scholarly journals CI Therapy is Beneficial to Patients with Chronic Low-Functioning Hemiparesis after Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Sterr ◽  
Darragh O’Neill ◽  
Philip J. A. Dean ◽  
Katherine A. Herron
Keyword(s):  
Ci Therapy ◽  
Low Functioning

Influence of Primary Auditory Cortex in the Characterization of Autism Spectrum in Young Adults using Brain Connectivity Parameters and Deep Belief Networks: An fMRI Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1059-1073
Author(s):  
Vidhusha Srinivasan ◽  
N. Udayakumar ◽  
Kavitha Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Belief Networks ◽  
Deep Belief Networks ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Low Functioning

Background: The spectrum of autism encompasses High Functioning Autism (HFA) and Low Functioning Autism (LFA). Brain mapping studies have revealed that autism individuals have overlaps in brain behavioural characteristics. Generally, high functioning individuals are known to exhibit higher intelligence and better language processing abilities. However, specific mechanisms associated with their functional capabilities are still under research. Objective: This work addresses the overlapping phenomenon present in autism spectrum through functional connectivity patterns along with brain connectivity parameters and distinguishes the classes using deep belief networks. Methods: The task-based functional Magnetic Resonance Images (fMRI) of both high and low functioning autistic groups were acquired from ABIDE database, for 58 low functioning against 43 high functioning individuals while they were involved in a defined language processing task. The language processing regions of the brain, along with Default Mode Network (DMN) have been considered for the analysis. The functional connectivity maps have been plotted through graph theory procedures. Brain connectivity parameters such as Granger Causality (GC) and Phase Slope Index (PSI) have been calculated for the individual groups. These parameters have been fed to Deep Belief Networks (DBN) to classify the subjects under consideration as either LFA or HFA. Results: Results showed increased functional connectivity in high functioning subjects. It was found that the additional interaction of the Primary Auditory Cortex lying in the temporal lobe, with other regions of interest complimented their enhanced connectivity. Results were validated using DBN measuring the classification accuracy of 85.85% for high functioning and 81.71% for the low functioning group. Conclusion: Since it is known that autism involves enhanced, but imbalanced components of intelligence, the reason behind the supremacy of high functioning group in language processing and region responsible for enhanced connectivity has been recognized. Therefore, this work that suggests the effect of Primary Auditory Cortex in characterizing the dominance of language processing in high functioning young adults seems to be highly significant in discriminating different groups in autism spectrum.

Extrapolated Stanford-Binet IQs for Severely and Profoundly Retarded Adults

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Low Functioning

The 1972 table of norms for the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale does not include scores for adults who achieve Mental Ages (MA) below 5–3. To standardize assignment of IQ for severely and profoundly retarded adults scoring in this range, a regression analysis of the 1972 tabled values at the Chronological Age (CA) 18–0 level was performed. From the resulting regression equation, a table containing extrapolated IQs for MAs 2–0 through 5–11 was produced which can be used to standardize estimates of IQ for low-functioning adults.

Hearing Test for a Profoundly Retarded Human Subject

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Aversive Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Cue ◽  
Hearing Test ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Low Functioning

A profoundly retarded 28-yr.-old female was trained to avoid an aversive but harmless shock to the foot by withdrawing the foot upon presentation of a visual cue. She was later unable to learn to avoid the shock consistently upon presentation of an auditory cue, confirming the ward staff's contention that she had a hearing disability. The audiometric technique using negative reinforcement bridges the problems of (1) difficulty in finding positive reinforcers for patients of low functioning and (2) satiation which may result from the continued use of positive reinforcers. The use of aversive stimuli raises ethical concerns. The growing trend in research is that aversive stimuli are permissible for individuals for whom positive techniques have not been effective and when used by trained professionals under careful review.

Combining Specialties to Serve Low Functioning Visually/Physically Impaired Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 439-440
Author(s):  
Donna Cech ◽  
Ardis Pitello
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Low Functioning ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impaired Children

An exploration of the impact of combining a vision specialist's abilities with those of a physical therapist when working with low functioning, preschool, visually and physically impaired children. Individually prescribed programs are cited to demonstrate the utility of a multidisciplinary approach. The authors view this article as an exploratory starting point for educators for further program development serving low incidence students.

scholarly journals Predicting Improved Daily Use of the More Affected Arm Poststroke Following Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1667-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H Rafiei ◽  
Kristina M Kelly ◽  
Alexandra L Borstad ◽  
Hojjat Adeli ◽  
Lynne V Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Probabilistic Neural Network ◽  
Movement Therapy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽  
Ci Therapy

Abstract Background Constraint-induced movement therapy (CI therapy) produces, on average, large and clinically meaningful improvements in the daily use of a more affected upper extremity in individuals with hemiparesis. However, individual responses vary widely. Objective The study objective was to investigate the extent to which individual characteristics before treatment predict improved use of the more affected arm following CI therapy. Design This study was a retrospective analysis of 47 people who had chronic (> 6 months) mild to moderate upper extremity hemiparesis and were consecutively enrolled in 2 CI therapy randomized controlled trials. Methods An enhanced probabilistic neural network model predicted whether individuals showed a low, medium, or high response to CI therapy, as measured with the Motor Activity Log, on the basis of the following baseline assessments: Wolf Motor Function Test, Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test of touch threshold, Motor Activity Log, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Then, a neural dynamic classification algorithm was applied to improve prognostic accuracy using the most accurate combination obtained in the previous step. Results Motor ability and tactile sense predicted improvement in arm use for daily activities following intensive upper extremity rehabilitation with an accuracy of nearly 100%. Complex patterns of interaction among these predictors were observed. Limitations The fact that this study was a retrospective analysis with a moderate sample size was a limitation. Conclusions Advanced machine learning/classification algorithms produce more accurate personalized predictions of rehabilitation outcomes than commonly used general linear models.

scholarly journals A young adult with nonverbal low-functioning Autism: A case review of readiness for independent living

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-177
Author(s):  
Zuxin Josie Oh ◽  
Guo Hui Xie
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Daily Living Skills ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Percentile Rank ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Low Functioning ◽  
Living Skills

This is a case review of a male adult, GO, with nonverbal low functioning autism in his twenties. Previous psycho-educational assessment indicated that GO had a nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) of 73 within the borderline range, an adaptive behavior composite score at the extremely low percentile rank, and poor executive functioning (EF) capability with majority of the EF components falling in the performance range from borderline problem to problematic range. His family has expressed their concern if GO would be able to take care of himself when they are too old or no longer around to care for him. This short paper is an attempt to review all the previous assessment results and to find out if GO could be helped to improve in his daily living skills in order to lead a more independent life in the future.

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