scholarly journals Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch and Its Main Bioactive Components: Recent Advances in Pharmacological Activity, Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqi Zhao ◽  
Fangling Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Xiao ◽  
Zhao Wu ◽  
Qichao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Tripterygium Hypoglaucum ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Combined Medication

Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch (THH) is believed to play an important role in health care and disease treatment according to traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, it is also the representative of medicine with both significant efficacy and potential toxicity. This characteristic causes THH hard for embracing and fearing. In order to verify its prospect for clinic, a wide variety of studies were carried out in the most recent years. However, there has not been any review about THH yet. Therefore, this review summarized its characteristic of components, pharmacological effect, pharmacokinetics and toxicity to comprehensively shed light on the potential clinical application. More than 120 secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, sugars, organic acids, oleanolic acid, polysaccharides and other components were found in THH based on phytochemical research. All these components might be the pharmacological bases for immunosuppression, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effect. In addition, recent studies found that THH and its bioactive compounds also demonstrated remarkable effect on obesity, insulin resistance, fertility and infection of virus. The main mechanism seemed to be closely related to regulation the balance of immune, inflammation, apoptosis and so on in various disease. Furthermore, the study of pharmacokinetics revealed quick elimination of the main component triptolide. The feature of celastrol was also investigated by several models. Finally, the side effect of THH was thought to be the key for its limitation in clinical application. A series of reports indicated that multiple organs or systems including liver, kidney and genital system were involved in the toxicity. Its potential serious problem in liver was paid specific attention in recent years. In summary, considering the significant effect and potential toxicity of THH as well as its components, the combined medication to inhibit the toxicity, maintain effect might be a promising method for clinical conversion. Modern advanced technology such as structure optimization might be another way to reach the efficacy and safety. Thus, THH is still a crucial plant which remains for further investigation.

scholarly journals Proteases as therapeutics

2011 ◽  
Vol 435 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Craik ◽  
Michael J. Page ◽  
Edwin L. Madison
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Class ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Plasma Fractions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Delivery Options

Proteases are an expanding class of drugs that hold great promise. The U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved 12 protease therapies, and a number of next generation or completely new proteases are in clinical development. Although they are a well-recognized class of targets for inhibitors, proteases themselves have not typically been considered as a drug class despite their application in the clinic over the last several decades; initially as plasma fractions and later as purified products. Although the predominant use of proteases has been in treating cardiovascular disease, they are also emerging as useful agents in the treatment of sepsis, digestive disorders, inflammation, cystic fibrosis, retinal disorders, psoriasis and other diseases. In the present review, we outline the history of proteases as therapeutics, provide an overview of their current clinical application, and describe several approaches to improve and expand their clinical application. Undoubtedly, our ability to harness proteolysis for disease treatment will increase with our understanding of protease biology and the molecular mechanisms responsible. New technologies for rationally engineering proteases, as well as improved delivery options, will expand greatly the potential applications of these enzymes. The recognition that proteases are, in fact, an established class of safe and efficacious drugs will stimulate investigation of additional therapeutic applications for these enzymes. Proteases therefore have a bright future as a distinct therapeutic class with diverse clinical applications.

scholarly journals Photopharmacology of Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras: A New Frontier for Drug Discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenxin Zeng ◽  
Hongjie Zhang ◽  
Zhengrong Shen ◽  
Wenhai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Biological Tool ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Target Effects

Photopharmacology is an emerging field that uses light to precisely control drug activity. This strategy promises to improve drug specificity for reducing off-target effects. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an advanced technology engineered to degrade pathogenic proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system for disease treatment. This approach has the potential to target the undruggable proteome via event-driven pharmacology. Recently, the combination strategy of photopharmacology and PROTACs has gained tremendous momentum for its use in the discovery and development of new therapies. This review systematically focuses on PROTAC-based photopharmacology. Herein, we provide an overview of the new and vibrant research on photoPROTACs, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach as a biological tool, and outline the challenges it faces in a clinical setting.

Road to Future: iPSC Clinical Application in Parkinson’s Disease Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1412-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xu ◽  
Y. Tan ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
L Wang ◽  
H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Disease Treatment

scholarly journals Vitamin D status in Bangladeshi subjects: a laboratory based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Monwarul Islam ◽  
Md Nayeemul Hasan ◽  
Kazi Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Asaduzzaman ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Diagnostic Centre

Background: Vitamin D plays important role in normal functioning of multiple organs of the body. Hypovitaminosis D is known to be prevalent worldwide including the tropical countries. The present study was carried out to evaluate the vitamin D status in Bangladeshi patients undergoing laboratory investigation for vitamin D. Methods: This was a laboratory-based study. Data were extracted from the database of a diagnostic centre of Dhaka city and were analysed. Vitamin D status was defined as follows: deficiency 0 to <20 ng/ml, insufficiency 20 to <30 ng/ml, sufficiency 30-100 ng/ml and potential toxicity >100 ng/ml. Results: A total of 793 plasma vitamin D level reports were analysed. Out of 793 subjects, 269 (33.9%) were male and 524 (66.1%) were female. Majority (62.0%) were between 21 and 60 years of age. Mean (+/- standard deviation) vitamin D level of the study subjects was 21.66 (+/- 18.63) ng/ml. Eighty-six percent had hypovitaminosis D; 61.4% had deficiency and 24.1% had insufficiency. Vitamin D level was found sufficient in 13.1% subjects. Among the deficient subjects, 31.6% were male and 68.4% were female; among the insufficient subjects, 35.1% were male and 64.9% were female. Sixty-eight percent of the deficient subjects belonged to the 21 to 60 year age group, whereas 57.1% of the insufficient subjects were between 21 and 60 years. Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is common among the real-world clinical subjects undergoing vitamin D estimation in Bangladesh. Middle-aged females are more likely to be affected Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 202-206

A multi-responsive biomimetic nano-complex platform for enhanced gene delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (37) ◽  
pp. 5910-5921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Bai ◽  
Ming Kong ◽  
Xuanjin Wu ◽  
Chao Feng ◽  
Hyunjin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Promising Technology ◽  
Delivery Vehicles

RNA interference (RNAi) is widely regarded as a promising technology for disease treatment, yet one major obstacle for its clinical application is the lack of enhanced siRNA delivery vehicles to circumvent complex extra- and intracellular barriers.

scholarly journals Clinical Application and Progress of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Liver Diseases: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinpei Gu ◽  
Qin Lu ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
Zhewei Tang ◽  
Liuxi Chu
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Healthy Donors

AbstractThe human gut harbors a dense and highly diverse microbiota of approximately 1,000 bacterial species. The interaction between the host and gut bacteria strongly influences human health. Numerous evidence suggest that intestinal flora imbalance is closely associated with the development and treatment of liver diseases, including acute liver injury and chronic liver diseases (cirrhosis, autoimmune liver disease, and fatty liver). Therefore, regulating the gut microbiota is expected to be a new method for the adjuvant treatment of liver diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is defined as the transplantation of gut microbiota from healthy donors to sick patients via the upper or lower gastrointestinal route to restore the normal intestinal balance. In this study, we briefly review the current research on the gut microbiota and its link to liver diseases and then summarize the evidence to elucidate the clinical application and development of FMT in liver disease treatment.

Echocardiography. Clinical application in mitral stenosis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Mitral Stenosis

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

Enhancing Clinical Supervision Using High-Definition Real-Time Digital Recording, Annotation, and Bluetooth Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Means ◽  
Casey McCaffrey
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Recording Technology ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Additional Data Collection

Purpose The use of real-time recording technology for clinical instruction allows student clinicians to more easily collect data, self-reflect, and move toward independence as supervisors continue to provide continuation of supportive methods. This article discusses how the use of high-definition real-time recording, Bluetooth technology, and embedded annotation may enhance the supervisory process. It also reports results of graduate students' perception of the benefits and satisfaction with the types of technology used. Method Survey data were collected from graduate students about their use and perceived benefits of advanced technology to support supervision during their 1st clinical experience. Results Survey results indicate that students found the use of their video recordings useful for self-evaluation, data collection, and therapy preparation. The students also perceived an increase in self-confidence through the use of the Bluetooth headsets as their supervisors could provide guidance and encouragement without interrupting the flow of their therapy sessions by entering the room to redirect them. Conclusions The use of video recording technology can provide opportunities for students to review: videos of prospective clients they will be treating, their treatment videos for self-assessment purposes, and for additional data collection. Bluetooth technology provides immediate communication between the clinical educator and the student. Students reported that the result of that communication can improve their self-confidence, perceived performance, and subsequent shift toward independence.

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