scholarly journals Fine Particulate Matter Related to Multiple Sclerosis Relapse in Young Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Januel ◽  
Boris Dessimond ◽  
Augustin Colette ◽  
Isabella Annesi-Maesano ◽  
Bruno Stankoff
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Particulate matter (PM) of aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse. However, the impact of smaller PM with a greater ability to penetrate human organism has never been assessed. We evaluated the impact of PM smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on the risk of MS relapse.Material and Methods: In a case-crossover study, we included 2,109 consecutive hospitalizations likely due to MS relapse in day hospital in 5 MS centers in the Paris area from January 2009 to December 2013. For each hospitalization, the natural logarithm of the average weekly PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) at the patient's residence address during each of the 6 weeks (week[0] to week[−5]) preceding admission was compared with the concentration during the previous week, using a conditional logistic regression adjusted on temperature, flu-like syndrome rate, pollen count, and holiday period.Results: PM2.5 average concentration during week[−3] was significantly associated with the risk of hospitalization for MS relapse [OR = 1.21 (CI 1.01;1.46)]. The association was stronger in patients younger than 30 years [OR=1.77 (CI 1.10; 2.83)].Conclusion: Our study demonstrates an association between exposure to PM2.5 and MS relapse, particularly in young people.

Abstract TP211: Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and the Risk of Stroke in the REGARDS Cohort

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A McClure ◽  
Matthew S Loop ◽  
William L Crosson ◽  
Dawn O Kleindorfer ◽  
Brett M Kissela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Recent work has suggested that there is some association between acute exposures to fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) and ischemic stroke; however, the evidence is conflicting. Thus, we assessed whether PM2.5 was associated with ischemic stroke in participants in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Methods: We used a time-stratified case-crossover design to determine if exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. We fit conditional logistic regression models to determine the odds ratio of ischemic stroke for those exposed to moderate (PM2.5 15-40 μg/m3) relative to good (PM2.5 ≤ 15 μg/m3) levels of PM2.5. We adjusted for temperature at the time of exposure, and assessed whether the association differed by region of residence (stroke belt vs. non-belt regions). Results: Among 442 participants who experienced an incident ischemic stroke in REGARDS, we found that there was no association with PM2.5 exposure (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69-1.15), and that there was no impact of region of residence on these results (p for interaction=0.14). Conclusions: We did not confirm earlier research indicating that there is an acute association between PM2.5 and ischemic stroke. More research is needed to understand these conflicting results, and to assess the impact of longer term exposures of PM2.5 on stroke incidence.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on PM2.5 Pollution in Fastest-growing Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Showmitra Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Absolute Decrease

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the research was to investigate and identify the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh by using ground-based observation data. Methods: The research assessed air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic for PM2.5 from 1 January 2017 to 1 August 2020. The research considered pollution in pre-COVID-19 (1 January-23 March), during COVID-19 (24 March-30 May), and post-COVID-19 (31 May-1 August) lockdown periods with current (2020) and historical (2017-2019) data. Results: PM2.5 pollution followed a similar yearly trend in year 2017-2020. The average concentration for PM2.5 was found 87.47 μg/m3 in the study period. Significant PM2.5 declines were observed in the current COVID-19 lockdown period compared to historical data: 11.31% reduction with an absolute decrease of 7.15 μg/m3. Conclusion: The findings of the research provide an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic affects air pollution. The results will provide initial evidence regarding human behavioral changes and emission controls. This research will also suggest avenues for further study to link the findings with health outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4822
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Shin ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
In Sook Kang ◽  
Eunhee Ha ◽  
Wook Bum Pyun
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aim: Previous studies have suggested that the short-term ambient air pollution and temperature are associated with myocardial infarction. In this study, we aimed to conduct a time-series analysis to assess the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and temperature on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among adults over 20 years of age in Korea by using the data from the Korean National Health Information Database (KNHID). Methods: The daily data of 192,567 AMI cases in Seoul were collected from the nationwide, population-based KNHID from 2005 to 2014. The monitoring data of ambient PM2.5 from the Seoul Research Institute of Public Health and Environment were also collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) that allowed for a quasi-Poisson distribution was used to analyze the effects of PM2.5 and temperature on the incidence of AMI. Results: The models with PM2.5 lag structures of lag 0 and 2-day averages of lag 0 and 1 (lag 01) showed significant associations with AMI (Relative risk [RR]: 1.011, CI: 1.003–1.020 for lag 0, RR: 1.010, CI: 1.000–1.020 for lag 01) after adjusting the covariates. Stratification analysis conducted in the cold season (October–April) and the warm season (May–September) showed a significant lag 0 effect for AMI cases in the cold season only. Conclusions: In conclusion, acute exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with AMI morbidity at lag 0 in Seoul, Korea. This increased risk was also observed at low temperatures.

The Impact of The Pico Y Placa Policy On Fine Particulate Matter In Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yovitza Romero ◽  
Priyanka deSouza ◽  
Fabio Duarte ◽  
Patrick Kinney ◽  
Carlo Ratti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Vehicular Emissions ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Particulate Matter Concentration ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Matter Concentration

Abstract Lima has been ranked among the top most polluted cities in the Americas. Vehicular emissions are the dominant source of pollution in the city. In order to reduce congestion and pollution levels during the XVIII Pan- and Parapan-American Games, Lima government officials enacted the pico y placa policy to restrict the number of vehicles on certain heavily trafficked roads in the city at rush hours between Monday to Thursday based on the last digit of their license plates. This policy was retained after the Games. In this paper we evaluate the impact of this policy on fine particulate matter concentration levels (PM2.5) at a background site in the city using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that the policy resulted in increases on PM2.5 levels on Monday-Thursday compared to Friday-Sunday levels after the policy was enacted, compared to previous years. However, such an increase was not significant. These results suggest the need for additional policies to reduce pollution due to traffic in Lima. It also suggests the need to track the response to this policy over time to evaluate its efficacy.

The impact of polar fraction of the fine particulate matter on redox responses in different rat tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 32476-32487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim de Paula Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Cristina Kalb ◽  
Sabrina de Bastos Maya ◽  
Adriana Gioda ◽  
Pablo Elias Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of air masses backward trajectories in order to identify distant sources of fine particulate matter emission / Analiza przestrzenna wstecznych trajektorii mas powietrza w celu rozpoznania odległych źródeł emisji pyłu drobnego

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Godłowska ◽  
Monika J. Hajto ◽  
A. Monika Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Backward Trajectories ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Aggregate Information ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper presents a method of identifying distant emission sources of fine particulate matter PM2.5 affecting significantly PM2.5 concentrations at a given location. The method involves spatial analysis of aggregate information about PM2.5 concentrations measured at the location and air masses backward trajectories calculated by HYSPLIT model. The method was examined for three locations of PM2.5 measurement stations (Diabla Góra, Gdańsk, and Katowice) which represented different environmental conditions. The backward trajectories were calculated starting from different heights (30, 50, 100 and 150 m a. g. l.). All points of a single backward trajectory were assigned to the PM2.5 concentration corresponding to the date and the site of the beginning of trajectory calculation. Daily average concentrations of PM2.5 were used, and in the case of Gdańsk also hourly ones. It enabled to assess the effectiveness of the presented method using daily averages if hourly ones were not available. Locations of distant sources of fine particulate matter emission were determined by assigning to each grid node a mean value of PM2.5 concentrations associated with the trajectories points located within the so-called search ellipse. Nearby sources of fine particulate matter emission were eliminated by filtering the trajectories points located close to each other (so-called duplicates). The analyses covered the period of January-March 2010. The results indicated the different origin of air masses in the northern and southern Poland. In Diabla Góra and Gdańsk the distant sources of fine particulate matter emission are identified in Belarus and Russia. In Katowice the impact of the Belarusian PM2.5 emission sources was also noted but as the most important fine particulate matter emission sources were considered those located in the area of Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Ukraine.

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