scholarly journals Exploratory Investigation of Brain MRI Lesions According to Whole Sample and Visual Function Subtyping in Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Sakki ◽  
Naomi J. Dale ◽  
Kshitij Mankad ◽  
Jenefer Sargent ◽  
Giacomo Talenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Visual Pathways ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cerebral Visual Impairment

Background: There is limited research on brain lesions in children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI) of heterogeneous etiologies and according to associated subtyping and vision dysfunctions. This study was part of a larger project establishing data-driven subtypes of childhood CVI according to visual dysfunctions. Currently there is no consensus in relation to assessment, diagnosis and classification of CVI and more information about brain lesions may be of potential diagnostic value.Aim: This study aimed to investigate overall patterns of brain lesions and associations with level of visual dysfunction and to compare the patterns between the classification subgroups in children with CVI.Methods: School-aged children with CVI received ophthalmological and neuro-psychological/developmental assessments to establish CVI-related subtyping. Other pediatric information was collected from medical records. MRI scans were coded according to a semi-quantitative template including brain regions (right hemisphere, left hemisphere, visual pathways) and summed for total scores. Non-parametric analyses were conducted.Results: 28 children had clinical brain MRI scans available [44% of total sample, Group A (lower severity of visual dysfunctions) n = 16, Group B (higher severity) n = 12]. Total brain scores ranged between 0 and 18 (Group A mdn = 7, IQR = 0.8–10.0, Group B mdn = 10, IQR = 6.5–11.8) and were widespread across regions. 71 per cent had post-geniculate visual pathway damage. The median total brain and hemisphere scores of Group B were higher than subgroup A but differences did not reach statistical significance. No statistically significant associations were found between brain scores and vision variables (acuity, contrast sensitivity).Conclusion: This study found a spread of lesions across all regions on the brain scans in children with congenital CVI. The majority had damage in the postgeniculate visual pathways and visual cortex region suggesting this is an area of interest and potentially informative for diagnosis. However the subtyping classification did not show differences in number or region of lesions though the trend was higher toward Group B. This study confirms the complex diffuse and variable nature of brain lesions in children with congenital CVI, many of whom have other neurological impairments.

scholarly journals Utilizing pre-operative MR imaging and adapting optimal needle puncture approach to improve radiofrequency ablation fraction of thoracic dorsal root ganglia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Yayong Huang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Sushant Kumar Das ◽  
Chuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Transforaminal Approach ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Group A ◽  
Mri Sequences ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Group B ◽  
Translaminar Approach

AbstractThis experimental study evaluates the location of thoracic dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and evaluates the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) fraction of different puncture approaches on distinct DRG locations. Eight normal adult corpse specimens were used as thoracic spine specimens. An MRI examination was performed on each specimen using the following MRI sequences: STIR T2WI, fs-FRFSE T2WI, and 3D FIESTA-c. Then thoracic spine specimens (n = 14) were divided into three groups for RFA: Group A, using a transforaminal approach irrespective of DRG location; Group B, using a transforaminal, trans-lateral-zygapophysial or translaminar approach according to the DRG location; and Group C using a combination of puncture approaches. The quality of visualization of thoracic DRGs on STIR T2WI, fs-FRFSE T2WI, and 3D FIESTA-c scans were 53.5% (77/144), 88.2% (127/144), and 93.1% (134/144), respectively. In group A, the RFA fractions of the extraforaminal DRGs (N = 29), intraforaminal DRGs (N = 12) and intraspinal DRGs (N = 7) via a transforaminal approach were 72.6 ± 18.9%, 54.2 ± 24.8% and 32.9 ± 28.1% respectively. In group B, RFA of extraforaminal DRGs via a transforaminal approach (N = 43) or a trans-lateral zygapophysial approach (N = 45) led to ablation fractions of 71.9 ± 15.2% and 72.0 ± 17.9%, respectively; RFA of intraforaminal DRGs via a transforaminal approach (N = 14) or a translaminar approach (N = 16) led to ablation fractions of 57.1 ± 18.0% and 52.5 ± 20.6%, respectively; RFA of intraspinal DRGs via a transforaminal approach (N = 12) or a translaminar approach (N = 14) led to ablation fractions of 34.8 ± 24.6% and 71.8 ± 16.0%, respectively. In group C, the combined approach led to an ablation fraction for extraforaminal DRGs (N = 69) of 82.5 ± 14.1%, for intraforaminal DRGs (N = 39) of 81.5 ± 11.8%, and for intraspinal DRGs (N = 36) of 80.8 ± 13.3%. MRI can accurately assess DRG location before RFA. Adopting different and combined puncturing approaches tailored to different DRG locations can significantly increase the DRG RFA fraction.

scholarly journals Differences in Brain Metabolic Impairment between Chronic Mild/Moderate TBI Patients with and without Visible Brain Lesions Based on MRI

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Ito ◽  
Yoshitaka Asano ◽  
Yuka Ikegame ◽  
Jun Shinoda
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Introduction.Many patients with mild/moderate traumatic brain injury (m/mTBI) in the chronic stage suffer from executive brain function impairment. Analyzing brain metabolism is important for elucidating the pathological mechanisms associated with their symptoms. This study aimed to determine the differences in brain glucose metabolism between m/mTBI patients with and without visible traumatic brain lesions based on MRI.Methods.Ninety patients with chronic m/mTBI due to traffic accidents were enrolled and divided into two groups based on their MRI findings. Group A comprised 50 patients with visible lesions. Group B comprised 40 patients without visible lesions. Patients underwent FDG-PET scans following cognitive tests. FDG-PET images were analyzed using voxel-by-voxel univariate statistical tests.Results.There were no significant differences in the cognitive tests between Group A and Group B. Based on FDG-PET findings, brain metabolism significantly decreased in the orbital gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and medial thalamus but increased in the parietal and occipital convexity in Group A compared with that in the control. Compared with the control, patients in Group B exhibited no significant changes.Conclusions.These results suggest that different pathological mechanisms may underlie cognitive impairment in m/mTBI patients with and without organic brain damage.

scholarly journals MLTI-13. RESPONSE ASSESSMENT OF MELANOMA BRAIN METASTASES TREATED BY STEREOTACTIC RADIOTHERAPY OR IMMUNOTHERAPY OR BOTH: A COMPARISON OF RECIST 1.1, RANO AND iRANO CRITERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i17-i17
Author(s):  
Emilie Le Rhun ◽  
Fabian Wolpert ◽  
Maud Fialek ◽  
Patrick Devos ◽  
Nicolaus Andratschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Stereotactic Radiotherapy ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Recist 1.1 ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract BACKGROUND: The evaluation of response for brain metastases (BM) may be challenging in the context of treatment by stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) or immunotherapy or both. METHODS: We reviewed clinical and neuroimaging data of 62 melanoma patients with newly diagnosed BM treated by the combination of immunotherapy and SRT (n=33, group A), immunotherapy alone (n=10, group B) or SRT alone or in combination with other systemic therapies (n=19, group C). Response was assessed using RECIST 1.1, RANO or iRANO criteria. RESULTS: BRAF mutations were noted in 26 patients. 54 patients (87%) had 1–3 metastases. The median DS-GPA was 3. After a median follow-up of 30.5 months, 39 patients have experienced CNS progression, 16 (48.5%) in group A, 9 (90%) in group B, 14 (73.5%) in group C. Median PFS was 129.5 days (range 82–532) in group A, 75 days (range 35–203) in group B, 136 days (range 59–514) in group C. Forty-seven patients (76%) had died at the time of the analysis, 22 (66.5%) in group A, 7 (70%) in group B, 18 (94.5%) in group C. Median OS was 345 days (range 65–1824) in group A, 174.5 days (range 50–1361) in group B, 409 days (range 102–1244) in group C. 52 MRI scans were available for central review: pseudoprogression was documented in 9 patients (29%) in group A, 0 (0%) in group B, 5 (29.5%) in group C. Response rates were similar with all three sets of response criteria. Progressive disease was less often called when applying iRANO to assess SRT target lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the retrospective nature and the small sample size, these data may indicate that the omission of SRT from first-line treatment may compromise outcome. Pseudoprogression is uncommon with immunotherapy alone; pseudoprogression rates were similar after SRT alone or in combination with immunotherapy or other systemic treatment.

scholarly journals Application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the differentiation of high-grade brain neoplasm and inflammatory brain lesions

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (2a) ◽  
pp. 250-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Lopes Ferraz-Filho ◽  
Pedro Vieira Santana-Netto ◽  
Jose Alves Rocha-Filho ◽  
Aline Sgnolf ◽  
Fernando Mauad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
High Degree

This study aims at evaluating the application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the differential diagnosis of brain tumors and inflammatory brain lesions. The examinations of 81 individuals, who performed brain MRS and were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with ages between 10 and 80 years old, were divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 42 individuals with diagnoses of cerebral toxoplasmosis and Group B was formed of 39 individuals with diagnosis of glial neoplasms. On analyzing the ROC curve, the discriminatory boundary for the Cho/Cr ratio between inflammatory lesions and tumors was 1.97 and for the NAA/Cr ratio it was 1.12. RMS is an important method useful in the distinction of inflammatory brain lesions and high-degree tumors when the Cho/Cr ratio is greater than 1.97 and the NAA/Cr ratio is less than 1.12. And so this method is important in the planning of treatment and monitoring of the therapeutic efficiency.

Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning in Childhood Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Till ◽  
Austin Noguera ◽  
Leonard H. Verhey ◽  
Julia O’Mahony ◽  
E. Ann Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Binary Classification ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Mri Scans

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to describe cognitive, academic, and psychosocial outcomes after an incident demyelinating event (acquired demyelinating syndromes, ADS) in childhood and to investigate the contribution of brain lesions and confirmed MS diagnosis on outcome.Methods:Thirty-six patients with ADS (mean age=12.2 years,SD=2.7, range: 7–16 years) underwent brain MRI scans at presentation and at 6-months follow-up. T2-weighted lesions on MRI were assessed using a binary classification. At 6-months follow-up, patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation and were compared with 42 healthy controls.Results:Cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes did not differ between the patients with ADS and controls. Three of 36 patients (8.3%) were identified with cognitive impairment, as determined by performance falling ≤1.5SDbelow normative values on more than four independent tests in the battery. Poor performance on a visuomotor integration task was most common, observed among 6/32 patients, but this did not differ significantly from controls. Twelve of 36 patients received a diagnosis of MS within 3 years post-ADS. Patients with MS did not differ from children with monophasic ADS in terms of cognitive performance at the 6-months follow-up. Fatigue symptoms were reported in 50% of patients, irrespective of MS diagnosis. Presence of brain lesions at onset and 6 months post-incident demyelinating event did not associate with cognitive outcome.Conclusions:Children with ADS experience a favorable short-term neurocognitive outcome, even those confirmed to have MS. Longitudinal evaluations of children with monophasic ADS and MS are required to determine the possibility of late-emerging sequelae and their time course. (JINS, 2016,22, 1050–1060)

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Value of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting CNS Diseases Among Advanced AIDS Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Li-qing Sun ◽  
Yi-mei Tian ◽  
Liu-mei Xu ◽  
Pu-xuan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of brain magnetic resonance imaging in detecting central nervous system diseases among AIDS patients of different levels of T cells. Methods Total of 164 AIDS patients who did not receive antiviral treatment were divided into 2 groups according to their baseline CD4+ T cell counts. Group A had CD4+ T cell below or equal to 50 cells/μl (n = 81) and group B had CD4+ T cells over 50 cells/μl (n = 83). All patients underwent brain MRI scan. Imaging analysis and the prevalence of the central nervous system disorders were compared between two groups. Results Among them 48 cases were found of abnormal brain MRI, group A was higher than group B (35.8% vs. 22.9%) although without statistical significance (P = 0.065). Altogether 48 cases were diagnosed as AIDS related central nervous system disorders based on clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory findings. The prevalence of CNS disorders was higher in group A than in group B (41.9% vs. 16.8%) with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Conclusions The patients with CD4+ T cell count less than or equal to 50 cells/μl had high prevalence of CNS diseases. Brain MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis and differentiation of CNS diseases in advanced AIDS patients. This study suggests patients with low CD4+ T cell count (≤ 50/μl) should routinely undergo MRI examination.

Incidence of interattack asymptomatic brain lesions in NMO spectrum disorder

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (23) ◽  
pp. e3124-e3128
Author(s):  
Min Young Lee ◽  
Kok Pin Yong ◽  
Jae-Won Hyun ◽  
Su-Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Aqp4 Antibody

ObjectiveTo determine whether aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody–seropositive patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) develop new asymptomatic brain lesions during the interattack period.MethodsOf 296 consecutive AQP4 antibody–seropositive patients in the NMOSD database of the National Cancer Center from May 2005 to November 2019, 145 patients, who had serial brain MRI scans over an interval of at least 1 year during relapse-free period after immunosuppressive therapy, with 370 longitudinally assessed brain MRI scans were included in this study. We retrospectively analyzed them for presence of new subclinical brain lesions during the relapse-free period.ResultsFive of 145 patients (3.4%) had detectable new, asymptomatic brain lesions in the deep white matter over a total observed relapse-free period of 708 person-years. All the lesions were smaller than 6 mm and assessed to be nonspecific. No brain lesion characteristic of NMOSD or gadolinium-enhancing lesion was identified.ConclusionsAsymptomatic brain lesions are rarely observed on conventional MRI in clinically stable AQP4 antibody–seropositive patients with NMOSD after immunosuppressive therapy and brain MRI lesions characteristic of NMOSD are not seen in the relapse-free period. These findings may provide further insight regarding currently known diagnostic and disease-monitoring strategies in NMOSD.

Effects of Formalin Inhalation on the Visual Acuity of Medical Students in a Nigerian University.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
P.C. Ugwuezumba ◽  
Jude Egwurugwu ◽  
M.C. Ohamaeme ◽  
P. Nwankpa ◽  
C.N. Ekweogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Visual Acuity Test ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nigerian University ◽  
Group B ◽  
Research Students

Abstract This study investigated the effect of formalin inhalation on visual acuity of medical students in Madonna University, Elele, Nigeria. Two hundred students (100 males and 100 females) between the ages of 16 and 25 years participated in the research. Students were grouped into two of 100 students per group (50 males and 50 females). Group A is the control, non-exposed group while group B is the test group exposed to formalin inhalation. Data collection among the randomly selected students involved a combination of self-administered and interviewer- administered questionnaires. Visual acuity test was done for distant (DV) and near (NV) visions using the Snellen’s chart and Jaeger’s chart respectively. Results of visual acuity of non-exposed and formalin-exposed male participants showed impairment in 20% and 48% of respectively for DV; 22% and 64% respectively for NV. The percentage of visual impairment in non exposed and exposed female participants was 18% and 42% respectively for DV; 24% and 26% respectively for NV. In conclusion, this study revealed a statistical significant decrease in visual acuity among medical students exposed to formalin inhalation compared to the non-exposed students. Visual impairment was more in males than in females. It is therefore recommended that the concentration of formalin in formalin-treated cadavers used by medical students be re-evaluated and proper ventilation in dissecting rooms/halls be ensured to avoid exposures to abnormally high concentrations of formaldehyde. Key Words: Visual Acuity, Formalin, Inhalation, Snellen’s chart, Jaeger’s chart, Medical Students.

An ultrastructural study of sertoli cells in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Taber A. Ba-Omar ◽  
Philip F. Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
The North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Geographically Isolated

We have recently carried out a study of spermiogenic differentiation in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar (freshwater teleost), with a view to ascertaining variation at the ultrastructural level. The sampling areas were the Jebel Al Akhdar in the north (Group A) and the Dhofar region (Group B) in the south. Specimens from each group were collected, the testes removed, fixed in Karnovsky solution, post fixed in OsO, en bloc stained with uranyl acetate and then routinely processed to Agar 100 resin, semi and ultrathin sections were prepared for study.

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