Greater Short-Time Recovery of Peripheral Fatigue After Short- Compared With Long-Duration Time Trial

Sustained physical exercise leads to a reduced capacity to produce voluntary force that typically outlasts the exercise bout. This “fatigue” can be due both to impaired muscle function, termed “peripheral fatigue,” and a reduction in the capacity of the central nervous system to activate muscles, termed “central fatigue.” In this review we consider the factors that determine the recovery of voluntary force generating capacity after various types of exercise. After brief, high-intensity exercise there is typically a rapid restitution of force that is due to recovery of central fatigue (typically within 2 min) and aspects of peripheral fatigue associated with excitation-contraction coupling and reperfusion of muscles (typically within 3–5 min). Complete recovery of muscle function may be incomplete for some hours, however, due to prolonged impairment in intracellular Ca2+ release or sensitivity. After low-intensity exercise of long duration, voluntary force typically shows rapid, partial, recovery within the first few minutes, due largely to recovery of the central, neural component. However, the ability to voluntarily activate muscles may not recover completely within 30 min after exercise. Recovery of peripheral fatigue contributes comparatively little to the fast initial force restitution and is typically incomplete for at least 20–30 min. Work remains to identify what factors underlie the prolonged central fatigue that usually accompanies long-duration single joint and locomotor exercise and to document how the time course of neuromuscular recovery is affected by exercise intensity and duration in locomotor exercise. Such information could be useful to enhance rehabilitation and sports performance.

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Observations of High-Frequency Activity of EV Lacertae

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100034667 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 82-84

Author(s):

B.E. Zhilyaev ◽

I.A. Verlyuk

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

X Rays ◽

Long Duration ◽

Cataclysmic Binaries ◽

Wide Range ◽

Classical Models ◽

Low Mass ◽

Ev Lac ◽

Short Time

The flare star EV Lac shows a wide variety of activity phenomena on a wide range of time scales. These are the well-known “classical” solar-like flares, the short-time flare events (Gershberg & Petrov 1986, Karapetian & Zalinian 1991, Tovmassian & Zalinian 1988, Tsvetkov et al. 1986, Zhilyaev 1994), and the long-duration variations caused by starspots and rotation (Petterson 1980). However, the “classical” flares are not such a frequent phenomenon as one gets used to think. As noted by Roizman & Kabitchev (1985), a considerable fraction of flares shows a complicated multipeak structure with sudden onset and decay. Their interpretation along the lines of classical models favored for solar-like flares is very problematic.Here, we report the detection of high-frequency chaotic variability (flickering) in EV Lac. Optical flickering is observed in cataclysmic binaries, and in X-rays it is observed in low-mass X-ray binaries. As a rule, flickering is an accretion phenomenon. Strange as it may seem, EV Lac as a visual binary has the analogous property.

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NUMERICAL EVALUATION ON LOAD CARRYING CAPACITIES OF STEEL BRIDGE PIERS DURING LONG DURATION TIME MOTIONS

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)) ◽

10.2208/jscejseee.71.i_807 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. I_807-I_814

Author(s):

Takeshi KITAHARA ◽

Yusuke KISHI ◽

Takuma SUZUKI ◽

Takashi YAMAGUCHI

Keyword(s):

Numerical Evaluation ◽

Bridge Piers ◽

Steel Bridge ◽

Duration Time ◽

Long Duration ◽

Load Carrying

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Misting-free diamond surface created by sheet electron beam irradiation

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2001.0079 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 553-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Kazuya Oguri ◽

Nobuhiro Iwataka ◽

Akira Tonegawa ◽

Yoichi Hirose ◽

Kazuo Takayama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Electron Beam Irradiation ◽

Diamond Surface ◽

Beam Irradiation ◽

Duration Time ◽

Clear Vision ◽

Sheet Electron Beam ◽

Short Time

We developed a diamond surface that does not mist near the room temperature under a saturated humidity atmosphere, by sheet electron beam irradiation (SEBI) treatment. SEBI treatment decreased the time to clear vision of the diamond surface. Following SEBI treatment for 1.91 s (= 0.72 MGy) to a diamond surface, the time to clear vision was less than 2 s. The effective duration time was a few hours. Based on the results of the size distribution of the drops on the misting-free diamond surface following blowing for 3 s, we proposed an explanation for the short time to clear vision of the diamond surface treated by SEBI.

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NATIONAL SCALE MULTI-HAZARD MODEL PLATFORM FOR EXTREME CYCLONE IMPACTS ON COASTS AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Coastal Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.9753/icce.v36.risk.105 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

David Taylor ◽

Joanna Aldridge ◽

Jarrod Dent ◽

Jim Churchill

Keyword(s):

Storm Surge ◽

Extreme Event ◽

Hazard Model ◽

Model System ◽

Process Models ◽

Long Duration ◽

Hazard And Risk ◽

Australian Coastline ◽

Model Platform ◽

Short Time

Extreme event impacts on coastlines and infrastructure is often driven by a combination of processes and factors. In cyclone (hurricane) prone coastlines, wind, rain, storm surge, tide and waves can all contribute to damage and loss of infrastructure. With increasing value of coastal assets, hazard and risk management is increasingly assessing multi-hazard impacts from extreme events, and cumulative damage from multiple events within short time frames. A novel multi-hazard model system has been developed to assess cyclone hazards on the Australian coastline from a combination of wind, rain, tide, storm surge and wave impacts. The model system is capable of deriving return period hazard levels for single and combined hazards, and also long-duration, for example 10,000 year duration, event sets to analyze cumulative impacts. The hazard model system is comprised of high-resolution, calibrated process models addressing the various physical processes that contribute to the overall hazard.

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Some climatological features of thunderstorms at Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode airports

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v52i2.1702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 357-364

Author(s):

K. SANTHOSH ◽

R. SARASA KUMARI ◽

V. K. GANGADHARAN ◽

N. V. SASIDHARAN

Keyword(s):

Thunderstorm Activity ◽

Post Monsoon ◽

Duration Time ◽

Long Duration

The average monthly frequency of thunderstorms, its annual and monthly frequency of duration, time of commencement and frequency of thunderstorms in relation to duration and time of commencement at three aerodrome stations of Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi and Kozhikode have been presented in this paper. It is found that thunderstorm activity is maximum in pre-monsoon months at Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi and in post monsoon months at Kozhikode. Majority of the thunderstorms are of duration less than three hours and have a preference to commence between 9 and 18 UTC in all stations whereas long duration thunderstorms generally commence between 9 and 15 UTC.

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Migration enhancement on ZnSe surface in photoassisted molecular beam epitaxy and long duration time of the effects

Journal of Crystal Growth ◽

10.1016/0022-0248(94)90773-0 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 138 (1-4) ◽

pp. 14-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Ichikawa ◽

N. Matsumura ◽

K. Yamawaki ◽

K. Senga ◽

J. Saraie

Keyword(s):

Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽

Molecular Beam ◽

Duration Time ◽

Long Duration

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The Early Effects of Prefrontal Leucotomy on Disturbed Patients with Mental Illness of Long Duration

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.89.375.182 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 89 (375) ◽

pp. 182-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

E. Cunningham Dax ◽

E. J. Radley Smith

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Progress Report ◽

Long Duration ◽

Early Effects ◽

Short Time

The following findings apply to 50 cases who were operated upon in the last six months of 1942. The very short time which has elapsed since the operations were performed makes it necessary to treat the results with the greatest reserve. It is therefore hoped that this account will be regarded as a progress report.

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