scholarly journals A Primary Screening Method for Liver Cancer in Chronic Hepatitis B Carriers: A Prospective Community-Based Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maomao Cao ◽  
He Li ◽  
Dianqin Sun ◽  
Siyi He ◽  
Changfa Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Bootstrap Resampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Primary Screening

BackgroundPatients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) were invited to receive ultrasound and alpha-protein examination directly in China. However, not all HBV carriers need to be subjected to further tests. This study aimed to develop a feasible primary screening method to narrow down potential high-risk individuals of liver cancer among populations with HBV.MethodsBased on a prospective community-based cohort, potential risk factors were selected as the predictors, including age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, liver cancer family history, liver diseases in mothers, source of water, body mass index (BMI), and psychological trauma. Cox proportional regression model was applied to predict the 3-year absolute risk of liver cancer and derive risk scores. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and calibration plot were used to assess the performance of the model. Bootstrap resampling was used for internal validation.ResultsAge, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, liver diseases in mothers, and psychological trauma were independent risks of liver cancer. The 1- to 3-year AUROC of the prediction model was 71.15% (95% CI, 66.88–75.42), 71.16% (95% CI, 67.42–74.90), and 72.95% (95% CI, 64.20–81.70), respectively. The predicted risk was calibrated well with the observed liver cancer risk. Bootstrap resampling showed that C-index was 0.70 (0.67–0.74). A 32-point risk score was also developed and a score over 5 was identified for patients at extremely high risk.ConclusionsA user-friendly primary screening method was created that could estimate the 3-year absolute risk of liver cancer and identify extremely high-risk individuals among the population with HBV.

scholarly journals Influences of club connectedness among young adults in Western Australian community-based sports clubs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharyn Burns ◽  
Melissa Evans ◽  
Jonine Jancey ◽  
Linda Portsmouth ◽  
Bruce Maycock
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Team Cohesion ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Risk Levels

Abstract Background: Along with physical benefits, community-based sport provides opportunities to enhance connectedness, an important protective factor of social and emotional health. However, young Australians participating in sport have been found to drink alcohol at higher levels than their non-sporting peers, and many clubs serve unhealthy food and beverages. This study explored the association between the dependent variable, level of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C) and connectedness to club and other health behaviours among young people aged 18-30 years who play club sport in Western Australia.Methods: An online cross sectional survey measured levels of alcohol consumption (AUDIT-C), alcohol-related harm, connectedness (including volunteering and team cohesion), mental wellbeing, healthy food options and club sponsorship among young adults aged 18-30 years involved in sports clubs in Western Australia (n = 242). Relationships and association between the dependent variable (AUDIT-C) and independent variables were assessed.Results: Positive correlations were found between high-risk drinking and club connectedness; team cohesion and club connectedness; mental wellbeing and team cohesion and team cohesion and drinking with team mates and experienced alcohol-related harms. Volunteering was negatively correlated with drinking with team mates and team cohesion. AUDIT-C score was moderately significantly positively correlated with club connectedness (rs = .18, p <.05) and team cohesion (rs = .22, p <.01) Male sportspeople were more likely to drink alcohol at high-risk levels than females (p <.001), and respondents belonging to a club that received alcohol-related sponsorship were more likely to drink at high-risk levels (p = .019). Females were significantly more likely to want healthy food and beverage options provided at their clubs (p = 0.011).Conclusions: Findings from this study may inform policy and practice to enhancing healthy behaviours among young adults participating in community sports clubs in Australia and other countries.

HIGH‐RISK HPV testing as the primary screening method in an organized regional screening program for cervical cancer: the value of HPV16 and HPV18 genotyping?

Apmis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 710-716
Author(s):  
Saara Kares ◽  
Olga Veijalainen ◽  
Ivana Kholová ◽  
Mika Tirkkonen ◽  
Risto Vuento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Two new blood tests for identifying patients with chronic liver diseases, at high risk of primary liver cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. S417
Author(s):  
T. Poynard ◽  
V. Peta ◽  
M. Munteanu ◽  
J. Moussalli ◽  
M. Rudler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Blood Tests

scholarly journals Associations between social network properties and metabolic syndrome and the mediating effect of physical activity: findings from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001272
Author(s):  
Kwanghyun Kim ◽  
Sun Jae Jung ◽  
Jong Min Baek ◽  
Hyeon Woo Yim ◽  
Hyunsuk Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Network Properties

IntroductionSocial isolation and loneliness are positively associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which social isolation affects metabolic syndrome are not well understood.Research design and methodsThis study was designed as a cross-sectional study of baseline results from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Cohort. We included 10 103 participants (8097 community-based low-risk participants, 2006 hospital-based high-risk participants) from the CMERC Cohort. Participants aged 65 years or older were excluded. Multiple imputation by chained equations was applied to impute missing variables. The quantitative properties of social networks were assessed by measuring the ‘size of social networks’; qualitative properties were assessed by measuring the ‘social network closeness’. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess association between social network properties and metabolic syndrome. The mediating effects of physical inactiveness, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms were estimated. Age-specific effect sizes were estimated for each subgroup.ResultsA smaller social network was positively associated with higher prevalences of metabolic syndrome in all subgroups, except the high-risk male subgroup. There was no clear association between social network closeness and metabolic syndrome. In community-based participants, an indirect effect through physical activity was detected in both sexes; however, in hospital-based participants, no indirect effects were detected. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and depression did not mediate the association. Age-specific estimates showed that the indirect effect through physical activity had a greater impact in older participants.ConclusionsA smaller social network is positively associated with metabolic syndrome. This trend could be partially explained by physical inactivity, especially in older individuals.

scholarly journals Budget Impact Analysis Of High-Risk Hpv Dna (Hrhpv) Test With 16/18 Genotyping As A Primary Screening Method For Cervical Cancer In Greece

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. A349 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Skroumpelos ◽  
T Agorastos ◽  
K Chatzistamatiou ◽  
T Akalestos ◽  
N Poulios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Budget Impact ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Budget Impact Analysis ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
High Risk Hpv

scholarly journals Alcohol drinking and risks of liver cancer and non-neoplastic chronic liver diseases in China: a 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million adults

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pek Kei Im ◽  
Iona Y. Millwood ◽  
Christiana Kartsonaki ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Yiping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for hepatic neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. Questions remain, however, about the relevance to disease risk of drinking patterns and alcohol tolerability, which differ appreciably between Chinese and Western populations. Methods The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank included 512,715 adults (41% men) aged 30–79 years recruited from ten areas during 2004–2008, recording alcohol intake, drinking patterns, and other characteristics. After median 10 years’ follow-up, 2531 incident liver cancer, 2040 liver cirrhosis, 260 alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and 1262 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases were recorded among 492,643 participants without prior cancer or chronic liver disease at baseline. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) relating alcohol intake and drinking patterns to each disease. Results Overall, 33% of men and 2% of women drank alcohol regularly (i.e. at least weekly) at baseline. Among male current regular drinkers, alcohol consumption showed positive dose-response associations with risks of several major chronic liver diseases, with HRs per 280 g/week (i.e. around four drinks/day) higher usual alcohol intake of 1.44 (95% CI 1.23–1.69) for liver cancer (n = 547), 1.83 (1.60–2.09) for liver cirrhosis (n = 388), 2.01 (1.77–2.28) for ALD (n = 200), 1.71 (1.35–2.16) for NAFLD (n = 198), and 1.52 (1.40–1.64) for total liver disease (n = 1775). The association with ALD appeared stronger among men reporting flushing (i.e., with low alcohol tolerance). After adjustment for the total amount of weekly alcohol consumption, daily drinkers had significantly increased risk of ALD (2.15, 1.40–3.31) compared with non-daily drinkers, and drinking without meals was associated with significantly greater risks of liver cancer (1.32, 1.01–1.72), liver cirrhosis (1.37, 1.02–1.85), and ALD (1.60, 1.09–2.33) compared with drinking with meals. Female current regular drinkers had significantly higher risk of ALD, but not other liver diseases, than female abstainers. Conclusions In Chinese men, alcohol intake was associated with significantly increased risks of several major chronic liver diseases, and certain drinking patterns (e.g. drinking daily, drinking without meals) may further exacerbate the disease risks.

A Community Based High Risk Register for Hearing Loss

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Fitch ◽  
Thomas F. Williams ◽  
Josephine E. Etienne
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
System Identification ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss

The critical need to identify children with hearing loss and provide treatment at the earliest possible age has become increasingly apparent in recent years (Northern & Downs, 1978). Reduction of the auditory signal during the critical language-learning period can severely limit the child's potential for developing a complete, effective communication system. Identification and treatment of children having handicapping conditions at an early age has gained impetus through the Handicapped Children's Early Education Program (HCEEP) projects funded by the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (BEH).

A Community Based High Risk Register for Hearing Loss

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Community Based

For the November 1982 JSHD article, "A Community Based High Risk Register for Hearing Loss," the author would like to acknowledge three additional individuals who made valuable contributions to the study. They are Marie Carrier, Gene Lyon, and Bobbie Robertson.

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