scholarly journals A Synergistic Transcriptional Regulation of Olfactory Genes Drives Blood-Feeding Associated Complex Behavioral Responses in the Mosquito Anopheles culicifacies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwee Das De ◽  
Tina Thomas ◽  
Sonia Verma ◽  
Deepak Singla ◽  
Charu Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies

scholarly journals A synergistic transcriptional regulation of olfactory genes derives complex behavioral responses in the mosquito Anopheles culicifacies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwee Das De ◽  
Tina Thomas ◽  
Sonia Verma ◽  
Deepak Singla ◽  
Charu Rawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Female Mosquito ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Adult Female Mosquito

AbstractDecoding the molecular basis of host seeking and blood feeding behavioral evolution/adaptation in the adult female mosquito may provide an opportunity to design new molecular strategy to disrupt human-mosquito interactions. However, despite the great progress in the field of mosquito olfaction and chemo-detection, little is known that how the sex-specific specialization of the olfactory system enables adult female mosquitoes to derive and manage complex blood feeding associated behavioral responses. A comprehensive RNAseq analysis of prior and post blood meal olfactory system of An. culicifacies mosquito revealed that a minor but unique change in the nature and regulation of key olfactory genes play a pivotal role in managing diverse behavioral responses. Age dependent transcriptional profiling demonstrated that adult female mosquito’s chemosensory system gradually learned and matured to drive the host-seeking and blood feeding behavior at the age of 5-6 days. A zeitgeber time scale expression analysis of Odorant Binding Proteins (OBPs) unravels unique association with a late evening to midnight peak biting time. Blood meal-induced switching of unique sets of OBP genes and Odorant Receptors (ORs) expression coincides with the change in the innate physiological status of the mosquitoes. Blood meal follows up experiments provide enough evidence that how a synergistic and concurrent action of OBPs-ORs may drive ‘prior and post blood meal’ complex behavioral events. Finally, tissue-specific gene expression analysis and molecular modelling predicted two uncharacterized novel sensory appendages proteins (SAP-1 & SAP2) unique to An. culicifacies mosquito and may play a central role in the host-seeking behavior.SignificanceEvolution and adaptation of blood feeding behavior not only favored the reproductive success of adult female mosquito but also make them an important disease vectors. Immediately after emergence, an environmental exposure may favor the broadly tuned olfactory system of mosquitoes to derive complex behavioral responses. But, how these olfactory derived genetic factors manage female specific ‘pre and post’ blood meal associated complex behavioral responses are not well known. We unraveled synergistic actions of olfactory factors governs an innate to prime learning strategy to facilitate rapid blood meal acquisition and downstream behavioral activities. A species-specific transcriptional profiling and an in-silico analysis predict novel ‘sensory appendages protein’, as a unique target to design disorientation strategy against the mosquito Anopheles culicifacies.

scholarly journals Sex specific molecular responses of quick-to-court protein in Indian malarial vector Anopheles culicifacies : conflict of mating versus blood feeding behaviour

Heliyon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. e00361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwee Das De ◽  
Punita Sharma ◽  
Charu Rawal ◽  
Seena Kumari ◽  
Sanjay Tavetiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Malarial Vector

scholarly journals Efficacy evaluation of Veeralin LN, a PBO-incorporated alpha-cypermethrin long-lasting insecticidal net against Anopheles culicifacies in experimental huts in Odisha State

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran Kasinathan ◽  
Sudhansu Sekhar Sahu ◽  
Nallan Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Mohammed Mustafa Baig ◽  
Sonia Thankachy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Huts ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background The success of malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is threatened by pyrethroid resistance developed by the malaria vectors, worldwide. To combat the resistance, synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) incorporated LLINs is one of the available options. In the current phase II hut trial, the efficacy of Veeralin®LN (an alpha-cypermethrin and PBO-incorporated net) was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies, a pyrethroid resistant malaria vector. Methods The performance of Veeralin®LN was compared with MAGNet®LN and untreated net in reducing the entry, induced exit, mortality and blood feeding inhibition of target vector species. Results The performance of Veeralin was equal to MAGNet in terms of reducing hut entry, inhibiting blood feeding and inducing exophily, and with regard to causing mortality Veeralin was better than MAGNet. When compared to untreated net, a significant reduction in hut entry and blood feeding and an increase in exophily and mortality were observed with Veeralin. In cone bioassays, unwashed Veeralin caused > 80% mortality of An. culicifacies. Conclusions Veeralin performed equal to (entry, exit, feeding) or better than (mortality in huts and cone bioassays) MAGNet and could be an effective tool against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors.

scholarly journals Resolving the conflict of mating versus blood feeding: exploring role of quick-to-court gene in the mosquito Anopheles culicifacies

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Tanwee Das De ◽  
Punita Sharma ◽  
Charu Rawal ◽  
Seena Kumari ◽  
Sanjay Tavetiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies

scholarly journals Non-canonical transcriptional regulation of heme oxygenase in Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Bottino-Rojas ◽  
Luiza O. R. Pereira ◽  
Gabriela Silva ◽  
Octavio A. C. Talyuli ◽  
Boris C. Dunkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Tor Pathway

Abstract Heme oxygenase (HO) is a ubiquitous enzyme responsible for heme breakdown, which yields carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin (BV) and ferrous ion. Here we show that the Aedes aegypti heme oxygenase gene (AeHO – AAEL008136) is expressed in different developmental stages and tissues. AeHO expression increases after a blood meal in the midgut, and its maximal transcription levels overlaps with the maximal rate of the further modified A. aegypti biglutaminyl-biliverdin (AeBV) pigment production. HO is a classical component of stress response in eukaryotic cells, being activated under oxidative stress or increased heme levels. Indeed, the final product of HO activity in the mosquito midgut, AeBV, exerts a protective antioxidant activity. AeHO, however, does not seem to be under a classical redox-sensitive transcriptional regulation, being unresponsive to heme itself, and even down regulated when insects face a pro-oxidant insult. In contrast, AeHO gene expression responds to nutrient sensing mechanisms, through the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. This unusual transcriptional control of AeHO, together with the antioxidant properties of AeBV, suggests that heme degradation by HO, in addition to its important role in protection of Aedes aegypti against heme exposure, also acts as a digestive feature, being an essential adaptation to blood feeding.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Hemolysis of erythrocytes by the hemolytic system from the blood-feeding stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 690-691
Author(s):  
H. J. Kirch ◽  
G. Spates ◽  
R. Droleskey ◽  
W.J. Kloft ◽  
J.R. DeLoach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Erythrocyte Lysis ◽  
Mammalian Blood ◽  
Bovine Erythrocytes ◽  
Potential Tool

Blood feeding insects have to rely on the protein content of mammalian blood to insure reproduction. A substantial quantity of protein is provided by hemoglobin present in erythrocytes. Access to hemoglobin is accomplished only via erythrocyte lysis. It has been shown that midgut homogenates from the blood feeding stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, contain free fatty acids and it was proposed that these detergent-like compounds play a major role as hemolysins in the digestive physiology of this species. More recently sphingomyelinase activity was detected in midgut preparations of this fly, which would provide a potential tool for the enzymatic cleavage of the erythrocyte's membrane sphingomyelin. The action of specific hemolytic factors should affect the erythrocyte's morphology. The shape of bovine erythrocytes undergoing in vitro hemolysis by crude midgut homogenates from the stable fly was examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

Interplay between Pur α and Egr-1 in the transcriptional regulation of amyloid precursor protein gene expression

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S27-S27
Author(s):  
Jianqi Cui ◽  
Xiuying Pei ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Bassel E. Sawaya ◽  
Xiaohong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene

A Clinical Study of Twenty-seven Children Exhibiting Functional Hearing Loss

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. McCanna ◽  
Giacinto DeLapa
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Upper Elementary ◽  
Elementary Grades ◽  
Ability Level ◽  
Hearing Problem

This report reviews 27 cases of children exhibiting functional hearing loss. The study reveals that most students were in the upper elementary grades and were predominantly females. These subjects were functioning below their ability level in school and were usually in conflict with school, home, or peers. Tests used were selected on the basis of their helping to provide early identification. The subjects' oral and behavioral responses are presented, as well as ways of resolving the hearing problem. Some helpful counseling techniques are also presented.

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