Fungicide Sensitivity Shifting of Zymoseptoria tritici in the Finnish-Baltic Region and a Novel Insertion in the MFS1 Promoter

Zymoseptoria tritici (Zt) populations adapt under the selection pressure of fungicides applied for disease control. The primary objective of this study was to assess fungicide sensitivity in the Estonian Zt population. A total of 282 Zt isolates from 2019 and 2020 were tested for sensitivity to azoles (DMIs; prothioconazole-desthio, epoxiconazole, mefentrifluconazole) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs; boscalid, fluxapyroxad). The efficacy of the tested fungicides varied considerably between the Estonian counties, but the Zt population is mainly sensitive to DMIs. Additionally, the frequencies of CYP51 gene alterations varied; D134G, V136C, A379G, and S524T had increased, but V136A and I381V showed a moderate decrease in 2020 in comparison to 2019. Sensitivity to SDHIs was stable, but boscalid was less effective than fluxapyroxad. SdhC gene mutations C-T33N, C-T34N, and C-N86S were common, but not linked with SDHI fungicide sensitivity assay results. Otherwise, mutation B-N225I in the SdhB subunit occurred in isolates with reduced sensitivity to SDHIs. Sensitivity to strobilurins was evaluated by the mutation G143A in the CytB gene, which was present in nearly half of the population. The data presented confirm the ongoing evolution of fungicide sensitivity in the Zt population in Estonia and highlight the importance of knowledge-based decisions for optimizing anti-resistance strategies in the field.

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Associations of Sphagnum rubellum Wils. on the bogs of the south-east part of Baltic region

Vegetation of Russia ◽

10.31111/vegrus/2003.05.50 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 50-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. A. Smagin ◽

M. G. Napreenko

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Karelian Isthmus ◽

Baltic Region ◽

The South ◽

The Baltic Sea ◽

Kaliningrad Region ◽

The Baltic ◽

Typical Habitat ◽

New Syntaxa

The paper characterizes the 3 associations comprising plant communities with Sphagnum rubellum in the south-eastern part of the Baltic region. The new syntaxa differ from each other both in their floristic characters and the pronounced affinity to definite regional mire types and particular habitats. The ass. Drosero-Sphagnetum rubelli is typical of the relatively most thorough ranges. It is observed from the Kaliningrad region to the Karelian Isthmus and, according to the published reference, occurs even throughout the whole area around the Baltic Sea. Its most typical habitat is that of margins of mire lakes and pools. The ass. Eriophoro-Sphagnetum rubelli occurs in central plateaus of convex plateau-like bogs, typical of the areas adjacent to the Baltic Sea coast. It occupies extended flat mire ecotopes with the water level 0.2–0.25 m deep. The ass. Empetro-Sphagnetum rubelli is characteristic of the retrogressive complex in the convex bogs of the East-Baltic Province. It is mostly observed along the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Its stands are rather dynamic and unstable in both space and time. The presence of communities comprised by these 3 associations is an important vegetation character of the series of regional mire types. Assuming an association level of the respective syntaxa seems rational for the purposes of adequate reflection of plant cover diversity.

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FEATURES OF DESIGNING BIKE PATHS IN ST.PETERSBURG BASED ON ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF THE BALTIC REGION

the System analysis and logistics ◽

10.31799/2007-5687-2020-4-122-130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (26) ◽

pp. 122-130

Author(s):

A. A. Dobrovolskaya ◽

Keyword(s):

Traffic Volume ◽

Design Methods ◽

Baltic Region ◽

Analytical Information ◽

The World ◽

Lane Width ◽

The Baltic ◽

Specific Section

The article deals with statistics on the development of Bicycle roads in Russia and in the world, as well as design methods for a specific section of the connection of Bicycle routes in St. Petersburg. The article discusses the experience of using and entering bike paths based on the experience of Finland, as well as the types of bike paths and infrastructure features for metropolises. A model for creating a bike path by partially narrowing the roadway, graphical functions, and analytical information are provided. Practical examples of changing the infrastructure for bike paths are given. Keywords: bike path, traffic volume, design the roadway, lane width.

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Variability of radiosonde-observed precipitable water in the Baltic region*

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2005.0032 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 36 (4-5) ◽

pp. 423-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Jakobson ◽

H. Ohvril ◽

O. Okulov ◽

N. Laulainen

Keyword(s):

Water Vapour ◽

Precipitable Water ◽

Linear Functions ◽

Water Vapour Pressure ◽

Baltic Region ◽

Geographical Latitude ◽

Linear Formula ◽

Annual Means ◽

The Baltic ◽

Two Parameters

The total mass of columnar water vapour (precipitable water, W) is an important parameter of atmospheric thermodynamic and radiative models. In this work more than 60 000 radiosonde observations from 17 aerological stations in the Baltic region over 14 years, 1989–2002, were used to examine the variability of precipitable water. A table of monthly and annual means of W for the stations is given. Seasonal means of W are expressed as linear functions of the geographical latitude degree. A linear formula is also derived for parametrisation of precipitable water as a function of two parameters – geographical latitude and surface water vapour pressure.

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Green spaces as indicator of air quality and mechanism for city’s environment stabilization in the Baltic region

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/578/1/012056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 578 ◽

pp. 012056

Author(s):

Natalia Terekhina

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Baltic Region ◽

The Baltic

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A novel frequent BRCA1 recurrent variant c.5117G > A (p.Gly1206Glu) identified after 20 years of BRCA1/2 research in the Baltic region: cohort study and literature review

Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice ◽

10.1186/s13053-021-00168-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

P. Loza ◽

A. Irmejs ◽

Z. Daneberga ◽

E. Miklasevics ◽

E. Berga-Svitina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Local Spectrum ◽

Single Family ◽

Baltic Region ◽

Breast And Ovarian Cancer ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Common Founder ◽

The Baltic ◽

Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽

Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background Several recent studies in the Baltic region have found extended spectrum of pathogenic variants (PV) of the BRCA1/2 genes. The aim of current study is to analyze the spectrum of the BRCA1/2 PV in population of Latvia and to compare common PV between populations of the Baltic region. Methods We present a cohort of 9543 unrelated individuals including ones with cancer and unaffected individuals from population of Latvia, who were tested for three most common BRCA1 founder PV. In second line testing, 164 founder negative high-risk individuals were tested for PV of the BRCA1/2 using next generation sequencing (NGS). Local spectrum of the BRCA1/2 PV was compared with the Baltic region by performing a literature review. Results Founder PV c.5266dupC, c.4035delA or c.181 T > G was detected in 369/9543 (3.9%) cases. Other BRCA1/2 PV were found in 44/164 (26.8%) of NGS cases. Four recurrent BRCA1 variants c.5117G > A (p.Gly1706Glu), c.4675G > A (p.Glu1559Lys), c.5503C > T (p.Arg1835*) and c.1961delA (p.Lys654fs) were detected in 18/44 (41.0%), 5/44 (11.4%), 2/44 (4.5%) and 2/44 (4.5%) cases respectively. Additionally, 11 BRCA1 PV and six BRCA2 PV were each found in single family. Conclusions By combining three studies by our group of the same cohort in Latvia, frequency of the BRCA1/2 PV for unselected breast and ovarian cancer cases is 241/5060 (4.8%) and 162/1067 (15.2%) respectively. The frequency of three “historical” founder PV is up to 87.0% (369/424). Other non-founder PV contribute to at least 13.0% (55/424) and this proportion probably will rise by increasing numbers of the BRCA1/2 sequencing. In relative numbers, c.5117G > A is currently the third most frequent PV of the BRCA1 in population of Latvia, overcoming previously known third most common founder variant c.181 T > G. In addition to three BRCA1 founder PV, a total of five recurrent BRCA1 and two recurrent BRCA2 PV have been reported in population of Latvia so far. Many of the BRCA1/2 PV reported in Latvia are shared among other populations of the Baltic region.

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