scholarly journals Biological Role of MYCN in Medulloblastoma: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges Ahead

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumana Shrestha ◽  
Alaide Morcavallo ◽  
Chiara Gorrini ◽  
Louis Chesler
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Paediatric Brain Tumour ◽  
Worse Prognosis ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

The constitutive and dysregulated expression of the transcription factor MYCN has a central role in the pathogenesis of the paediatric brain tumour medulloblastoma, with an increased expression of this oncogene correlating with a worse prognosis. Consequently, the genomic and functional alterations of MYCN represent a major therapeutic target to attenuate tumour growth in medulloblastoma. This review will provide a comprehensive synopsis of the biological role of MYCN and its family components, their interaction with distinct signalling pathways, and the implications of this network in medulloblastoma development. We will then summarise the current toolbox for targeting MYCN and highlight novel therapeutic avenues that have the potential to results in better-tailored clinical treatments.

Molecular Interactions of α-Synuclein, Mitochondria, and Cellular Degradation Pathways in Parkinson's Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-234
Author(s):  
Mansi Verma ◽  
Sujata Basu ◽  
Manisha Singh ◽  
Rachana R. ◽  
Simrat Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Degradation Pathways ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported to be the most common neurodegenerative diseases all over the world. Several proteins are associated and responsible for causing PD. One such protein is α-synuclein. This chapter discusses the role of α-synuclein in PD. Various genetic and epigenetic factors, which cause structural and functional changes for α-synuclein, have been described. Several molecular mechanisms, which are involved in regulating mitochondrial and lysosomal related pathways and are linked to α-synuclein, have been discussed in detail. The knowledge gathered is further discussed in terms of using α-synuclein as a diagnostic marker for PD and as a novel therapeutic target for the same.

scholarly journals Role of Dimerized C16orf74 in Aggressive Pancreatic Cancer: A Novel Therapeutic Target

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Kushibiki ◽  
Toru Nakamura ◽  
Masumi Tsuda ◽  
Takahiro Tsuchikawa ◽  
Koji Hontani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals The Role of DLLs in Cancer: A Novel Therapeutic Target

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 3881-3901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Xi Xiu ◽  
Yuan-Meng Liu ◽  
Bo-hai Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Update on the role of autophagy in systemic lupus erythematosus: A novel therapeutic target

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 190-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingjun Pan ◽  
Caina Gao ◽  
Yanwen Chen ◽  
Yongmin Feng ◽  
Wei Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Biological Role of Transcription Factor Twist1 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Follicular Lymphoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Szablewski Vanessa ◽  
Merindol Natacha ◽  
Ballazin Sophie ◽  
Costes-Martineau Valérie ◽  
Bonnefoy Nathalie
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D3 in signaling pathways – potential anticancer properties of calcitriol and its analogues

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 920-936
Author(s):  
Olga Wiecheć
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Vitamin D, for many years after the discovery, primarily was associated with bone metabolic processes. Currently, many studies indicate its beneficial effect in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, including cancer. However, deficiency of vitamin D is associated with greater tendency to get sick and worse prognosis in treatment, especially cancer. Calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D (1.25(OH)2D3) and its analogues have a pleiotropic activity, including anti-cancer properties. Many studies indicate, that the active forms of vitamin D3 may show anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells by inhibiting the cell cycle, inducing differentiation or leading to apoptosis and enhancing autophagy. Also, extremely important are the possibilities of reducing the invasiveness of tumours through the influence on angiogenesis or adhesion and others. Especially, the anti-cancer role of vitamin D3 is suggested in the case of tumors whose cells express VDR receptors. Interestingly, many cancer cells not only express the VDR receptors, but also due to the expression of CYP27B1 and CYP24A hydroxylases, they can regulate metabolism of calcitriol. Many of the studies using vitamin D3 show that calcitriol and its analogues, due to the influence on cancer cells, can play promising roles in anticancer therapies. Consider the broad pleiotropism of the action of active metabolites of vitamin D3 and the development of research in this field, the current work presents the effect of active forms of vitamin D on some signalling pathways and the regulation of selected proteins in various cancers.

scholarly journals Podocyte bioenergetics in the development of diabetic nephropathy: the role of mitochondria

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Audzeyenka ◽  
Agnieszka Bierżyńska ◽  
Abigail C Lay
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Podocyte Injury ◽  
Underlying Pathogenesis ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Abstract Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney failure, with an increasing incidence worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to occur in DN and has been implicated in the underlying pathogenesis of disease. These complex organelles have an array of important cellular functions and involvement in signalling pathways; and understanding the intricacies of these responses in health, as well as how they are damaged in disease, is likely to highlight novel therapeutic avenues. A key cell type damaged early in DN is the podocyte and increasing studies have focused on investigating the role of mitochondria in podocyte injury. This review will summarise what is known about podocyte mitochondrial dynamics in DN, with a particular focus on bioenergetic pathways, highlighting key studies in this field and potential opportunities to target, enhance or protect podocyte mitochondrial function in the treatment of DN.

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