modalities the migrainous brain is characterised by a lack of habituation of evoked responses. Whether this is due to increased cortical hyperexcitability, possibly due to decreased inhibition, or to an abnormal responsivity of the cortex due a decreased preactivation level remains disputed. Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation in particular have yielded contradictory results. We will review here the available data on cortical excitability obtained with different methodological approaches in patients over the migraine cycle. We will show that these data congruently indicate that the sensory cortices of migraineurs react excessively to repetitive, but not to single, stimuli and that the controversy above hyper- versus hypo-excitability is merely a semantic misunderstanding. Describing the migrainous brain as ‘hyperresponsive’ would fit most of the available data. Deciphering the precise cellular and molecular underpinnings of this hyperresponsivity remains a challenge for future research. We propose, as a working hypothesis, that a thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia might be the culprit.

scholarly journals Understanding myocardial infarction

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Saleh ◽  
John A Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Early Discharge ◽  
The Future ◽  
Medical Therapies ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Radical Shift

Over the last 40 years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction has evolved and allowed new treatment strategies that have greatly improved survival. Over the years, there has been a radical shift in therapy from passive healing of the infarction through weeks of bed rest to early discharge usually within 2 to 3 days as a result of immediate reperfusion strategies and other guideline-directed medical therapies. Nevertheless, challenges remain. Patients who develop cardiogenic shock still face a high 30-day mortality of at least 40%. Perhaps even more important is how do we identify and prevent patients from developing myocardial infarction in the first place? This article discusses these milestones of therapy and considers important issues for progress in the future.

Chapter I. The Home Economy

1977 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 6-20
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Incomes Policy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Formal Policy ◽  
Wage Inflation

Since our last forecast, in May, the uncertainty which we then stressed about the future of incomes policy has been resolved, though uncertainty about the actual future course of wage inflation itself has, with the abandoning of any attempt at a formal policy, if anything increased. In the May Review we attempted to deal with this uncertainty by exploring the broad implications of ‘low’ and ‘high’ earnings assumptions for the period from mid-1977 onwards, in addition to presenting a more fully worked-out forecast based on the assumption of a 15 per cent annual rate of increase. Although the uncertainty has in no way lessened—at any rate at the upper bound—we do not think it worthwhile to rehearse on this occasion the consequences of an unfettered pay explosion from now on. But although we present below a single forecast based on our assessment of the most likely outcome, this should not be taken to mean that we are now any more confident about the likely future pace of wage inflation. Our assumption is discussed in detail in the next section.

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