Seleksi Generasi Awal untuk Toleransi terhadap Suhu Tinggi pada Padi

The impacts of high-temperature stress on rice growth and productivity can be mitigated by growing tolerant varieties. This research was conducted to estimate the genetic parameters and to select the best genotypes based on the susceptibility stress index (SSI) values. This research was conducted from August 2016 to February 2017. Half of the five weeks seedling tiller of each F3 plant was transferred to new pot culture so that each genotype of the F3 rice population grown in two pots. At the maximum vegetative phase, the parental and F3 populations were treated under two different temperatures: in the open ground area and inside a greenhouse with daily mean temperatures of 38.89/22.67 °C dan 41.62/23.32 °C, respectively. The traits observed were yield and yield components. The results showed that the grain yield of the parents and the F3 population were lower when grown inside the greenhouse. The filled grain number per panicle was controlled by additive gene action in these two environments, and is suggested to be a selection character. Selection based on SSI index obtained 13 genotypes tolerant to heat stress and had higher yield compared to their parents. SSD method combined with shuttle breeding is recommended as a breeding method to produce tolerant and high yielding lines. Keywords: heat stress, heritability, segregating population, SSI

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Heat Stress After Pollination Reduces Kernel Number in Maize by Insufficient Assimilates

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.728166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shiduo Niu ◽

Xiong Du ◽

Dejie Wei ◽

Shanshan Liu ◽

Qian Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Field Studies ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Sequencing Analysis ◽

Grain Number ◽

Heat Resistant ◽

Grain Starch

Global warming has increased the occurrence of high temperature stress in plants, including maize, resulting in decreased the grain number and yield. Previous studies indicate that heat stress mainly damages the pollen grains and thus lowered maize grain number. Other field studies have shown that heat stress after pollination results in kernel abortion. However, the mechanism by which high temperature affect grain abortion following pollination remains unclear. Hence, this study investigated the field grown heat-resistant maize variety “Zhengdan 958” (ZD958) and heat-sensitive variety “Xianyu 335” (XY335) under a seven-day heat stress treatment (HT) after pollination. Under HT, the grain numbers of XY335 and ZD958 were reduced by 10.9% (p = 0.006) and 5.3% (p = 0.129), respectively. The RNA sequencing analysis showed a higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HT and the control in XY335 compared to ZD958. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) genes were downregulated by heat stress, and RuBPCase activity was significantly lowered by 14.1% (p = 0.020) in XY335 and 5.3% (p = 0.436) in ZD958 in comparison to CK. The soluble sugar and starch contents in the grains of XY335 were obviously reduced by 26.1 and 58.5%, respectively, with no distinct change observed in ZD958. Heat stress also inhibited the synthesis of grain starch, as shown by the low activities of metabolism-related enzymes. Under HT, the expression of trehalose metabolism genes in XY335 were upregulated, and these genes may be involved in kernel abortion at high temperature. In conclusion, this study revealed that post-pollination heat stress in maize mainly resulted in reduced carbohydrate availability for grain development, though the heat-resistant ZD958 was nevertheless able to maintain growth.

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Karakter Seleksi pada Generasi Awal untuk Adaptasi Padi terhadap Cekaman Suhu Tinggi

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v45i2.12938 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Victor Manotar Pademan Manalu ◽

Desta Wirnas ◽

Dan Sudarsono

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Gene Action ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Multiple Traits ◽

Early Generation ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Additive Gene

<div class="WordSection1">ABSTRACT Developing new rice varieties adaptive to heat stress is important to maintain high rice production in anticipating global warming effects. This research was aimed to find selection characters and to select the best segregant in early generation based on agronomic characters for adaptation of rice to heat stress. The experiment was carried out in September 2014 to Januari 2015. About 210 F2 segregants generated trough hybridization between IPB 4S (sensitive parent) and Situ Patenggang (tolerant parent), 20 individuals of IPB 4S, and 20 individuals of Situ Patenggang, were used as genetic control. All genetic materials were exposed to high temperature stress by growing in a green house of Bogor Agricultural University. The average temperature in the research period was 24 °C and 42.09 °C, respectively for minimum and maximum temperature. The results showed that charachters of productive and total tiller number, total grain number, and seed weight had high heritability, high coeffiecient of genetics variability-with an additive gene action. That charachters could be proposed as selection criteria in early generation for rice breeding of adaptation to high temperature stress. The characters could be applied in either single trait or multiple traits selection. Based on multiple traits selection we found 50 the best F2 segregation. Keywords: differential selection, early generation, heat tolerant, heritability, gene action, variability genetics coeffiecient </div>

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Dampak Suhu Tinggi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v47i3.24892 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 248-254

Author(s):

Usamah Jaisyurahman ◽

Desta Wirnas ◽

Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽

Dan Heni Purnamawati

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Grain Filling ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

High Temperature Treatment ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Grain Number ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

Global warming becomes a pressure in food production sustainability because it affected crop growth and development. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the effect of high-temperature stress on the growth and development phase of rice and to evaluate the genotype for tolerance to high-temperature stress. Two environment conditions were used in the field and greenhouse of IPB Cikabayan experimental field, IPB University from August 2016 until February 2017. The study used varieties of IPB 4S, IPB 6R, Mekongga, and Situ Patenggang. High-temperature treatment was done by transferring the rice plants to the greenhouse at 50 days after transplanting. Observations were made on the generative phase in two different environmental conditions. The results showed that the total tillers number, filled grain number per panicle, unfilled grain number per panicle, total grain number per panicle, grain filling rate, percentage of filled grain and filled grain weight per plant had different responses among rice genotypes due to high-temperature stress. High-temperature decreased pollen fertility in all genotypes, which classified IPB 4S as a sensitive genotype and Mekongga as a tolerant genotype. This information could be useful for development and improving rice variety to anticipate high-temperature stress. Keywords: Climate change, fertility, pollen, stress tolerance index

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GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n115rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 143-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽

Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽

Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽

Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽

Alek Sandro Dutra

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Salt Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Different Types ◽

Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaHMW1D Transcript Variants Are Highly Expressed in Response to Heat Stress and in Grains Located in Distal Part of the Spike

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 687

Author(s):

Chan Seop Ko ◽

Jin-Baek Kim ◽

Min Jeong Hong ◽

Yong Weon Seo

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Storage Proteins ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Seed Storage Proteins ◽

Grain Filling ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Transcript Variants

High-temperature stress during the grain filling stage has a deleterious effect on grain yield and end-use quality. Plants undergo various transcriptional events of protein complexity as defensive responses to various stressors. The “Keumgang” wheat cultivar was subjected to high-temperature stress for 6 and 10 days beginning 9 days after anthesis, then two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and peptide analyses were performed. Spots showing decreased contents in stressed plants were shown to have strong similarities with a high-molecular glutenin gene, TraesCS1D02G317301 (TaHMW1D). QRT-PCR results confirmed that TaHMW1D was expressed in its full form and in the form of four different transcript variants. These events always occurred between repetitive regions at specific deletion sites (5′-CAA (Glutamine) GG/TG (Glycine) or (Valine)-3′, 5′-GGG (Glycine) CAA (Glutamine) -3′) in an exonic region. Heat stress led to a significant increase in the expression of the transcript variants. This was most evident in the distal parts of the spike. Considering the importance of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits of seed storage proteins, stressed plants might choose shorter polypeptides while retaining glutenin function, thus maintaining the expression of glutenin motifs and conserved sites.

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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Hsf and Hsp Gene Families and Gene Expression Analysis under Heat Stress in Eggplant (Solanum melongema L.)

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7060149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Chao Gong ◽

Qiangqiang Pang ◽

Zhiliang Li ◽

Zhenxing Li ◽

Riyuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Gene Families ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Motif Composition ◽

Hsp Genes ◽

Identification And Characterization

Under high temperature stress, a large number of proteins in plant cells will be denatured and inactivated. Meanwhile Hsfs and Hsps will be quickly induced to remove denatured proteins, so as to avoid programmed cell death, thus enhancing the thermotolerance of plants. Here, a comprehensive identification and analysis of the Hsf and Hsp gene families in eggplant under heat stress was performed. A total of 24 Hsf-like genes and 117 Hsp-like genes were identified from the eggplant genome using the interolog from Arabidopsis. The gene structure and motif composition of Hsf and Hsp genes were relatively conserved in each subfamily in eggplant. RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of most eggplant Hsf and Hsp genes were increased upon exposure to heat stress, especially in thermotolerant line. The comprehensive analysis indicated that different sets of SmHsps genes were involved downstream of particular SmHsfs genes. These results provided a basis for revealing the roles of SmHsps and SmHsp for thermotolerance in eggplant, which may potentially be useful for understanding the thermotolerance mechanism involving SmHsps and SmHsp in eggplant.

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Proteomic analysis of heat shock proteins in maize (Zea mays L.)

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0251-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud Hussien Abou-Deif ◽

Mohamed Abdel-Salam Rashed ◽

Kamal Mohamed Khalil ◽

Fatma El-Sayed Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Heat Treatments ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Adverse Influence ◽

Shock Proteins

Abstract Background Maize is one of the important cereal food crops in the world. High temperature stress causes adverse influence on plant growth. When plants are exposed to high temperatures, they produce heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may impart a generalized role in tolerance to heat stress. Proteome analysis was performed in plant to assess the changes in protein types and their expression levels under abiotic stress. The purpose of the study is to explore which proteins are involved in the response of the maize plant to heat shock treatment. Results We investigated the responses of abundant proteins of maize leaves, in an Egyptian inbred line of maize “K1”, upon heat stress through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) on samples of maize leaf proteome. 2-DE technique was used to recognize heat-responsive protein spots using Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and silver staining. In 2-D analysis of proteins from plants treated at 45 °C for 2 h, the results manifested 59 protein spots (4.3%) which were reproducibly detected as new spots where did not present in the control. In 2D for treated plants for 4 h, 104 protein spots (7.7%) were expressed only under heat stress. Quantification of spot intensities derived from heat treatment showed that twenty protein spots revealed clear differences between the control and the two heat treatments. Nine spots appeared with more intensity after heat treatments than the control, while four spots appeared only after heat treatments. Five spots were clearly induced after heat treatment either at 2 h or 4 h and were chosen for more analysis by LC-MSMS. They were identified as ATPase beta subunit, HSP26, HSP16.9, and unknown HSP/Chaperonin. Conclusion The results revealed that the expressive level of the four heat shock proteins that were detected in this study plays important roles to avoid heat stress in maize plants.

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Emergence of seedlings from different depths following high temperature stress

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600052746 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 525-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

I. C. Onwueme ◽

S. A. Adegoroye

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Moist Soil ◽

Different Depths

SUMMARYSeeds of Amaranthus, melon, cowpea and tomato were planted in moist soil at 1, 4 or 7·5 cm depth and subjected to a heat stress of 45 °C for 10 h on the day of sowing (day 0), 1 day after sowing or 2 days after sowing. Seedling emergence was retarded by heat stress, the most drastic retardation being due to heat stress on day 1 for cowpea and tomato, day 2 for melon, and day 0 for Amaranthus. Emergence also decreased with increasing depth of sowing. The interaction of depth and heat stress was also significant in all cases, such that the delay in emergence due to heat stress tended to be greater with increasing depth of sowing. The agronomic significance of the results is discussed.

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Heterosis dan Heterobeltiosis Hasil Gabah Serta Korelasinya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Padi Hibrida

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2019.15.2.92 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 92-100

Author(s):

Nurwulan Agustiani ◽

Sujinah Sujinah ◽

Bayu P Wibowo ◽

Satoto Satoto

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Tiller Number ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Grain Number ◽

Average Value ◽

Positive Heterosis ◽

Growth Characters ◽

Grain Number Per Panicle

Heterosis in F1-hybrids is very closely related to processes during plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on some growth characters that supported positive heterosis for yield. The experiment was carried out at KP. Sukamandi on the rainy season in 2016, used a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The material used in this study were four superior hybrid varieties (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, and Hipa East Java 2) and their parents (maintainer and restorer strains). The results showed that the four materials tested had positive heterosis values with an average value of 4.23-25.03% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and yield. Heterobeltiosis values ranged from 2.06% to 13.62% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, and yield. Growth characters that were positively correlated to yield increase were plant height, leaf area in the primordia phase, and weight of 1000 grains. The four hybrid materials tested had similar leaf area per clump in the primordia phase, but only Hipa Jatim 2 still had the highest leaf area in the physiological cooking phase. All four hybrids had better leaf thickness characteristics than their parents. F1 average showed increased number of grain per panicle compared to the two parents, especially in Hipa 18 and Hipa 19, which had a higher weight per 1000 grains than the two parents. Keywords: hybrids, rice, heterosis, heterobeltiosis ABSTRAK Heterosis pada F1-hibrida sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses-proses selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkaninformasibeberapa karakter pertumbuhan yang mendukung heterosis positif terhadap hasil. Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP. Sukamandi pada musim hujan 2016, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat varietas unggul hibrida (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, dan Hipa Jatim 2) dan tetuanya (galur maintainer dan restorer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat materi yang diuji mempunyai nilai heterosis positif dengan nilai rata-rata 4,23-25,03% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir, dan hasil. Nilai heterobeltiosis berkisar antara 2,06% sampai 13,62% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, dan hasil. Karakter-karakter pertumbuhan yang berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan hasil yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas daun pada fase primordia, dan bobot 1000 butir. Keempat materi hibrida yang diuji mempunyai luas daun per rumpun yang setara pada fase primordia, namun hanya Hipa Jatim 2 yang masih mempunyai luas daun tertinggi pada fase masak fisiologis,. Keempatnya mempunyai karakter ketebalan daun yang lebih baik dibanding tetuanya. Rata-rata F1 menunjukkan perbaikan jumlah gabah per malai dibanding kedua tetuanya, terlebih pada Hipa 18 dan Hipa 19 yang juga mempunyai bobot 1000 butir lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua tetuanya. Kata kunci: hibrida, pada, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

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Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon

Communications Earth & Environment ◽

10.1038/s43247-021-00275-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira ◽

Marcus J. Bottino ◽

Paulo Nobre ◽

Carlos A. Nobre

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Amazon Basin ◽

Stress Index ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Stress Exposure ◽

Extreme Risk ◽

High Emission ◽

Heat Stress Index ◽

The Impact

AbstractLand use change and deforestation can influence local temperature and climate. Here we use a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to assess the impact of savannization of the Amazon Basin on the wet-bulb globe temperature heat stress index under two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We find that heat stress exposure due to deforestation was comparable to the effect of climate change under RCP8.5. Our findings suggest that heat stress index could exceed the human adaptation limit by 2100 under the combined effects of Amazon savannization and climate change. Moreover, we find that risk of heat stress exposure was highest in Northern Brazil and among the most socially vulnerable. We suggest that by 2100, savannization of the Amazon will lead to more than 11 million people will be exposed heat stress that poses an extreme risk to human health under a high emission scenario.

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