Pleiotropic Effect of GNP1 Underlying Grain Number per Panicle on Sink, Source and Flow in Rice

Heterosis in F1-hybrids is very closely related to processes during plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on some growth characters that supported positive heterosis for yield. The experiment was carried out at KP. Sukamandi on the rainy season in 2016, used a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The material used in this study were four superior hybrid varieties (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, and Hipa East Java 2) and their parents (maintainer and restorer strains). The results showed that the four materials tested had positive heterosis values with an average value of 4.23-25.03% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and yield. Heterobeltiosis values ranged from 2.06% to 13.62% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, and yield. Growth characters that were positively correlated to yield increase were plant height, leaf area in the primordia phase, and weight of 1000 grains. The four hybrid materials tested had similar leaf area per clump in the primordia phase, but only Hipa Jatim 2 still had the highest leaf area in the physiological cooking phase. All four hybrids had better leaf thickness characteristics than their parents. F1 average showed increased number of grain per panicle compared to the two parents, especially in Hipa 18 and Hipa 19, which had a higher weight per 1000 grains than the two parents. Keywords: hybrids, rice, heterosis, heterobeltiosis ABSTRAK Heterosis pada F1-hibrida sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses-proses selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkaninformasibeberapa karakter pertumbuhan yang mendukung heterosis positif terhadap hasil. Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP. Sukamandi pada musim hujan 2016, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat varietas unggul hibrida (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, dan Hipa Jatim 2) dan tetuanya (galur maintainer dan restorer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat materi yang diuji mempunyai nilai heterosis positif dengan nilai rata-rata 4,23-25,03% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir, dan hasil. Nilai heterobeltiosis berkisar antara 2,06% sampai 13,62% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, dan hasil. Karakter-karakter pertumbuhan yang berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan hasil yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas daun pada fase primordia, dan bobot 1000 butir. Keempat materi hibrida yang diuji mempunyai luas daun per rumpun yang setara pada fase primordia, namun hanya Hipa Jatim 2 yang masih mempunyai luas daun tertinggi pada fase masak fisiologis,. Keempatnya mempunyai karakter ketebalan daun yang lebih baik dibanding tetuanya. Rata-rata F1 menunjukkan perbaikan jumlah gabah per malai dibanding kedua tetuanya, terlebih pada Hipa 18 dan Hipa 19 yang juga mempunyai bobot 1000 butir lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua tetuanya. Kata kunci: hibrida, pada, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

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Effect of qGN4.1 QTL for Grain Number per Panicle in Genetic Backgrounds of Twelve Different Mega Varieties of Rice

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-017-0195-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vijay Kumar Singh ◽

Ranjith Kumar Ellur ◽

Ashok Kumar Singh ◽

M. Nagarajan ◽

Brahma Deo Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Number ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

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The influence of extended vegetative development and d2 dwarfing gene in increasing grain number per panicle and grain yield in pearl millet

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/0378-4290(85)90108-x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 265-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Alagarswamy ◽

F.R. Bidinger

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Grain Number ◽

Dwarfing Gene ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

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Sorghum MSD3 Encodes an ω-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase that Increases Grain Number by Reducing Jasmonic Acid Levels

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20215359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (21) ◽

pp. 5359 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lavanya Dampanaboina ◽

Yinping Jiao ◽

Junping Chen ◽

Nicholas Gladman ◽

Ratan Chopra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Grain Number ◽

Genomic Editing ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

Grain number per panicle is an important component of grain yield in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)) and other cereal crops. Previously, we reported that mutations in multi-seeded 1 (MSD1) and MSD2 genes result in a two-fold increase in grain number per panicle due to the restoration of the fertility of the pedicellate spikelets, which invariably abort in natural sorghum accessions. Here, we report the identification of another gene, MSD3, which is also involved in the regulation of grain numbers in sorghum. Four bulked F2 populations from crosses between BTx623 and each of the independent msd mutants p6, p14, p21, and p24 were sequenced to 20× coverage of the whole genome on a HiSeq 2000 system. Bioinformatic analyses of the sequence data showed that one gene, Sorbi_3001G407600, harbored homozygous mutations in all four populations. This gene encodes a plastidial ω-3 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid (18:2) to linolenic acid (18:3), a substrate for jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. The msd3 mutants had reduced levels of linolenic acid in both leaves and developing panicles that in turn decreased the levels of JA. Furthermore, the msd3 panicle phenotype was reversed by treatment with methyl-JA (MeJA). Our characterization of MSD1, MSD2, and now MSD3 demonstrates that JA-regulated processes are critical to the msd phenotype. The identification of the MSD3 gene reveals a new target that could be manipulated to increase grain number per panicle in sorghum, and potentially other cereal crops, through the genomic editing of MSD3 functional orthologs.

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Seleksi Generasi Awal untuk Toleransi terhadap Suhu Tinggi pada Padi

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v48i2.30210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 111-117

Author(s):

Desta Wirnas ◽

Usamah Jaisyurahman ◽

Siti Marwiyah ◽

Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽

Heni Purnamawati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Stress Index ◽

Breeding Method ◽

Grain Number ◽

Open Ground ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Additive Gene ◽

Segregating Population ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

The impacts of high-temperature stress on rice growth and productivity can be mitigated by growing tolerant varieties. This research was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters and to select the best genotypes based on the susceptibility stress index (SSI) values. This research was conducted from August 2016 to February 2017. Half of the five weeks seedling tiller of each F3 plant was transferred to new pot culture so that each genotype of the F3 rice population grown in two pots. At the maximum vegetative phase, the parental and F3 populations were treated under two different temperatures: in the open ground area and inside a greenhouse with daily mean temperatures of 38.89/22.67 °C dan 41.62/23.32 °C, respectively. The traits observed were yield and yield components. The results showed that the grain yield of the parents and the F3 population were lower when grown inside the greenhouse. The filled grain number per panicle was controlled by additive gene action in these two environments, and is suggested to be a selection character. Selection based on SSI index obtained 13 genotypes tolerant to heat stress and had higher yield compared to their parents. SSD method combined with shuttle breeding is recommended as a breeding method to produce tolerant and high yielding lines. Keywords: heat stress, heritability, segregating population, SSI

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Genome Sequence and QTL Analyses Using Backcross Recombinant Inbred Lines (BILs) and BILF1 Lines Uncover Multiple Heterosis-related Loci

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21030780 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 780 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yahui Yu ◽

Mengmeng Zhu ◽

Yue Cui ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Zhenyu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanism ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Recombinant Inbred ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Grain Number ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle ◽

Backcross Recombinant Inbred Lines

Heterosis is an interesting topic for both breeders and biologists due to its practical importance and scientific significance. Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) consists of two subspecies, indica and japonica, and hybrid rice is the predominant form of indica rice in China. However, the molecular mechanism underlying heterosis in japonica remains unclear. The present study determined the genome sequence and conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using backcross recombinant inbred lines (BILs) and BILF1 lines to uncover the heterosis-related loci for rice yield increase under a japonica genetic background. The BIL population was derived from an admixture variety Habataki and japonica variety Sasanishiki cross to improve the genetic diversity but maintain the genetic background close to japonica. The results showed that heterosis in F1 mainly involved grain number per panicle. The BILF1s showed an increase in grain number per panicle but a decrease in plant height compared with the BILs. Genetic analysis then identified eight QTLs for heterosis in the BILF1s; four QTLs were detected exclusively in the BILF1 population only, presenting a mode of dominance or super-dominance in the heterozygotes. An additional four loci overlapped with QTLs detected in the BIL population, and we found that Grains Height Date 7 (Ghd7) was correlated in days to heading in both BILs and BILF1s. The admixture genetic background of Habataki was also determined by subspecies-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This investigation highlights the importance of high-throughput sequencing to elucidate the molecular mechanism of heterosis and provides useful germplasms for the application of heterosis in japonica rice production.

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Image analysis-based recognition and quantification of grain number per panicle in rice

Plant Methods ◽

10.1186/s13007-019-0510-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Wei Wu ◽

Tao Liu ◽

Ping Zhou ◽

Tianle Yang ◽

Chunyan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Regression Model ◽

Linear Regression Model ◽

Phenotypic Trait ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Counting Method ◽

Grain Number ◽

Deep Learning Model ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

Abstract Background The number grain per panicle of rice is an important phenotypic trait and a significant index for variety screening and cultivation management. The methods that are currently used to count the number of grains per panicle are manually conducted, making them labor intensive and time consuming. Existing image-based grain counting methods had difficulty in separating overlapped grains. Results In this study, we aimed to develop an image analysis-based method to quickly quantify the number of rice grains per panicle. We compared the counting accuracy of several methods among different image acquisition devices and multiple panicle shapes on both Indica and Japonica subspecies of rice. The linear regression model developed in this study had a grain counting accuracy greater than 96% and 97% for Japonica and Indica rice, respectively. Moreover, while the deep learning model that we used was more time consuming than the linear regression model, the average counting accuracy was greater than 99%. Conclusions We developed a rice grain counting method that accurately counts the number of grains on a detached panicle, and believe this method can be a huge asset for guiding the development of high throughput methods for counting the grain number per panicle in other crops.

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