scholarly journals The Interrelation Between Peripersonal Action Space and Interpersonal Social Space: Psychophysiological Evidence and Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Coello ◽  
Alice Cartaud
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Body ◽  
Action Space ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Emotional Deficits

The peripersonal space is an adaptive and flexible interface between the body and the environment that fulfills a dual-motor function: preparing the body for voluntary object-oriented actions to interact with incentive stimuli and preparing the body for defensive responses when facing potentially harmful stimuli. In this position article, we provide arguments for the sensorimotor rooting of the peripersonal space representation and highlight the variables that contribute to its flexible and adaptive characteristics. We also demonstrate that peripersonal space represents a mediation zone between the body and the environment contributing to not only the control of goal-directed actions but also the organization of social life. The whole of the data presented and discussed led us to the proposal of a new theoretical framework linking the peripersonal action space and the interpersonal social space and we highlight how this theoretical framework can account for social behaviors in populations with socio-emotional deficits.

scholarly journals Cortical networks for encoding near and far space in the non-human primate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Cléry ◽  
Olivier Guipponi ◽  
Soline Odouard ◽  
Claire Wardak ◽  
Suliann Ben Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Personal Space ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Near Space ◽  
Space Processing ◽  
Human Primate

AbstractWhile extra-personal space is often erroneously considered as a unique entity, early neuropsychological studies report a dissociation between near and far space processing both in humans and in monkeys. Here, we use functional MRI in a naturalistic 3D environment to describe the non-human primate near and far space cortical networks. We describe the co-occurrence of two extended functional networks respectively dedicated to near and far space processing. Specifically, far space processing involves occipital, temporal, parietal, posterior cingulate as well as orbitofrontal regions not activated by near space, possibly subserving the processing of the shape and identity of objects. In contrast, near space processing involves temporal, parietal and prefrontal regions not activated by far space, possibly subserving the preparation of an arm/hand mediated action in this proximal space. Interestingly, this network also involves somatosensory regions, suggesting a cross-modal anticipation of touch by a nearby object. Last, we also describe cortical regions that process both far and near space with a preference for one or the other. This suggests a continuous encoding of relative distance to the body, in the form of a far-to-near gradient. We propose that these cortical gradients in space representation subserve the physically delineable peripersonal spaces described in numerous psychology and psychophysics studies.HighlightsNear space processing involves temporal, parietal and prefrontal regions.Far space activates occipital, temporal, parietal, cingulate & orbitofrontal areas.Most regions process both far & near space, with a preference for one or the other.Far-to-near gradient may subserve behavioral changes in peripersonal space size.

scholarly journals Mediating the Lifestyle of Metrosexual on Instagram (#priadewasa, #ganteng): Consumption and Identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Rama Kertamukti
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
Human Social Life

Activity of human social life is currently mediated by internet technology. Mediation has created space in the activities of social life which previously had an activity in the body replaced by activities in cyberspace. Instagram is a technological social space in the posfenomenological dimension of cyber space. Instagram as social media mediates its user body to be shared with other users. Instagram is a mode of reduced social interaction and transcends bodily space, programmed body, identity constructed in digital form. The metrosexual man enters the Instagram room to image himself and share it with other users. This research analyzes how metrosexual man activities in consumption and presents his identity in cyberspace. This study uses a virtual ethnographic method by tracing metrosexual male Instagram accounts through the hashtag #priadewasa #ganteng. This method can explore deeper about subject interactions on Instagram. The result is identity and consumption activities in the form of fashion, the places they visit are presented making it their class that has their own tastes in activities shared on Instagram. The liquid space provided by Instagram renders de-identification. Instagram space gives a different space unlike theworld off-line. Human life is never static, the dynamics of human life are changes that can never be avoided. These changes are a process of human adaptation to the movement of the surrounding environment. One form of human adaptation is to create technology that aims to simplify and improve the quality of life. Keywords: Instagram, Metrosexual, Identity, Consumption ABSTRAKAktivitas kehidupan sosial manusia saat ini termediasi teknologi internet. Mediasi itu telah menciptakan ruang dalam aktivitas kehidupan sosial yang sebelumnya beraktivitas dalam kebertubuhan tergantikan dengan aktivitas dalam ruang siber. Instagram adalah ruang sosial teknologis yang berada dalam dimensi posfenomenologis ruang siber. Instagram sebagai media sosial memediasi tubuh penggunannya untuk dibagikan ke pengguna lain. Instagram adalah moda interaksi sosial tereduksi dan melampaui ruang kebertubuhan, tubuh terprogramkan, identitas terkonstruksi dalam wujud digital. Pria metroseksual memasuki ruang Instagram untuk mencitrakan dirinya dan dibagi ke pengguna lain. Penelitian ini menganalisa bagaimana aktivitas pria metroseksual dalam berkonsumsi dan menghadirkan identitasnya di dunia siber. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode etnografi virtual dengan menelusuri akun Instagram pria metroseksual melalui hashtag #priadewasa #ganteng. Metode ini dapat mengeksplorasi lebih dalam interaksi subjek di instagram. Hasilnya Identitas dan aktivitas konsumsi berupa fashion, tempat-tempat yang mereka kunjungi menjadikan kelas mereka memiliki selera tersendiri dalam aktivitas yang dibagikan di instagram. Ruang cair yang diberikan instagram mengarahkan de-idetifikasi. Ruang Instagram memberi ruang berbeda tidak seperti dunia off line. Kehidupan manusia tidak pernah dalam kondisi statis, dinamika kehidupan manusia merupakan perubahan yang tidak pernah bisa dihindari. Perubahan-perubahan tersebut merupakan proses adaptasi manusia terhadap pergerakan dari lingkungan sekitarnya. Salah satu bentuk adaptasi manusia adalah dengan menciptakan teknologi yang bertujuan mempermudah dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup.Kata Kunci: Instagram, Metroseksual, Identitas, Konsumsi

scholarly journals Playing Apart Together: Young People’s Online Gaming During the COVID-19 Lockdown

Young ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 110330882110320
Author(s):  
Tea T. Bengtsson ◽  
Louise H. Bom ◽  
Lars Fynbo
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Coping With Boredom

The COVID-19 pandemic caused countries around the world to initiate societal lockdowns, especially during the spring of 2020. This article focuses on online gaming’s role in young people’s lives during the lockdown in Denmark. Informed by a practice theoretical framework, the analyses of 35 interviews with young people (16–19 years) examine how gaming proved to be something to do in a situation of nothing to do. The analyses find that the young people’s gaming practices were beneficial (a) in allowing the young people to maintain a social life and (b) in providing a legitimate social space for maintaining friendships and/or coping with boredom. The findings demonstrate that young people who engage with online gaming are capable of adapting to fundamental changes to society to fulfil their social needs and aspirations, including during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Auditory roughness elicits defense reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Taffou ◽  
Clara Suied ◽  
Isabelle Viaud-Delmon
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Defensive Behaviors ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Multisensory Information ◽  
Tactile Integration

AbstractAuditory roughness elicits aversion, and higher activation in cerebral areas involved in threat processing, but its link with defensive behavior is unknown. Defensive behaviors are triggered by intrusions into the space immediately surrounding the body, called peripersonal space (PPS). Integrating multisensory information in PPS is crucial to assure the protection of the body. Here, we assessed the behavioral effects of roughness on auditory-tactile integration, which reflects the monitoring of this multisensory region of space. Healthy human participants had to detect as fast as possible a tactile stimulation delivered on their hand while an irrelevant sound was approaching them from the rear hemifield. The sound was either a simple harmonic sound or a rough sound, processed through binaural rendering so that the virtual sound source was looming towards participants. The rough sound speeded tactile reaction times at a farther distance from the body than the non-rough sound. This indicates that PPS, as estimated here via auditory-tactile integration, is sensitive to auditory roughness. Auditory roughness modifies the behavioral relevance of simple auditory events in relation to the body. Even without emotional or social contextual information, auditory roughness constitutes an innate threat cue that elicits defensive responses.

scholarly journals Acute stress affects peripersonal space representation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Ellena ◽  
Tommaso Bertoni ◽  
Manon Durand-Ruel ◽  
John Thoresen ◽  
Carmen Sandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Motor Representation ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Visuotactile Integration

Peripersonal space (PPS) is the region of space surrounding the body. It has a dedicated multisensory-motor representation, whose purpose is to predict and plan interactions with the environment, and which can vary depending on environmental circumstances. Here, we investigated the effect on the PPS representation of an experimentally induced stress response. We assessed PPS representation in healthy humans, before and after a stressful manipulation, by quantifying visuotactile interactions as a function of the distance from the body, while monitoring salivary cortisol concentration. Participants, who showed a cortisol stress response, presented enhanced visuotactile integration for stimuli close to the body and reduced for far stimuli. Conversely, individuals, with a less pronounced cortisol response, showed a reduced difference in visuotactile integration between the near and the far space. In our interpretation, physiological stress resulted in a freezing-like response, where multisensory-motor resources are allocated only to the area immediately surrounding the body.

When social and action spaces diverge: A study in children with typical development and autism

Autism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1687-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Candini ◽  
Virginia Giuberti ◽  
Erica Santelli ◽  
Giuseppe di Pellegrino ◽  
Francesca Frassinetti
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Space

The space around the body has been defined as action space ( peripersonal space) and a social space ( interpersonal space). Within the current debate about the characteristics of these spaces, here we investigated the functional properties and plasticity of action and social space in developmental age. To these aims, children with typical development and autism spectrum disorders were submitted to Reaching- and Comfort-distance tasks, to assess peripersonal and interpersonal space, respectively. Participants approached a person (confederate) or an object and stopped when they thought they could reach the stimulus (Reaching-distance task), or they felt comfortable with stimulus’ proximity (Comfort-distance task). Both tasks were performed before and after a cooperative tool-use training, in which participant and confederate actively cooperated to reach tokens by using either a long (Experiment 1) or a short (Experiment 2) tool. Results showed that in both groups, peripersonal space extended following long-tool-use but not short-tool-use training. Conversely, in typical development, but not in autism spectrum disorders children, interpersonal space toward confederate reduced following the cooperative tool-use training. These findings reveal that action and social spaces are functionally dissociable both in typical and atypical development, and that action but not social space regulation is intact in children with autism.

scholarly journals LIFESTYLE OF STUDENTS IN TERMS OF SELF-ISOLATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
V.M. Krylov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Krylova ◽  
T.A. Ponomareva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The Abstract the Article is devoted to the study of the lifestyle of students in self-isolation. New cases of COVID-19, which continue to be registered around the world, dictate to society new norms of behaviour in the social space. The self-isolation regime as a quarantine measure has become a new reality for Russians. Compliance with self-isolation and other preventive measures will help to contain the spread of coronavirus infection. Self-isolation is characterised by serious changes in the body and lifestyle of various socio-demographic groups. These changes are especially relevant for students in the transition from the usual active lifestyle to new unusual forms of social behaviour. The way of life covers all essential spheres of people's life: work, forms of its social organization, everyday life, forms of people's use of their free time, their participation in political and social life, forms of satisfaction of their material needs. To Sum up, we believe that the analysis of the components of the students' lifestyle in the conditions of self-isolation is only a part of the study and requires further research. The current epidemiological situation associated with the threat of COVID-19 has largely changed the worldview, behaviour and social attitudes, and the student's life meanings are being re-evaluated and values are being transformed. It is necessary to develop a set of measures for socio-psychological support of students who find themselves in a difficult situation in self-isolation.

The social dimension of peripersonal space

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Yann Coello ◽  
Tina Iachini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reward Value

Peripersonal space (PPS) is a dynamic representation of the space around the body subserving primarily the organization of goal-directed behaviours towards stimuli with the highest reward value. It must also be viewed as a space where potentially harmful stimuli receive specific attention in order to protect the body from the hazards ahead. In the present chapter, we will highlight the anticipatory motor nature of PPS representation and its dynamic properties. We will also show that stimuli in PPS receive particular attention that fosters perceptual and cognitive processes. Finally, we will propose that PPS serves as a mediation zone between the body and the environment, protecting the body from external threats and, as such, contributing to the organization of the social life.

scholarly journals Approaching threatening stimuli cause an expansion of defensive peripersonal space

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1927-1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Bufacchi
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Environmental Stimuli ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Threatening Stimulus ◽  
Threatening Stimuli

When sudden environmental stimuli signaling threat occur in the portion of space surrounding the body (defensive peripersonal space), defensive responses are enhanced. Recently Bisio et al. (Bisio A, Garbarini F, Biggio M, Fossataro C, Ruggeri P, Bove M. J Neurosci 37: 2415–2424, 2017) showed that a marker of defensive peripersonal space, the defensive hand-blink reflex, is modulated by the motion of the eliciting threatening stimulus. These results can be parsimoniously explained by the continuous monitoring of environmental threats, resulting in an expansion of defensive peripersonal space when threatening stimuli approach.

Auditory Peripersonal Space in Humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1030-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Farnè ◽  
Elisabetta Làdavas
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Noise Burst ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Neuropsychological Evidence

In the present study we report neuropsychological evidence of the existence of an auditory peripersonal space representation around the head in humans and its characteristics. In a group of right brain-damaged patients with tactile extinction, we found that a sound delivered near the ipsilesional side of the head (20 cm) strongly extinguished a tactile stimulus delivered to the contralesional side of the head (cross-modal auditory-tactile extinction). By contrast, when an auditory stimulus was presented far from the head (70 cm), cross-modal extinction was dramatically reduced. This spatially specific cross-modal extinction was most consistently found (i.e., both in the front and back spaces) when a complex sound was presented, like a white noise burst. Pure tones produced spatially specific cross-modal extinction when presented in the back space, but not in the front space. In addition, the most severe cross-modal extinction emerged when sounds came from behind the head, thus showing that the back space is more sensitive than the front space to the sensory interaction of auditory-tactile inputs. Finally, when cross-modal effects were investigated by reversing the spatial arrangement of cross-modal stimuli (i.e., touch on the right and sound on the left), we found that an ipsilesional tactile stimulus, although inducing a small amount of cross-modal tactile-auditory extinction, did not produce any spatial-specific effect. Therefore, the selective aspects of cross-modal interaction found near the head cannot be explained by a competition between a damaged left spatial representation and an intact right spatial representation. Thus, consistent with neurophysiological evidence from monkeys, our findings strongly support the existence, in humans, of an integrated cross-modal system coding auditory and tactile stimuli near the body, that is, in the peripersonal space.

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