scholarly journals Alterations in Electroencephalography Theta as Candidate Biomarkers of Acute Cannabis Intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Richard ◽  
Jared R. Poole ◽  
Marissa McConnell ◽  
Amir H. Meghdadi ◽  
Marija Stevanovic-Karic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Neurocognitive Tasks ◽  
High Degree

The trend toward cannabis legalization in the United States over the past two decades has unsurprisingly been accompanied by an increase in the number of cannabis users and use patterns that potentially pose wider risks to the public like driving under the influence. As such, it is becoming increasingly important to develop methods to accurately quantify cannabis intoxication and its associated impairments on cognitive and motor function. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive method for quantitatively assessing neurophysiological biomarkers of intoxication and impairment with a high degree of temporal resolution. Twelve healthy, young recreational cannabis users completed a series of neurocognitive tasks with concurrent EEG acquisition using the ABM STAT X24 EEG headset in a within-subject counterbalanced design. The 1-h testbed consisted of resting state tasks and tests of attention and memory. Spectral densities were computed for resting state tasks, and event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained for the attention and memory tasks. Theta band power (3–5 Hz) was decreased during cannabis intoxication compared to placebo during resting state tasks, as were average P400 and late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes during attention and memory tasks. Cannabis intoxication was also associated with elevated frontal coherence and diminished anterior–posterior coherence in the Theta frequency band. This work highlights the utility of EEG to identify and quantify neurophysiological biomarkers from recordings obtained during a short neurocognitive testbed as a method for profiling cannabis intoxication. These biomarkers may prove efficacious in distinguishing intoxicated from non-intoxicated individuals in lab and real-world settings.

scholarly journals Variations in Pupil Size Related to Memory for Recently Presented Words and Event Related Potentials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-09
Author(s):  
Jan Rouke Kuipers ◽  
William A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Initial List

Pupillometry has been found to be correlated with activity of cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulator systems. These systems regulate the level of cortical arousal and therefore perception, attention, and memory. Here, we tested how different types of pupil size variance (prestimulus baseline and prestimulus hippus power) may correlate with behavioral and electrophysiological brain responses (ERPs). We recorded pupil size and ERPs while participants were presented with a series of words and then asked whether they had been in the initial list when they were later presented intermixed with unpresented words. We found that a smaller prestimulus baseline pupil size during the study phase was associated with better memory performance. Study items also evoked a larger P3 response at presentation and a greater old/new memory ERP effect at test when prestimulus pupil size was small rather than large. Prestimulus hippus power was found to be a between-subjects factor affecting the robustness of memory encoding with less power being associated with a greater old/new memory ERP effect. These results provide evidence relating memory and ERPs to variables defined on pupil size that are thought to reflect varying states of parasympathetic and sympathetic arousal.

The Joys of Spring

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh M. Riby
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Program Music ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cognitive Event

This study used Vivaldi’s Four Seasons, an extraordinary example of program music, to explore the consequence of music exposure on cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs). Seventeen participants performed a three-stimulus visual odd-ball task while ERPs were recorded. Participants were required to differentiate between a rare target stimulus (to elicit a memory updating component; P3b), a rare novel stimulus (to elicit a novelty attention component; P3a), and a frequent nontarget stimulus. During task performance participants listened to the four concertos: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter in comparison to a silent control condition. Additionally, the three movements of each concerto have a fast, slow, fast structure that enabled examination of the impact of tempo. The data revealed that “Spring,” particularly the well-recognized, vibrant, emotive, and uplifting first movement, had the ability to enhance mental alertness and brain measures of attention and memory.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of an Integrated Intervention Program for Alcoholism: Electrophysiological Findings

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762092787
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Keshav Janakiprasad Kumar ◽  
Vivek Benegal ◽  
Bangalore N. Roopesh ◽  
Girikematha S. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Integrated Intervention ◽  
Related Potentials

Background: Neuroelectrophysiological measures such as electroencephalograms (EEGs) in resting state and event-related potentials (ERPs) provide valuable information about the vulnerability and treatment-related changes in persons with alcoholism. This study examined the effectiveness of an Integrated Intervention Program for Alcoholism (IIPA) using electrophysiological measures. Methods: Fifty individuals with early onset of alcohol dependence participated. They were grouped randomly into two: the treatment as usual (TAU) group and the treatment group, matched on age (±1 year) and education (±1 year). eyes closed and resting state EEGs and ERPs on cognitive tasks (flanker task, alcohol Go/No-Go task, and single outcome gambling task) were recorded before and after treatment. The TAU group received pharmacotherapy, six days/week yoga sessions, and three sessions/week group therapy on relapse prevention while the treatment group received IIPA along with usual treatment (except yoga) for 18 days. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups pre-treatment. RM-ANOVA for pre- and post-treatment stages showed a significant difference between the two groups in the absolute power of alpha, beta, theta, and delta, during eye closure, in the resting-state EEGs. The treatment group showed significantly larger N200/N2 amplitude in congruent and incongruent conditions (flanker task), N200/N2 amplitude for alcohol No-Go, P300/P3 amplitude for neutral No-Go on alcohol Go/No-Go task, and outcome-related positivity (ORP) amplitude on single outcome gambling task. Conclusion: This exploratory study suggests that IIPA is effective for enhancing relaxation state and attentiveness, decreasing hyperarousal, and ameliorating neurocognitive dysfunctions of conflict-monitoring, response inhibition, and reward processing.

scholarly journals Cortical sources of the auditory attentional blink

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 812-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Shen ◽  
Dominique T. Vuvan ◽  
Claude Alain
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Target Sound ◽  
Related Potentials

Attentional blink (AB) refers to the situation where correctly identifying a target impairs the processing of a subsequent probe in a sequence of stimuli. Although the AB often coincides with a modulation of scalp-recorded cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs), the neural sources of this effect remain unclear. In two separate experiments, we used classical LORETA analysis recursively applied (CLARA) to estimate the neural sources of ERPs elicited by an auditory probe when it immediately followed an auditory target (i.e., AB condition), when no auditory target was present (i.e., no-AB condition), and when the probe followed an auditory target but occurred outside of the AB time window (i.e., no-AB condition). We observed a processing deficit when the probe immediately followed the target, and this auditory AB was accompanied by reduced P3b amplitude. Contrasting brain electrical source activity from the AB and no-AB conditions revealed reduced source activity in the medial temporal region as well as in the temporoparietal junction (extending into inferior parietal lobe), ventromedial prefrontal cortex, left anterior thalamic nuclei, mammillary body, and left cerebellum. The results indicate that successful probe identification following a target relies on a widely distributed brain network and further support the suggestion that the auditory AB reflects the failure of the probe to reach short-term consolidation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Within a rapid succession of auditory stimuli, the perception of a predefined target sound often impedes listeners’ ability to detect another target sound that is presented close in succession. This attentional blink may be related to activity in brain areas supporting attention and memory. We show that the auditory attentional blink is associated with brain activity changes in a network including the medial temporal lobe, parietal cortex, and prefrontal cortex. This study suggests that a problem in the interaction between attention and memory underlies the auditory attentional blink.

scholarly journals Task-Free Recovery and Spatial Characterization of a P3-Like Global Network from Resting-State EEG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akaysha C. Tang ◽  
Adam John Privitera
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractDiagnosis of mental illness, testing of treatment effects, and design of prevention strategies all require brain-based biomarkers that can serve as effective targets of evaluation. The search for such markers often starts with a search for neural correlates from brain imaging studies with measures of functions and behavior of interest. Yet such an approach can produce erroneous results for correlations do not guarantee causation. Only when the markers map onto neurocomputationally-relevant parameters can such markers best serve the intended function. Here we take an alternative approach to begin with targeting the neuroanatomically and neurophysiologically well-defined neuromoduatory systems that are well positioned to serve the computational role of generating globally synchronized neural activity for the purpose of functional integration [1]. By applying second-order blind identification (SOBI) [2], a blind source separation algorithm (BSS), to five minutes of resting-state EEG data (n=13), we provide evidence to support our conclusion that neuroelectrical signals associated with synchronized global network activity can be extracted using the detailed temporal information in the on-going continuously recorded EEG, instead of event-related potentials (ERPs). We report reliable extraction of a SOBI component, which we refer to as the P3-like component, in every individual studied, replicating our earlier report on data from a single participant [3]. We show that individual differences in the neural networks underlying this P3-like component can be revealed in high dimensional space by a vector of hits-based measures [4] for each of the P3-like network’s constituent structures. Given that resting-state EEG can be obtained with greater ease at natural non-hospital settings and at much lower cost in comparison with fMRI, and that mobile EEG systems have become increasingly available, the present work offers an enabling technology to support rapid and low-cost assessment of much larger and diverse populations of individuals, addressing several methodological limitations in our current investigation of brain function. Future opportunities and current limitations will be discussed.

scholarly journals Demystifying signal processing techniques to extract task-related EEG responses for psychologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Zhenjiang Li ◽  
Fengrui Zhang ◽  
Ruolei Gu ◽  
Weiwei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Time Domain

To investigate neural mechanisms of human psychology with electroencephalography (EEG), we typically instruct participants to perform certain tasks with simultaneous recording of their brain activities. The identification of task‐related EEG responses requires data analysis techniques that are normally different from methods for analyzing resting‐state EEG. This review aims to demystify commonly used signal processing methods for identifying task‐related EEG activities for psychologists. To achieve this goal, we first highlight the different preprocessing pipelines between task‐related EEG and resting‐state EEG. We then discuss the methods to extract and visualize event‐related potentials in the time domain and event‐related oscillatory responses in the time‐frequency domain. Potential applications of advanced techniques such as source analysis and single‐trial analysis are briefly discussed. We conclude this review with a short summary of task‐related EEG data analysis, recommendations for further study, and caveats we should take heed of.

scholarly journals Retrieval Orientation and the Control of Recollection

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Herron ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Memory Task ◽  
Mixed List ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Retrieval Orientation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Study Test ◽  
High Degree

Event-related potentials (ERPs) were employed to investigate whether recognition test items are processed differently according to whether they are used to probe memory for previously studied words or pictures. In each of two study-test blocks, subjects encoded a mixed list of words and pictures, and then performed a recognition memory task with words as the test items. In one block, the requirement was to respond positively to test items corresponding to studied words, and to reject both new items and items corresponding to the studied pictures. In the other block, positive responses were made to test items corresponding to pictures, and items corresponding to words were classified along with the new items. ERPs elicited during the test phase by correctly classified new items differed according to whether words or pictures were the sought-for modality. This finding was interpreted as a neural correlate of the different retrieval orientations adopted when searching memory for words versus pictures. Relative to new items, correctly classified items studied in both target modalities elicited robust, positive-going “old/new” effects. When pictures were targets, test items corresponding to studied words also elicited large effects. By contrast, when words were targets, old/ new effects were absent for the items corresponding to studied pictures. These findings were interpreted as evidence that, in some circumstances, adoption of an appropriate retrieval orientation permits retrieval cues to be employed with a high degree of specificity.

Individual Differences in Asymmetric Resting-State Frontal Cortical Activity Modulate ERPs and Performance in a Global-Local Attention Task

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten A. S. Boksem ◽  
Evelien Kostermans ◽  
Mattie Tops ◽  
David De Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Approach Motivation ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Performance

Recent research has demonstrated that individual differences in approach motivation modulate attentional scope. In turn, approach and inhibition have been related to different neural systems that are associated with asymmetries in relative frontal activity (RFA). Here, we investigated whether such individual differences in asymmetric hemispheric activity during rest, and self-report measures of approach motivation (as measured by the behavioral inhibition system, BIS/behavioral activation system, BAS scales) would be predictive of the efficiency of attentional processing of global and local visual information, as indexed by event-related potentials (ERPs) and performance measures. In the reported experiment, participants performed a visual attention task in which they were required to either attend to the global shape or the local components of presented stimuli. Electroencephalogram was recorded during task performance and during an initial “resting state” measurement. The results showed that only the BAS-Reward Responsiveness subscale was associated with left RFA during rest, while BIS, BAS-Drive, and BAS-Fun Seeking were associated with more right-lateralized RFA. Importantly, left RFA during the “resting state” measurement was associated with increased P3 (right-lateralized) amplitudes and decreased P3 latencies on trials requiring a global focus. In turn, these ERPs were associated with enhanced performance on trials requiring a global focus. These results provide the first evidence for a positive association between left RFA during rest and increased efficiency of right-lateralized brain mechanisms that are involved in processing global information.

scholarly journals Relationship between Resting-State Alpha Coherence and Cognitive Control in Individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder: A Multimodal Approach Based on Resting-State Electroencephalography and Event-Related Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635
Author(s):  
Minkyung Park ◽  
So Young Yoo ◽  
Ji-Yoon Lee ◽  
Ja Wook Koo ◽  
Ung Gu Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Related Potentials

The human brain is constantly active, even at rest. Alpha coherence is an electroencephalography (EEG) rhythm that regulates functional connectivity between different brain regions. However, the relationships between resting-state alpha coherence and N2/P3 components associated with response inhibition and cognitive processes have not been investigated in addictive disorders. The present study investigated the relationships between alpha coherence during the resting state and N2/P3 components of event-related potentials during the Go/Nogo task in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with Internet gaming disorder (IGD). A total of 64 young adults (HC: n = 31; IGD: n = 33) participated in this study. Alpha coherence values at left fronto-central and bilateral centro-temporal electrode sites were significantly correlated with P3 latency in HCs, whereas inverse correlations were observed in patients with IGD. Furthermore, significant differences were observed in the correlation values between the groups. Our results suggest that patients with IGD lack dynamic interactions of functional connectivity between the fronto-centro-temporal regions during the resting state and the event-related potential (ERP) index during cognitive tasks. The findings of this study may have important implications for understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms linking resting-state EEG and task-related ERPs underlying IGD.

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