scholarly journals Mini Review: Impedance Measurement in Neuroscience and Its Prospective Application in the Field of Surgical Neurooncology

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammam Abboud ◽  
Dorothee Mielke ◽  
Veit Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Prospective Application ◽  
No Gold Standard ◽  
Made In

Impedance measurement of human tissue can be performed either in vivo or ex vivo. The majority of the in-vivo approaches are non-invasive, and few are invasive. To date, there is no gold standard for impedance measurement of intracranial tissue. In addition, most of the techniques addressing this topic are still experimental and have not found their way into clinical practice. This review covers available impedance measurement approaches in the neuroscience in general and specifically addresses recent advances made in the application of impedance measurement in the field of surgical neurooncology. It will provide an understandable picture on impedance measurement and give an overview of limitations that currently hinders clinical application and require future technical and conceptual solutions.

scholarly journals Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice—Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Alain Menzel ◽  
Hanen Samouda ◽  
Francois Dohet ◽  
Suva Loap ◽  
Mohammed S. Ellulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS—being ubiquitous—and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also –omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.

Neonatal and infant pain assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-390
Author(s):  
Mariana Bueno ◽  
Mats Eriksson ◽  
Bonnie J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Infant Pain ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
No Gold Standard

Pain assessment is an essential foundation to mitigate pain and its consequences in the developing child. However, pain assessment in neonates and infants is challenging and, to date, there is no “gold standard” infant pain indicator, measure, or approach. This chapter encompasses (1) a comprehensive evaluation of the most current and well validated neonatal/infant pain assessment measures; (2) an overview on biomarkers and cortical indicators on neonatal/infant pain; (3) the integration of recommendations on pain-assessment measures and practices within clinical practice guidelines, policies, and procedures; and (4) challenges associated with neonatal and infant pain assessment in terms of research, clinical, and knowledge translation issues.

scholarly journals New device permitting non‐invasive reversal of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion: ex‐vivo and in‐vivo study

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Basurto ◽  
N. Sananès ◽  
E. Verbeken ◽  
D. Sharma ◽  
E. Corno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Tracheal Occlusion ◽  
New Device ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Quantitative PET imaging of PD-L1 expression in xenograft and syngeneic tumour models using a site-specifically labelled PD-L1 antibody

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Christensen ◽  
Lotte K. Kristensen ◽  
Maria Z. Alfsen ◽  
Carsten H. Nielsen ◽  
Andreas Kjaer
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumour Bearing ◽  
Quantitative Pet

Abstract Purpose Despite remarkable clinical responses and prolonged survival across several cancers, not all patients benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade. Accordingly, assessment of tumour PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is increasingly applied to guide patient selection, therapeutic monitoring, and improve overall response rates. However, tissue-based methods are invasive and prone to sampling error. We therefore developed a PET radiotracer to specifically detect PD-L1 expression in a non-invasive manner, which could be of diagnostic and predictive value. Methods Anti-PD-L1 (clone 6E11, Genentech) was site-specifically conjugated with DIBO-DFO and radiolabelled with 89Zr (89Zr-DFO-6E11). 89Zr-DFO-6E11 was optimized in vivo by longitudinal PET imaging and dose escalation with excess unlabelled 6E11 in HCC827 tumour-bearing mice. Specificity of 89Zr-DFO-6E11 was evaluated in NSCLC xenografts and syngeneic tumour models with different levels of PD-L1 expression. In vivo imaging data was supported by ex vivo biodistribution, flow cytometry, and IHC. To evaluate the predictive value of 89Zr-DFO-6E11 PET imaging, CT26 tumour-bearing mice were subjected to external radiation therapy (XRT) in combination with PD-L1 blockade. Results 89Zr-DFO-6E11 was successfully labelled with a high radiochemical purity. The HCC827 tumours and lymphoid tissue were identified by 89Zr-DFO-6E11 PET imaging, and co-injection with 6E11 increased the relative tumour uptake and decreased the splenic uptake. 89Zr-DFO-6E11 detected the differences in PD-L1 expression among tumour models as evaluated by ex vivo methods. 89Zr-DFO-6E11 quantified the increase in PD-L1 expression in tumours and spleens of irradiated mice. XRT and anti-PD-L1 therapy effectively inhibited tumour growth in CT26 tumour-bearing mice (p < 0.01), and the maximum 89Zr-DFO-6E11 tumour-to-muscle ratio correlated with response to therapy (p = 0.0252). Conclusion PET imaging with 89Zr-DFO-6E11 is an attractive approach for specific, non-invasive, whole-body visualization of PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 expression can be modulated by radiotherapy regimens and 89Zr-DFO-6E11 PET is able to monitor these changes and predict the response to therapy in an immunocompetent tumour model.

scholarly journals In vivo electrical impedance measurement in human skin assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Kubisz ◽  
Dorota Hojan-Jezierska ◽  
Maria Szewczyk ◽  
Anna Majewska ◽  
Weronika Kawałkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fish Collagen ◽  
Electrical Impedance Measurement ◽  
The One

Abstract Structural and chemical alterations in living tissue are reflected in electrical impedance changes. However, due to the complexity of skin structure, the relation between electrical parameters and physiological/pathological conditions is difficult to establish. The impedance dispersion reflects the clinical status of the examined skin tissue and, therefore, it is frequently used in a non-invasive evaluation of exposing skin to various factors. The method has been used to assess the effect of the fish collagen on the skin of patients suffering from the leg ulcer. Therefore, from a number of different approaches to skin electrical impedance dispersion, the one considered to be safe was selected and applied. This paper presents a short review of different technical approaches to in vivo electrical impedance measurements, as well as an analysis of the results and the effect of fish collagen locally administered on human skin.

P.321Diaphragm echodensity and function in mdx mice by non-invasive ultrasonography: validation and correlation with in vivo and ex vivo functional readouts

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S160-S161
Author(s):  
P. Mantuano ◽  
A. Mele ◽  
O. Cappellari ◽  
A. Fonzino ◽  
F. Sanarica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals IMMU-25. MAGNETIC PARTICLE IMAGING FOR NON-INVASIVE TRACKING OF ADOPTIVE CELL TRANSFER IN CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi124-vi124
Author(s):  
Angelie Rivera-Rodriguez ◽  
Lan Hoang-Minh ◽  
Leyda Marrero-Morales ◽  
Duane Mitchell ◽  
Carlos Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Transfer ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Magnetic Particle Imaging ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
T Cell Transfer ◽  
Cytotoxic Function

Abstract BACKGROUND Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) are strategies being explored to boost the immune response against cancer. ACT cancer immunotherapies are effective against metastatic melanoma, leukemia, and lymphoma, but face challenges in treating other solid tumors, such as in the brain. A critical step for the success of ACT in solid cancers is achieving trafficking and persistence of T-cells at tumor sites. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive cancer of the central nervous system in adults, with a prognosis of 15-18-month average patient survival after diagnosis. Biomedical imaging is often used to track cell therapies. Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a novel biomedical imaging modality enabling non-invasive visualization of the distribution of biocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) tracers. OBJECTIVE Label T-cells with SPIO to non-invasively track adoptive T cell transfer immunotherapy with MPI in the context of brain cancer. METHODS Murine pmel-DsRed T-cells were isolated from the spleen of a transgenic C57BL/6 mouse, and were exposed to different SPIO concentrations ex vivo. Cell viability, phenotype, and cytotoxic function were analyzed to determine if T-cells were affected by the SPIO labeling. Moreover, in vivo experiments were performed in a murine GBM model, and labeled T-cells were injected intravenously and tracked using MPI. RESULTS The SPIO-labeling of T-cells did not affected cell viability, phenotype, or cell cytotoxic function at all tested incubation conditions. The internalized SPIO can be quantified and spatially detected using MPI both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, MPI in vivo tracking shows T-cells accumulation in liver and lungs, as well in the spleen and brain, as showed ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS SPIO-labeling of T-cells did not affected its cytotoxic function and MPI allows for in vivo tracking of adoptively T-cell transfer. MPI will provide better understanding of ACT dynamics to accelerate development of novel treatments.

Diffusion MR imaging: How to get the maximum from the experimental time

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Santis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Experimental Time ◽  
Diffusion Mr ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Full Protocol ◽  
Diffusion Mr Imaging

AbstractDiffusion-based MR imaging is the only non-invasive method for characterising the microstructural organization of brain tissue in vivo. Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) is currently routinely used in both research and clinical practice. However, other diffusion approaches are gaining more and more popularity and an increasing number of researchers express interest in using them concomitantly with DT-MRI. While non tensor-based methods hold great promises for increasing the specificity of diffusion MR imaging, including them in the experimental routine inevitably leads to longer experimental times. In most cases, this may preclude the translation of the full protocol to clinical practice, especially when these methods are to be used with subjects that are not compatible with long scanning sessions (e.g., with elderly and pediatric subjects who have difficulties in maintaining a fixed head position during a long imaging session).The aim of this review is to guide the end-users on obtaining the maximum from the experimental time allocated to collecting diffusion MRI data. This is done by: (i) briefly reviewing non tensor-based approaches; (ii) reviewing the optimal protocols for both tensor and non tensor-based imaging; and (iii) drawing the conclusions for different experimental times.

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