scholarly journals Integrated Microbiome–Metabolome Analysis Reveals Stage-Dependent Alterations in Bacterial Degradation of Aromatics in Leptinotarsa decemlineata

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Nan Kang ◽  
Lin Jin ◽  
Hong-Yu Ma ◽  
Guo-Qing Li
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatics ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Bacterial Genes

To avoid potential harm during pupation, the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata lives in two different habitats throughout its developmental excursion, with the larva and adult settling on potato plants and the pupa in soil. Potato plants and agricultural soil contain a specific subset of aromatics. In the present study, we intended to determine whether the stage-specific bacterial flora plays a role in the catabolism of aromatics in L. decemlineata. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) obtained by sequencing of culture-independent 16S rRNA region enriched a group of bacterial genes involved in the elimination of mono- and polycyclic aromatics at the pupal stage compared with those at the larval and adult periods. Consistently, metabolome analysis revealed that dozens of monoaromatics such as styrene, benzoates, and phenols, polycyclic aromatics, for instance, naphthalene and steroids, were more abundant in the pupal sample. Moreover, a total of seven active pathways were uncovered in the pupal specimen. These ways were associated with the biodegradation of benzoate, 4-methoxybenzoate, fluorobenzoates, styrene, vanillin, benzamide, and naphthalene. In addition, the metabolomic profiles and the catabolism abilities were significantly different in the pupae where their bacteria were removed by a mixture of three antibiotics. Therefore, our data suggested the stage-dependent alterations in bacterial breakdown of aromatics in L. decemlineata.

ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIAL FLORA IN SOLANUM TUBEROSUM AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN BACTERIAL RING ROT DIAGNOSIS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. DE BOER ◽  
R. J. COPEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Ring Rot ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Corynebacterium Sepedonicum ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Significant Difference

The aerobic endophytic bacterial population in "healthy" potato plants was found to vary from fewer than 1 × 103 to 4.2 × 107 cells/cm3 of stem tissue and from 0 to 1.6 × 104 cells/cm3 in tubers. No significant correlation was found between the bacterial population in stems and tubers of the same plant, nor was there a significant difference in the bacterial populations of virus-free plants when compared with PVX-infected plants. Strains of Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Xanthomonas, Agrobacterium, and coryneforms were isolated in addition to several isolates that could not be identified. All isolates were nonpathogenic, including the coryneforms, some of which were morphologically indistinguishable from Corynebacterium sepedonicum but which were biochemically different.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Applied Natural Enemies on the Survival of Colorado Potato Beetle Adults

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Vladimír Půža ◽  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Jana Konopická ◽  
Oxana Skoková Habuštová
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fungal Treatment ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Beetle

Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata is among the most destructive pests of potatoes quickly developing resistance to traditional insecticides. In the present study, we tested the effect of various species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes on CPB adults, and subsequently, the most effective nematodes were applied alone and in combination with entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana in pots with potato plants and in the field and their effect on the number of emerging adults was evaluated. In the experimental infections, both the nematode invasion and pathogenicity were variable, and, in several strains, the mortality reached 100%. In pot experiments, soil application of nematodes S. carpocapsae 1343 and S. feltiae Jakub and fungus significantly decreased numbers of emerging CPB adults, while, after the application on leaves, only fungal treatment was effective. The field application of fungus B. bassiana significantly decreased the number of emerging CPB adults in comparison to control sites by ca. 30% while the effect of nematodes and the nematodes–fungus combination was not significant. In conclusion, we demonstrate the necessity of thorough bioassays to select the most effective nematode strains. Entomopathogenic nematodes have the potential to effectively decrease the emergence of CPB adults, but further research is needed to improve the effectiveness in the field.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics-Based Approach Identifies Spinosad-Associated Targets in the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Pierre Bastarache ◽  
Gabriel Wajnberg ◽  
Pascal Dumas ◽  
Simi Chacko ◽  
Jacynthe Lacroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Esterase ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata is an insect pest that threatens potato crops globally. The primary method to control its damage on potato plants is the use of insecticides, including imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole and spinosad. However, insecticide resistance has been frequently observed in Colorado potato beetles. The molecular targets and the basis of resistance to imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole have both been previously quantified. This work was undertaken with the overarching goal of better characterizing the molecular changes associated with spinosad exposure in this insect pest. Next-generation sequencing was conducted to identify transcripts that were differentially expressed between Colorado potato beetles exposed to spinosad versus control insects. Results showed several transcripts that exhibit different expression levels between the two conditions, including ones coding for venom carboxylesterase-6, chitinase 10, juvenile hormone esterase and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4. In addition, several microRNAs, such as miR-12-3p and miR-750-3p, were also modulated in the investigated conditions. Overall, this work reveals a molecular footprint underlying spinosad response in Colorado potato beetles and provides novel leads that could be targeted as part of RNAi-based approaches to control this insect pest.

GROWTH, FOOD CONSUMPTION, AND NITROGEN AND LIPID COMPOSITIONS OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA, (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), AS A FUNCTION OF THE NITROGEN SUPPLY OF ITS HOST PLANT

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Zitzman ◽  
Michael L. May
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Rearing Conditions

Experiments were designed to investigate effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer supplied to potato plants on growth and food utilization of larval Colorado potato beetles (CPB). Dry mass gain, dry mass consumption, and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI = dry mass gain/dry mass consumption) were determined for the entire larval stage and nitrogen and lipid compositions for larvae just prior to pupation. Dry mass gain and N composition were measured in both laboratory and greenhouse reared larvae, dry mass consumption and ECI in laboratory reared larvae, and lipid composition in greenhouse reared larvae. Significant linear increases with N supply were found for dry mass gain of greenhouse reared larvae, but not laboratory reared larvae, and for N composition of laboratory reared larvae, but not greenhouse reared larvae. No significant effects were demonstrable for consumption and ECI of laboratory reared larvae, or lipid composition of greenhouse reared larvae. These results suggest that N supply can affect performance of CPB larvae but that the effects vary with small differences in rearing conditions.

Hydrocarbonoclastic biofilms based on sewage microorganisms and their application in hydrocarbon removal in liquid wastes

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Al-Mailem ◽  
M.K. Kansour ◽  
S.S. Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Hydrocarbon Removal ◽  
Liquid Wastes ◽  
Culture Dependent

Attempts to establish hydrocarbonoclastic biofilms that could be applied in waste-hydrocarbon removal are still very rare. In this work, biofilms containing hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria were successfully established on glass slides by submerging them in oil-free and oil-containing sewage effluent for 1 month. Culture-dependent analysis of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial communities in the biofilms revealed the occurrence of the genera Pseudomonas, Microvirga, Stenotrophomonas, Mycobacterium, Bosea, and Ancylobacter. Biofilms established in oil-containing effluent contained more hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria than those established in oil-free effluent, and both biofilms had dramatically different bacterial composition. Culture-independent analysis of the bacterial flora revealed a bacterial community structure totally different from that determined by the culture-dependent method. In microcosm experiments, these biofilms, when used as inocula, removed between 20% and 65% crude oil, n-hexadecane, and phenanthrene from the surrounding effluent in 2 weeks, depending on the biofilm type, the hydrocarbon identity, and the culture conditions. More of the hydrocarbons were removed by biofilms established in oil-containing effluent than by those established in oil-free effluent, and by cultures incubated in the light than by those incubated in the dark. Meanwhile, the bacterial numbers and diversities were enhanced in the biofilms that had been previously used in hydrocarbon bioremediation. These novel findings pave a new way for biofilm-based hydrocarbon bioremediation, both in sewage effluent and in other liquid wastes.

scholarly journals Bionomics of the African Apefly (Spalgis lemolea) as A Potential Natural Enemy of the Papaya Mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3155
Author(s):  
Sayuni P. Nasari ◽  
Anna C. Treydte ◽  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi ◽  
Ernest R. Mbega
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Development Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Blotter Paper

The African apefly (Spalgis lemolea Druce) is a potential natural enemy of the papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink). We studied the life history of apeflies in the laboratory at a temperature of 25–27 °C and a relative humidity of 55%–65% under a 12 h photoperiod condition. The papaya mealybugs and apefly larvae were collected from papaya plants in Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania. The papaya mealybugs were introduced and allowed to multiply on potted sprouting potato plants in screened cages. In order to study the life cycle and predation of apeflies, an apefly egg was placed on an open screen-covered petri dish containing a moist blotter paper and observed for larva emergence. After the apefly larva emergence, a mixture of mealybug eggs (up to 1500), nymphs (200–250) and adults (100–150) was introduced in the petri dish each day and the consumption rate by the apefly larvae was quantified until the larvae reached pupal stage. Then, the apefly adults were collected and put into cages 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm containing cotton wool soaked in water, for observation of pre-mating, mating, egg-laying and life span. Results indicate that the apefly completed its life cycle in 23 days. The mean development period of the eggs was four days and the development period for the larva, pre-pupa, and pupa was nine, one and ten days respectively. The adult apefly emerged after 9 days of the pupa stage with mean body lengths of 10.1 ± 0.4 mm and 11.0 ± 0.8 mm for the males and females, respectively. The female laid an average of 68 eggs in groups of two to seven at different sites after 4–5 days of emergence. In this study one apefly larva was capable of consuming about 1983 ± 117, 123 ± 6 and 80 ± 9 papaya mealybug eggs, nymphs and adults respectively during larval stage. These results reveal the predatory potential of the apefly in suppressing the population of papaya mealybugs under field conditions.

Effects of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) expressed in tomato leaves on larvae of the tomato moth Lacanobia oleracea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the effect of GNA on the development of the endoparasitoid Meteorus gyrator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Wakefield ◽  
H.A. Bell ◽  
E.C. Fitches ◽  
J.P. Edwards ◽  
A.M.R. Gatehouse
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

AbstractThe effect of ingestion of transgenic tomato leaves expressing the plant lectin Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) on development of larvae of Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus) was studied under laboratory conditions. When L. oleracea larvae were fed on tomato line 14.1H, expressing approximately 2.0% GNA, significant increases in the mean larval weight and in the amount of food consumed were found. This resulted in an overall reduction in the mean development time to the pupal stage of approximately 7 days. A significant increase in the percentage survival to the adult moth was also recorded when newly hatched larvae were reared on transgenic tomato leaves (72%) compared to larvae reared on untransformed leaves (40%). The effects of ingestion of GNA by L. oleracea larvae, via artificial diet or the leaves of transgenic tomato or potato plants, on the subsequent development of its solitary endoparasitoid Meteorus gyrator (Thunberg) was also studied. No significant effects on the life cycle parameters of M. gyrator developing in L. oleracea fed on GNA-containing diets were observed. Experiments with transgenic potato plants indicated that the stadium of the host larvae at parasitism had a greater influence on M. gyrator development than the presence of GNA. Potential GNA-binding glycoproteins were detected in the gut and body tissues of larval M. gyrator. Despite detection in host tissues, GNA could not be detected in adult M. gyrator and therefore it is likely that at the time of pupation M. gyrator are able to void the GNA in the meconial pellet.

scholarly journals Functional diversity of bacterial genes associated with aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in anthropogenic dark earth of Amazonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Gomes Germano ◽  
Fabiana de Souza Cannavan ◽  
Lucas William Mendes ◽  
Amanda Barbosa Lima ◽  
Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Bacterial Genes

The objective of this work was to evaluate the catabolic gene diversity for the bacterial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in anthropogenic dark earth of Amazonia (ADE) and their biochar (BC). Functional diversity analyses in ADE soils can provide information on how adaptive microorganisms may influence the fertility of soils and what is their involvement in biogeochemical cycles. For this, clone libraries containing the gene encoding for the alpha subunit of aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases (α-ARHD bacterial gene) were constructed, totaling 800 clones. These libraries were prepared from samples of an ADE soil under two different land uses, located at the Caldeirão Experimental Station - secondary forest (SF) and agriculture (AG) -, and the biochar (SF_BC and AG_BC, respectively). Heterogeneity estimates indicated greater diversity in BC libraries; and Venn diagrams showed more unique operational protein clusters (OPC) in the SF_BC library than the ADE soil, which indicates that specific metabolic processes may occur in biochar. Phylogenetic analysis showed unidentified dioxygenases in ADE soils. Libraries containing functional gene encoding for the alpha subunit of the aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases (ARHD) gene from biochar show higher diversity indices than those of ADE under secondary forest and agriculture.

Season-Long Abundance of Generalist Predators in Transgenic versus Nontransgenic Potato Fields2

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Riddick ◽  
G. Dively ◽  
P. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Plant Foraging ◽  
Lady Beetles ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Transgenic Potatoes

We estimated the effect of deploying Cry3A-transgenic potatoes resistant to the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on the season-long relative abundance of naturally-occurring generalist predators. Low inputs of foliar insecticides were used in the transgenic fields to suppress nontarget pests and in the nontransgenic fields to prevent total defoliation of potato plants by L. decemlineata. Dominant plant-foraging heteropteran predators and lady beetles were sampled by sweeping foliage, whereas, ground-foraging carnivorous carabids, ants, and spiders were sampled by trapping in pitfalls. Orius insidiosus (Say) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more abundant in transgenic treatment fields than in nontransgenic fields in 1994, but not in 1995. None of the coccinellids (3 taxa) were affected by the treatments in either season. The carnivorous carabids (3 taxa) and ants were not affected by either treatment, but spiders were significantly more abundant in the transgenic treatment fields in 1995. We conclude that the deployment of pure stands of Cry3A-transgenic potatoes, with a minimum input of insecticides to suppress non-target pests, will have no deleterious effects on the populations of generalist predators in the potato ecosystem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document