scholarly journals Antioxidant and Protective Effects of Artemisia campestris Essential Oil Against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Kidney and Liver Injuries in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mongi Saoudi ◽  
Riadh Badraoui ◽  
Fatma Rahmouni ◽  
Kamel Jamoussi ◽  
Abdelfattah El Feki
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Injuries ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Artemisia Campestris ◽  
Morphologic Changes ◽  
Histopathologic Features

This study is aimed to elucidate the possible antioxidant and protective effects of Artemisia campestris essential oil (ACEO) against the deleterious effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats. The in vivo study revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and the serum contents of creatinine, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins (LDL), and glucose in rats treated with CPF as compared to controls. Meanwhile, hepatic and renal activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver and kidney decreased and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Some histopathologic features were noticed in liver and kidney of the CPF group. Interestingly, ACEO alleviated the biochemical disruptions and reduced these hepato-renal morphologic changes.

Effects of oxidized low-density lipoproteins on the hepatic microvasculature

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. G684-G693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Oteiza ◽  
Ruomei Li ◽  
Robert S. McCuskey ◽  
Bård Smedsrød ◽  
Karen Kristine Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Hepatic Microcirculation ◽  
Oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) are involved in proinflammatory and cytotoxic events in different microcirculatory systems. The liver is an important scavenger organ for circulating oxLDLs. However, the interaction of oxLDL with the hepatic microcirculation has been poorly investigated. The present study was conducted to examine the effects of differently modified oxLDLs on the hepatic microvasculature. C57Bl/6J mice were injected intravenously with low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or LDL oxidized for 3 h (oxLDL3) or 24 h (oxLDL24), at doses resembling oxLDL plasma levels in cardiovascular disease patients. Radioiodinated ligands were used to measure blood decay and organ distribution, and nonlabeled ligands to evaluate microcirculatory responses, examined by in vivo microscopy 30–60 min after ligand injection, immunohistochemistry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Mildly oxLDL (oxLDL3) was cleared from blood at a markedly slower rate than heavily oxLDL (oxLDL24), but significantly faster than LDL ( P < 0.01). Injected oxLDLs distributed to liver. OxLDL effects were most pronounced in central areas of the liver lobules where oxLDL3elicited a significant ( P < 0.05) reduction in perfused sinusoids, and both oxLDL3and oxLDL24significantly increased the numbers of swollen endothelial cells and adherent leukocytes compared with LDL ( P < 0.05). OxLDL-treated livers also exhibited increased intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 centrilobular staining. Electron microscopy showed a 30% increased thickness of the liver sinusoidal endothelium in the oxLDL3group ( P < 0.05) and a reduced sinusoidal fenestration in centrilobular areas with increased oxidation of LDL ( P for linear trend <0.05). In conclusion, OxLDL induced several acute changes in the liver microvasculature, which may lead to sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Anti-Tumor Effects of the Polysaccharide Isolated from Tarphochlamys Affinis in H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1040-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Tang ◽  
Jianchun Huang ◽  
Hao Xiong ◽  
Keyuan Zhang ◽  
Chunxia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Background: The previous studies have demonstrated that the polysaccharide isolated from Tarphochlamys affinis (PTA) exhibits anti-tumor effect on S180 tumor-bearing mice and protective effects against hepatic injury. Methods: In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity and possible underlying mechanism of PTA on liver cancer using a murine H22 hepatocarcinoma model. Results: PTA was capable of repressing transplanted H22 solid hepatic tumor cell growth in vivo. The relative weight of immune organs (spleen and thymus) and lymphocyte proliferation induced by ConA or LPS were improved after PTA treatment. Furthermore, treatment with PTA promoted immune-stimulating serum cytokine secretion in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells was increased in tumor-bearing mice following PTA administration. In tumor tissue, PTA significantly up-regulated the expression of Bax and p53 proteins and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein. In addition, at the therapeutic dose, PTA displayed very few toxic effects to major organs, such as the liver and kidney, in tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: In H22 tumor-bearing mice, PTA exhibited prominent anti-tumor activity in vivo. The possible mechanism of action might be related to enhanced host immune system function and induction of H22 tumor cell apoptosis.

scholarly journals Macrophages Create an Acidic Extracellular Hydrolytic Compartment to Digest Aggregated Lipoproteins

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 4932-4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail S. Haka ◽  
Inna Grosheva ◽  
Ethan Chiang ◽  
Adina R. Buxbaum ◽  
Barbara A. Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Physical Features

A critical event in atherogenesis is the interaction of macrophages with subendothelial lipoproteins. Although most studies model this interaction by incubating macrophages with monomeric lipoproteins, macrophages in vivo encounter lipoproteins that are aggregated. The physical features of the lipoproteins require distinctive mechanisms for their uptake. We show that macrophages create an extracellular, acidic, hydrolytic compartment to carry out digestion of aggregated low-density lipoproteins. We demonstrate delivery of lysosomal contents to these specialized compartments and their acidification by vacuolar ATPase, enabling aggregate catabolism by lysosomal acid hydrolases. We observe transient sealing of portions of the compartments, allowing formation of an “extracellular” proton gradient. An increase in free cholesterol is observed in aggregates contained in these compartments. Thus, cholesteryl ester hydrolysis can occur extracellularly in a specialized compartment, a lysosomal synapse, during the interaction of macrophages with aggregated low-density lipoprotein. A detailed understanding of these processes is essential for developing strategies to prevent atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Protective effect of essential oil of Cinnamomum verum bark on hepatic and renal toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 606-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Bellassoued ◽  
Ferdaws Ghrab ◽  
Houda Hamed ◽  
Rim Kallel ◽  
Jos van Pelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Renal Toxicity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The inner bark of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is widely used as a spice. Cinnamon plants are also a valuable source of essential oil used for medicinal purposes. The present study aimed to investigate the composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of essential oil of C. verum bark (CvEO) and its protective effects in vivo on CCl4-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats. Groups of animals were pretreated for 7 days with CvEO (70 or 100 mg/kg body weight) or received no treatment and on day 7 a single dose of CCl4 was used to induce oxidative stress. Twenty-four hours after CCl4 administration, the animals were euthanized. In the untreated group, CCl4 induced an increase in serum biochemical parameters and triggered oxidative stress in both liver and kidneys. CvEO (100 mg/kg) caused significant reductions in CCl4-elevated levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, urea, and creatinine and increased the level of high-density lipoprotein compared with the untreated group. Moreover, pretreatment with CvEO at doses of 70 and 100 mg/kg before administration of CCl4 produced significant reductions in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein carbonyl levels in liver and kidney tissues compared with the untreated group. The formation of pathological hepatic and kidney lesions induced by the administration of CCl4 was strongly prevented by CvEO at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Overall, this study suggests that administration of CvEO has high potential to quench free radicals and alleviate CCl4-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats.

scholarly journals Aggregation and fusion of low-density lipoproteins in vivo and in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxiao Lu ◽  
Olga Gursky
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Droplet Formation ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Lipid Droplet Formation

AbstractLow-density lipoproteins (LDLs, also known as ‘bad cholesterol’) are the major carriers of circulating cholesterol and the main causative risk factor of atherosclerosis. Plasma LDLs are 20- to 25-nm nanoparticles containing a core of cholesterol esters surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and a single copy of apolipoprotein B (550 kDa). An early sign of atherosclerosis is the accumulation of LDL-derived lipid droplets in the arterial wall. According to the widely accepted ‘response-to-retention hypothesis’, LDL binding to the extracellular matrix proteoglycans in the arterial intima induces hydrolytic and oxidative modifications that promote LDL aggregation and fusion. This enhances LDL uptake by the arterial macrophages and triggers a cascade of pathogenic responses that culminate in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Hence, LDL aggregation, fusion, and lipid droplet formation are important early steps in atherogenesis. In vitro, a variety of enzymatic and nonenzymatic modifications of LDL can induce these reactions and thereby provide useful models for their detailed analysis. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the in vivo and in vitro modifications of LDLs leading to their aggregation, fusion, and lipid droplet formation; outline the techniques used to study these reactions; and propose a molecular mechanism that underlies these pro-atherogenic processes. Such knowledge is essential in identifying endogenous and exogenous factors that can promote or prevent LDL aggregation and fusion in vivo and to help establish new potential therapeutic targets to decelerate or even block these pathogenic reactions.

Probucol protects low-density lipoproteins from in vitro and in vivo oxidation

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bittolo-Bon ◽  
Giuseppe Cazzolato ◽  
Pietro Avogaro
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density
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