Metabolite profile changes in xylem sap and leaf extracts of strategy I plants in response to iron deficiency and resupply

Abstract Background Migraine is a common brain disorder but reliable diagnostic biomarkers in blood are still lacking. Our aim was to identify, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, metabolites in serum that are associated with lifetime and active migraine by comparing metabolic profiles of patients and controls. Methods Fasting serum samples from 313 migraine patients and 1512 controls from the Erasmus Rucphen Family (ERF) study were available for 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Data was analysed using elastic net regression analysis. Results A total of 100 signals representing 49 different metabolites were detected in 289 cases (of which 150 active migraine patients) and 1360 controls. We were able to identify profiles consisting of 6 metabolites predictive for lifetime migraine status and 22 metabolites predictive for active migraine status. We estimated with subsequent regression models that after correction for age, sex, BMI and smoking, the association with the metabolite profile in active migraine remained. Several of the metabolites in this profile are involved in lipid, glucose and amino acid metabolism. Conclusion This study indicates that metabolic profiles, based on serum concentrations of several metabolites, including lipids, amino acids and metabolites of glucose metabolism, can distinguish active migraine patients from controls.

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Metabolite Profile of Xylem Sap in Cotton Seedlings Is Changed by K Deficiency

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2020.592591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Zhang ◽

Guo Wang ◽

Huiyun Xue ◽

Jinbao Zhang ◽

Qinglian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Metabolite Profile ◽

Root Surface ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Root Surface Area ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Kegg Pathways ◽

K Deficiency

Xylem sap, belonging to the plant apoplast, not only provides plant tissues with inorganic and organic substances but also facilitates communication between the roots and the leaves and coordinates their development. This study investigated the effects of potassium (K) deficiency on the morphology and the physiology of cotton seedlings as well as pH, mineral nutrient contents, and metabolites of xylem sap. In particular, we compared changes in root–shoot communication under low K (LK) and normal K (NK, control) levels. Compared to control, LK stress significantly decreased seedling biomass (leaf, stem, and root dry weight; stem and root length; root surface area and root volume) and the levels of K, Na (sodium), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), and Zn (zinc) in xylem sap. A total of 82 metabolites in sap analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) showed significant differences between the two conditions; among these, 38 were up-regulated more than 2-fold, while the others were down-regulated less than 0.5-fold. In particular, several metabolites found in the cell membrane including three cholines (glycerophosphatecholine, 2-hexenylcholine, and caproylcholine) and desglucocoroloside and others such as malondialdehyde, α-amino acids and derivatives, sucrose, and sugar alcohol significantly increased under LK stress, indicating that cell membranes were damaged and protein metabolism was abnormal. It is worth noting that glycerophosphocholine was up-regulated 29-fold under LK stress, indicating that it can be used as an important signal of root–shoot communication. Furthermore, in pathway analyses, 26 metabolites were matched to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways; L-aspartic acid, which was associated with 10 KEGG pathways, was the most involved metabolite. Overall, K deficiency reduced the antioxidant capacity of cotton seedlings and led to a metabolic disorder including elevated levels of primary metabolites and inhibited production of secondary metabolites. This eventually resulted in decreased biomass of cotton seedlings under LK stress. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on targeted metabolites and signal substances in the xylem sap of cotton plants exposed to K deficiency.

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Metabolite profile changes and increased antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of mixed vegetables after fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0217180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. e0217180 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jungyeon Kim ◽

Kum-Boo Choi ◽

Ju Hun Park ◽

Kyoung Heon Kim

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Metabolite Profile ◽

Profile Changes

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Primary Metabolite Profile Changes in Coffea spp. Promoted by Single and Combined Exposure to Drought and Elevated CO2 Concentration

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11070427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 427

Author(s):

Ana M. Rodrigues ◽

Tiago Jorge ◽

Sonia Osorio ◽

Delphine M. Pott ◽

Fernando C. Lidon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Metabolite Profile ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Primary Metabolite ◽

Primary Metabolites ◽

Elevated Co2 Concentration ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Amino Acids And Derivatives ◽

Profile Changes

Climate change scenarios pose major threats to many crops worldwide, including coffee. We explored the primary metabolite responses in two Coffea genotypes, C. canephora cv. Conilon Clone 153 and C. arabica cv. Icatu, grown at normal (aCO2) or elevated (eCO2) CO2 concentrations of 380 or 700 ppm, respectively, under well-watered (WW), moderate (MWD), or severe (SWD) water deficit conditions, in order to assess coffee responses to drought and how eCO2 can influence such responses. Primary metabolites were analyzed with a gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics platform (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 48 primary metabolites were identified in both genotypes (23 amino acids and derivatives, 10 organic acids, 11 sugars, and 4 other metabolites), with differences recorded in both genotypes. Increased metabolite levels were observed in CL153 plants under single and combined conditions of aCO2 and drought (MWD and SWD), as opposed to the observed decreased levels under eCO2 in both drought conditions. In contrast, Icatu showed minor differences under MWD, and increased levels (especially amino acids) only under SWD at both CO2 concentration conditions, although with a tendency towards greater increases under eCO2. Altogether, CL153 demonstrated large impact under MWD, and seemed not to benefit from eCO2 in either MWD and SWD, in contrast with Icatu.

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Impact of temperature stress on secondary metabolite profile and phytotoxicity of Amaranthus cruentus L. leaf extracts

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2018.111.3.09 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 609 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Elizabeth CAWOOD ◽

Ingrid ALLEMANN ◽

James ALLEMANN

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Metabolite Profile ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Environmental Temperatures

In this study <em>Amaranthus cruentus</em> plants were grown under controlled optimal conditions (28/21 °C) for three months and then subjected to cold (14/7 °C) and hot (33/40 °C) temperatures. We investigated the influence of these temperature regimes on the metabolite profile of the leaves through analyses of data by TLC, HPLC and GC-MS spectrometry. The phytotoxic potential of a methanol-water (MW) and dichloromethane (DCM) extract from the aerial parts were examined through in vitro screening of germination and growth of lettuce and pepper. The optimal extracts displayed the highest diversity of secondary metabolites, and the highest total phenolics and flavonoids content. Through TLC and HPLC analysis the significantly lower phenolic content in the hot temperature treated samples was confirmed. A wide range of metabolites were detected in the DCM extracts through GC-MS analyses. The phytotoxicity of both the MW and DCM extracts were demonstrated, as germination and growth of pepper and lettuce were significantly inhibited, indicating the presence of more than one allelochemical compound which may affect the allelopathic activity of <em>A. cruentus</em> during changes in environmental temperatures.

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The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Iron Deficiency Responses in Rice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21010043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Li ◽

Chen ◽

Yang

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Essential Element ◽

Signaling Networks ◽

Enzymatic Reactions ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Helix Loop Helix ◽

Fe Uptake ◽

Deoxymugineic Acid ◽

Strategy I

Iron (Fe) is an essential element required for plant growth and development. Under Fe-deficientconditions, plants have developed two distinct strategies (designated as strategy I and II) to acquire Fe from soil. As a graminaceous species, rice is not a typical strategy II plant, as it not only synthesizes DMA (2’-deoxymugineic acid) in roots to chelate Fe3+ but also acquires Fe2+ through transporters OsIRT1 and OsIRT2. During the synthesis of DMA in rice, there are three sequential enzymatic reactions catalyzed by enzymes NAS (nicotianamine synthase), NAAT (nicotianamine aminotransferase), and DMAS (deoxymugineic acid synthase). Many transporters required for Fe uptake from the rhizosphere and internal translocation have also been identified in rice. In addition, the signaling networks composed of various transcription factors (such as IDEF1, IDEF2, and members of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) family), phytohormones, and signaling molecules are demonstrated to regulate Fe uptake and translocation. This knowledge greatly contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying iron deficiency responses in rice.

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