scholarly journals The Need to Work Arm in Arm: Calling for Collaboration in Delivering Neuroprosthetic Limb Replacements

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Karczewski ◽  
Aaron M. Dingle ◽  
Samuel O. Poore
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Neural Interfaces ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Considerable Success

Over the last few decades there has been a push to enhance the use of advanced prosthetics within the fields of biomedical engineering, neuroscience, and surgery. Through the development of peripheral neural interfaces and invasive electrodes, an individual's own nervous system can be used to control a prosthesis. With novel improvements in neural recording and signal decoding, this intimate communication has paved the way for bidirectional and intuitive control of prostheses. While various collaborations between engineers and surgeons have led to considerable success with motor control and pain management, it has been significantly more challenging to restore sensation. Many of the existing peripheral neural interfaces have demonstrated success in one of these modalities; however, none are currently able to fully restore limb function. Though this is in part due to the complexity of the human somatosensory system and stability of bioelectronics, the fragmentary and as-yet uncoordinated nature of the neuroprosthetic industry further complicates this advancement. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current field of neuroprosthetics and explore potential strategies to address its unique challenges. These include exploration of electrodes, surgical techniques, control methods, and prosthetic technology. Additionally, we propose a new approach to optimizing prosthetic limb function and facilitating clinical application by capitalizing on available resources. It is incumbent upon academia and industry to encourage collaboration and utilization of different peripheral neural interfaces in combination with each other to create versatile limbs that not only improve function but quality of life. Despite the rapidly evolving technology, if the field continues to work in divided “silos,” we will delay achieving the critical, valuable outcome: creating a prosthetic limb that is right for the patient and positively affects their life.

Practices to Reduce Surgical Site Infections Among Women Undergoing Cesarean Section: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeccah A. McKibben ◽  
Samantha I. Pitts ◽  
Catalina Suarez-Cuervo ◽  
Trish M. Perl ◽  
Eric B. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotics ◽  
Meta Analyses

OBJECTIVESurgical site infections (SSIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women undergoing cesarean section (C-section), a common procedure in North America. While risk factors for SSI are often modifiable, wide variation in clinical practice exists. With this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the results and quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on interventions to reduce surgical site infections among women undergoing C-section.METHODSWe searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between January 2000 and May 2014 on interventions to reduce the occurrence of SSIs (incisional infections and endometritis), among women undergoing C-section. We extracted data on the interventions, outcomes, and strength of evidence as determined by the original article authors, and assessed the quality of each article based on a modified Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool.RESULTSA total of 30 review articles met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Among these articles, 77 distinct interventions were evaluated: 29% were supported with strong evidence as assessed by the original article authors, and 83% of the reviews articles were classified as good quality based on our assessment. Ten interventions were classified as being effective in reducing SSI with strong evidence in a good-quality article, including preoperative vaginal cleansing, the use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, and several surgical techniques.CONCLUSIONEfforts to reduce SSI rates among women undergoing C-section should include interventions such as preoperative vaginal cleansing and the use of perioperative antibiotics because compelling evidence exists to support their effectiveness.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(8):915–921

Chitosan in Biomedical Engineering: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Mohebbi ◽  
Mojtaba Nasiri Nezhad ◽  
Payam Zarrintaj ◽  
Seyed Hassan Jafari ◽  
Saman Seyed Gholizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Unique Chemical

Biomedical engineering seeks to enhance the quality of life by developing advanced materials and technologies. Chitosan-based biomaterials have attracted significant attention because of having unique chemical structures with desired biocompatibility and biodegradability, which play different roles in membranes, sponges and scaffolds, along with promising biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Therefore, chitosan derivatives have been widely used in a vast variety of uses, chiefly pharmaceuticals and biomedical engineering. It is attempted here to draw a comprehensive overview of chitosan emerging applications in medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer therapy, ophthalmology, dentistry, bio-imaging, bio-sensing and diagnosis. The use of Stem Cells (SCs) has given an interesting feature to the use of chitosan so that regenerative medicine and therapeutic methods have benefited from chitosan-based platforms. Plenty of the most recent discussions with stimulating ideas in this field are covered that could hopefully serve as hints for more developed works in biomedical engineering.

Introduction to Games User Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Drachen ◽  
Pejman Mirza-Babaei ◽  
Lennart E. Nacke
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
User Research ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Present Book ◽  
Optimal Quality ◽  
Experienced User

This chapter provides an introduction to the field of Games User Research (GUR) and to the present book. GUR is an interdisciplinary field of practice and research concerned with ensuring the optimal quality of usability and user experience in digital games. GUR inevitably involves any aspect of a video game that players interface with, directly or indirectly. This book aims to provide the foundational, accessible, go-to resource for people interested in GUR. It is a community-driven effort—it is written by passionate professionals and researchers in the GUR community as a handbook and guide for everyone interested in user research and games. We aim to provide the most comprehensive overview from an applied perspective, for a person new to GUR, but which is also useful for experienced user researchers.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Overview of Sleep Disorders in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Oana-Mihaela Plotogea ◽  
Madalina Ilie ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Alexandru Laurentiu Chiotoroiu ◽  
Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reliable Methods

The impact of sleep disorders (SDs) on patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) is tremendous. SDs are frequently encountered among these patients and interfere with their quality of life. This review aims to present the data available so far about the prevalence, phenotypes, and proposed pathophysiological mechanisms of SDs in CLD. Moreover, we proposed to search the literature regarding the most reliable methods to assess SDs and the possible therapeutic options in patients with CLD. The main results of this review show that when it comes to prevalence, the percentages reported vary widely between studies performed among populations from the USA or Europe and those coming from Asian countries. Furthermore, it has been proven that SDs may also be present in the absence of neurocognitive disorders attributable to hepatic encephalopathy (HE), which contradicts traditional suppositions where SDs were considered part of the clinical scenario of HE. Currently, there are no specific recommendations or protocols to assess SDs in CLD patients and data about the therapeutic management are limited. Taking into consideration their impact, a protocol for diagnosing and managing SDs should be developed and included in the daily practice of hepatologists.

Guideline for the management of long tunnelled external ventricular drains in chronic hydrocephalus

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Phillip Correia Copley ◽  
John Emelifeonwu ◽  
Pasquale Gallo ◽  
Drahoslav Sokol ◽  
Jothy Kandasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytoma ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Chronic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Viable Treatment

This article reports on the journey of a child with an inoperable hypothalamic-origin pilocytic astrocytoma causing hydrocephalus, which was refractory to treatment with shunts, and required a new approach. With multidisciplinary support, excellent nursing care and parental education, the child's hydrocephalus was managed long term in the community with bilateral long-tunnelled external ventricular drains (LTEVDs). This article describes the patient's journey and highlights the treatment protocols that were created to achieve this feat. Despite the difficulties in initially setting up these protocols, they proved successful and thus the team managing the patient proposed that LTEVDs are a viable treatment option for children with hydrocephalus in the context of inoperable tumours to help maximise quality of life.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Inner Product Space: Literature Review and a New Approach

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Lorena Popa ◽  
Lavinia Sida
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Product Space ◽  
Inner Product Space ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Product Spaces ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Inner Product Spaces ◽  
Product Function ◽  
Suitable Definition

The aim of this paper is to provide a suitable definition for the concept of fuzzy inner product space. In order to achieve this, we firstly focused on various approaches from the already-existent literature. Due to the emergence of various studies on fuzzy inner product spaces, it is necessary to make a comprehensive overview of the published papers on the aforementioned subject in order to facilitate subsequent research. Then we considered another approach to the notion of fuzzy inner product starting from P. Majundar and S.K. Samanta’s definition. In fact, we changed their definition and we proved some new properties of the fuzzy inner product function. We also proved that this fuzzy inner product generates a fuzzy norm of the type Nădăban-Dzitac. Finally, some challenges are given.

Analyzing of UVLC system considering the effect of water depth

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa B. Al-Deen ◽  
Mazin Ali A. Ali ◽  
Zeyad A. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Water ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Depth Water

Abstract This paper presents a new approach to discover the effect of depth water for underwater visible light communications (UVLC). The quality of the optical link was investigated with varying water depth under coastal water types. The performance of the UVLC with multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) techniques was examined in terms of bit error rate (BER) and data rate. The theoretical result explains that there is a good performance for UVLC system under coastal water.

A new approach based on graph matching and evolutionary approach for sport scheduling problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Meriem Khelifa ◽  
Dalila Boughaci ◽  
Esma Aïmeur
Keyword(s):  
Graph Matching ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Traveling Tournament Problem ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
National League ◽  
Better Than

The Traveling Tournament Problem (TTP) is concerned with finding a double round-robin tournament schedule that minimizes the total distances traveled by the teams. It has attracted significant interest recently since a favorable TTP schedule can result in significant savings for the league. This paper proposes an original evolutionary algorithm for TTP. We first propose a quick and effective constructive algorithm to construct a Double Round Robin Tournament (DRRT) schedule with low travel cost. We then describe an enhanced genetic algorithm with a new crossover operator to improve the travel cost of the generated schedules. A new heuristic for ordering efficiently the scheduled rounds is also proposed. The latter leads to significant enhancement in the quality of the schedules. The overall method is evaluated on publicly available standard benchmarks and compared with other techniques for TTP and UTTP (Unconstrained Traveling Tournament Problem). The computational experiment shows that the proposed approach could build very good solutions comparable to other state-of-the-art approaches or better than the current best solutions on UTTP. Further, our method provides new valuable solutions to some unsolved UTTP instances and outperforms prior methods for all US National League (NL) instances.

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