scholarly journals Dynamics of Insect–Microbiome Interaction Influence Host and Microbial Symbiont

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayushi Gupta ◽  
Suresh Nair
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Symbiont

scholarly journals Isolation of Two Polyketide Synthase Gene Fragments from the Uncultured Microbial Symbiont of the Marine Bryozoan Bugula neritina

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7941-7944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole B. Lopanik ◽  
Nancy M. Targett ◽  
Niels Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Bugula Neritina ◽  
Microbial Symbiont ◽  
Polyketide Synthase Gene ◽  
Marine Bryozoan ◽  
Endobugula Sertula

ABSTRACT “Candidatus Endobugula sertula,” the uncultured microbial symbiont of the bryozoan Bugula neritina, produces ecologically and biomedically important polyketide metabolites called bryostatins. We isolated two gene fragments from B. neritina larvae that have high levels of similarity to polyketide synthase genes. These gene fragments are clearly associated with the symbiont and not with the host.

scholarly journals Belowground microbial symbiont enhances plant susceptibility to a spider mite through change in soybean leaf quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noboru Katayama ◽  
Takaaki Nishida ◽  
Zhi Qi Zhang ◽  
Takayuki Ohgushi
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Microbial Symbiont ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

scholarly journals Control of Endophytic Frankia Sporulation by Alnus Nodule Metabolites

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hay Anne-Emmanuelle ◽  
Boubakri Hasna ◽  
Buonomo Antoine ◽  
Rey Marjolaine ◽  
Meiffren Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Glutinosa ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Gentisic Acid ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Microbial Symbiont ◽  
Metabolomic Study

A unique case of microbial symbiont capable of dormancy within its living host cells has been reported in actinorhizal symbioses. Some Frankia strains, named Sp+, are able to sporulate inside plant cells, contrarily to Sp− strains. The presence of metabolically slowed-down bacterial structures in host cells alters our understanding of symbiosis based on reciprocal benefits between both partners, and its impact on the symbiotic processes remains unknown. The present work reports a metabolomic study of Sp+ and Sp− nodules (from Alnus glutinosa), in order to highlight variabilities associated with in-planta sporulation. A total of 21 amino acids, 44 sugars and organic acids, and 213 secondary metabolites were detected using UV and mass spectrometric–based profiling. Little change was observed in primary metabolites, suggesting that in-planta sporulation would not strongly affect the primary functionalities of the symbiosis. One secondary metabolite (M27) was detected only in Sp+ nodules. It was identified as gentisic acid 5-O-β-d-xylopyranoside, previously reported as involved in plant defenses against microbial pathogens. This metabolite significantly increased Frankia in-vitro sporulation, unlike another metabolite significantly more abundant in Sp− nodules [M168 = (5R)-1,7-bis-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-heptane-5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside]. All these results suggest that the plant could play an important role in the Frankia ability to sporulate in planta and allow us to discuss a possible sanction emitted by the host against less cooperative Sp+ symbionts.

scholarly journals The multidimensional nutritional niche of fungus-cultivar provisioning in free-ranging colonies of a neotropical leafcutter ant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin J.J. Crumière ◽  
Aidan James ◽  
Pol Lannes ◽  
Sophie Mallett ◽  
Anders Michelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Leafcutter Ants ◽  
Microbial Symbiont ◽  
Foraging Niche ◽  
Generalist Insect ◽  
Atta Colombica ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractThe foraging trails of Atta leafcutter colonies are among the most iconic scenes in Neotropical ecosystems, with thousands of ants carrying freshly cut plant fragments back to their nests where they are used to provision a fungal food crop. We tested a hypothesis that the fungal cultivar’s multidimensional requirements for macronutrients (protein and carbohydrates) and minerals (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and Zn) govern the foraging breadth of Atta colombica leafcutter ants in a Panamanian rainforest. Analyses of freshly cut plant fragments carried by leafcutter foragers showed that the combination of fruits, flowers, and leaves provide for a broad realized nutritional niche that can maximize cultivar’s performance. And, while the leaves that comprised the most harvested resource also delivered an intake target containing protein in excess of the amounts that can maximize cultivar growth, in vitro experiments showed that the minerals P, Al, and Fe can enhance the cultivar’s tolerance to protein-biased substrates, and potentially expand the ants’ foraging niche. Yet, the cultivar also exhibits narrow margins between mineral limitation and toxicity that may render plant fragments with seemingly optimal blends of macronutrients unsuitable for provisioning. Our approach highlights that optimal foraging is inherently multidimensional and links the foraging behavior of a generalist insect herbivore to the fundamental nutritional niche of its microbial symbiont.Significance StatementColonies of Atta colombica leafcutter ants can contain millions of specialized workers exhibiting large-scale generalist herbivory. Yet, this generalist foraging niche also depends on the poorly understood physiological needs of the ants’ domesticated fungal cultivar. We show the cultivar’s fundamental nutritional niche is broad for carbohydrates but narrower for protein and a suite of minerals, but that the cultivar’s sensitivity to excess protein is also mediated by Al, Fe, and P. More generally, this study decouples the multidimensional foraging strategies that enable a generalist herbivore to navigate a complex nutritional landscape and mix many imbalanced foods to achieve balanced cultivar provisioning.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Variation in Microbial Symbiont Communities of the Sun Sponge, Hymeniacidon heliophila, from Intertidal and Subtidal Habitats

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke L. Weigel ◽  
Patrick M. Erwin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Microbial Symbiont

ABSTRACTSponges host diverse and complex communities of microbial symbionts that display a high degree of host specificity. The microbiomes of conspecific sponges are relatively constant, even across distant locations, yet few studies have directly examined the influence of abiotic factors on intraspecific variation in sponge microbial community structure. The contrast between intertidal and subtidal environments is an ideal system to assess the effect of environmental variation on sponge-microbe symbioses, producing two drastically different environments on a small spatial scale. Here, we characterized the microbial communities of individual intertidal and subtidalHymeniacidonheliophilasponges, ambient seawater, and sediment from a North Carolina oyster reef habitat by partial (Illumina sequencing) and nearly full-length (clone libraries) 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Clone library sequences were compared toH. heliophilasymbiont communities from the Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, revealing strong host specificity of dominant symbiont taxa across expansive geographic distances. Sediment and seawater samples yielded clearly distinct microbial communities from those found inH. heliophila. Despite the close proximity of the sponges sampled, significant differences between subtidal and intertidal sponges in the diversity, structure, and composition of their microbial communities were detected. Differences were driven by changes in the relative abundance of a few dominant microbial symbiont taxa, as well as the presence or absence of numerous rare microbial taxa. These findings suggest that extreme abiotic fluctuations, such as periodic air exposure in intertidal habitats, can drive intraspecific differences in complex host-microbe symbioses.

RESEARCH OF AMYLOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF CULTURAL LIQUIDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY OF SYMBIOTIC CROPS МЕDUSOMYCES GISEVII AND ORYZAMYCES INDICI

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
N. Masalitina ◽  
O. Bliznjuk ◽  
A. Belinska ◽  
O. Varankina ◽  
L. Krichkovska
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Amylolytic Activity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Microbial Symbiont ◽  
Tea Fungus ◽  
Growing Conditions

Based on the literature review found that the natural symbionts Medusomyces gisevii and Oryzamyces indici biotechnology are a valuable objects. It is urgent to find ways to impact on it in order to obtain these or other products of its life activity. At present, it is urgent to search for microorganisms producing enzymes, including amylase. One of the most promising in terms of biological objects is a natural microbial symbiont Medusomyces Gisevii (tea fungus) and Oryzamyces Indici, which, thanks to the not identical, microbiological composition and different growing conditions may have a different composition of metabolites. Studies of the amylolytic activity of the culture liquid Medusomyces Gisevii and Oryzamyces indici with different cultivation periods have been carried out. Cultivation of the fungus was carried out in the laboratory according to the classic method. The optimal concentration of sucrose for Medusomyces Gisevii and Oryzamyces Indici biomass growth was set at 5%. Sucrose concentration of 15% and above is not recommended for use due to inhibition of biomass growth with increasing concentration of carbohydrates in the culture medium. It is established that these symbionts start to show the amylolytic activity already on the 10th day of cultivation cultivation in standard nutrient medium, medium supplemented with 10 % milk and serum-based medium and stores it in the course of the experiment (30 days). Over time the amylolytic activity increases. However, the intensity of metabolism of the microorganisms, the criterion of which is the ratio of the total and exogenous amylase is most pronounced in the early stages of cultivation. It was found that the culture medium of polycultures shows high amylolytic activity. This fact allows us to consider the Medusomyces Gisevii and Oryzamyces Indici inoculum as a promising biotechnological raw material source of amylase enzyme.  

scholarly journals Host–symbiont specificity determined by microbe–microbe competition in an insect gut

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (45) ◽  
pp. 22673-22682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideomi Itoh ◽  
Seonghan Jang ◽  
Kazutaka Takeshita ◽  
Tsubasa Ohbayashi ◽  
Naomi Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Microbial Symbiont ◽  
Bean Bug ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Insect Gut

Despite the omnipresence of specific host–symbiont associations with acquisition of the microbial symbiont from the environment, little is known about how the specificity of the interaction evolved and is maintained. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris acquires a specific bacterial symbiont of the genus Burkholderia from environmental soil and harbors it in midgut crypts. The genus Burkholderia consists of over 100 species, showing ecologically diverse lifestyles, and including serious human pathogens, plant pathogens, and nodule-forming plant mutualists, as well as insect mutualists. Through infection tests of 34 Burkholderia species and 18 taxonomically diverse bacterial species, we demonstrate here that nonsymbiotic Burkholderia and even its outgroup Pandoraea could stably colonize the gut symbiotic organ and provide beneficial effects to the bean bug when inoculated on aposymbiotic hosts. However, coinoculation revealed that the native symbiont always outcompeted the nonnative bacteria inside the gut symbiotic organ, explaining the predominance of the native Burkholderia symbiont in natural bean bug populations. Hence, the abilities for colonization and cooperation, usually thought of as specific traits of mutualists, are not unique to the native Burkholderia symbiont but, to the contrary, competitiveness inside the gut is a derived trait of the native symbiont lineage only and was thus critical in the evolution of the insect gut symbiont.

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