scholarly journals Triploidy in Citrus Genotypes Improves Leaf Gas Exchange and Antioxidant Recovery From Water Deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radia Lourkisti ◽  
Yann Froelicher ◽  
Stéphane Herbette ◽  
Raphael Morillon ◽  
Jean Giannettini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Recovery Capacity ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

The triploidy has proved to be a powerful approach breeding programs, especially in Citrus since seedlessness is one of the main consumer expectations. Citrus plants face numerous abiotic stresses including water deficit, which negatively impact growth and crop yield. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and biochemical responses to water deficit and recovery capacity of new triploid hybrids, in comparison with diploid hybrids, their parents (“Fortune” mandarin and “Ellendale” tangor) and one clementine tree used as reference. The water deficit significantly decreased the relative water content (RWC) and leaf gas exchange (Pnet and gs) and it increased the levels of oxidative markers (H2O2 and MDA) and antioxidants. Compared to diploid varieties, triploid hybrids limited water loss by osmotic adjustment as reflected by higher RWC, intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE Pnet/gs) iWUE and leaf proline levels. These had been associated with an effective thermal dissipation of excess energy (NPQ) and lower oxidative damage. Our results showed that triploidy in citrus enhances the recovery capacity after a water deficit in comparison with diploids due to better carboxylation efficiency, restored water-related parameters and efficient antioxidant system.

scholarly journals Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, increased leaf-level productivity, and water-use efficiency during the early Miocene

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1509-1521
Author(s):  
Tammo Reichgelt ◽  
William J. D'Andrea ◽  
Ailín del C. Valdivia-McCarthy ◽  
Bethany R. S. Fox ◽  
Jennifer M. Bannister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract. Rising atmospheric CO2 is expected to increase global temperatures, plant water-use efficiency, and carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere. A CO2 fertilization effect on terrestrial vegetation is predicted to cause global greening as the potential ecospace for forests expands. However, leaf-level fertilization effects, such as increased productivity and water-use efficiency, have not been documented from fossil leaves in periods of heightened atmospheric CO2. Here, we use leaf gas-exchange modeling on a well-preserved fossil flora from early Miocene New Zealand, as well as two previously published tropical floras from the same time period, to reconstruct atmospheric CO2, leaf-level productivity, and intrinsic water-use efficiency. Leaf gas-exchange rates reconstructed from early Miocene fossils, which grew at southern temperate and tropical latitudes when global average temperatures were 5–6 ∘C higher than today, reveal that atmospheric CO2 was ∼450–550 ppm. Early Miocene CO2 was similar to projected values for 2040 CE and is consistent with an Earth system sensitivity of 3–7 ∘C to a doubling of CO2. The Southern Hemisphere temperate leaves had higher reconstructed productivity than modern analogs, likely due to a longer growing season. This higher productivity was presumably mirrored at northern temperate latitudes as well, where a greater availability of landmass would have led to increased carbon storage in forest biomass relative to today. Intrinsic water-use efficiency of both temperate and tropical forest trees was high, toward the upper limit of the range for modern trees, which likely expanded the habitable range in regions that could not support forests with high moisture demands under lower atmospheric CO2. Overall, early Miocene elevated atmospheric CO2 sustained globally higher temperatures, and our results provide the first empirical evidence of concomitant enhanced intrinsic water-use efficiency, indicating a forest fertilization effect.

scholarly journals RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS EM VARIEDADES DE CANA SOCA SUBMETIDAS AO DÉFICIT HÍDRICO

Irriga ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 806-816
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodolfo Junior ◽  
Walter Quadros Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Omar Cruz Rocha ◽  
Fábio Pedro Silva Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Ratoon Sugarcane ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Over Time

RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS EM VARIEDADES DE CANA SOCA SUBMETIDAS AO DÉFICIT HÍDRICO              FRANCISCO RODOLFO JUNIOR1; WALTER QUADROS RIBEIRO JUNIOR2; MARIA LUCRÉCIA GEROSA RAMOS3; OMAR CRUZ ROCHA2; FÁBIO PEDRO SILVA BATISTA4 E CRISTIANE ANDRÉA DE LIMA2 1 Universidade Federal do Piauí-CPCE, BR 135, km 03, Planalto Horizonte, CEP 64900-000, Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brasil, [email protected];2Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020 Km 18, Planaltina - DF, CEP 73310-970, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected];3Universidade de Brasília/FAV, Instituto Central de Ciências, Sul (ICC-Sul), CEP 70.910-970, [email protected];4Doutorando do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia, Universidade de Brasília/FAV, ICC-Sul, CEP 70.910-970, [email protected];  1 RESUMO A baixa disponibilidade hídrica afeta negativamente os cultivos agrícolas e é a principal causa da redução da produtividade no setor sucroalcooleiro no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar fisiologicamente as variedades da cana-de-açúcar, submetidas a diferentes regimes hídricos. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área de 0,36 hectares, localizada na Embrapa Cerrados, próxima a Planaltina-DF. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com três variedades (RB855156, RB835486 e RB867515-parcela), ausência e presença da irrigação (irrigado e sequeiro - subparcela) e quatro coletas de dados no tempo (100; 150; 200 e 250 dias após o corte) que foram as subsubparcelas. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características fisiológicas: prolina livre a folha, trocas gasosas: transpiração (E), condutância estomática (gs), fotossíntese líquida (A), eficiência intrínseca do uso da água (EIUA), eficiência da carboxilação (EC), clorofila tipo a (Clo-a) e clorofila total (Clo-a+b). As variedades de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas em sistema de sequeiro apresentaram aumento na concentração foliar de prolina e EIUA, e redução de E, gs, A, EC, Clo-a e Clo-a+b. Palavras-Chave: Saccharum spp. L.; estresse abiótico; prolina; trocas gasosas.  RODOLFO JUNIOR, F.; RIBEIRO JUNIOR, W. Q.; RAMOS, M. L. G.; ROCHA, O. C.; BATISTA, F. P. S.; LIMA, C. A.PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN VARIETIES OF RATOON SUGARCANE SUBMITTED TO WATER DEFICIT  2 ABSTRACT Low water supply affects negatively agricultural crops and is the main cause of reduced productivity in the sugar and ethanol industry in Brazil. The objective of this paper was to physiologically characterize the varieties of sugar cane under different water regimes. The experiment was conducted in an area of 0.36 hectares, located in Embrapa Cerrado, near Planaltina-DF. The design was randomized with three replicates in parcels subdivided in time, with three varieties (RB855156, RB835486 and RB867515-plots), with absence and presence of irrigation (irrigated and rainfed- subplots) and four data collections over time  (100; 150; 200 and 250 days after harvest), that formed the subsubplots. The following physiological characteristics were assessed: free proline in leaves, leaf gas exchange: transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis (A), intrinsic water use efficiency (EIUA), efficiency of carboxylation (EC), chlorophyll type a (Clo-a) e total chlorophyll (Clo-a+b). The varieties of sugarcane cultivated in rainfed system presented increase in leaf concentration of proline and EIUA, and reduced E, gs, A, EC, Cloa, Clo-a+b. Keywords: Saccharum spp. L.; abiotic stress; proline; gas exchange.

Epicuticular-wax removal influences gas exchange and water relations in the leaves of an exotic and native species from a Brazilian semiarid region under induced drought stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla V. Figueiredo ◽  
Marciel T. Oliveira ◽  
Antônio Fernando M. Oliveira ◽  
Gabriela C. Silva ◽  
Mauro G. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Relative Water

The primary physiological function of the leaf cuticle is to limit water loss. Thus, in the present study, we examined the hypothesis that variation in the quality and content of the epicuticular wax between different species influences leaf gas exchange. Plants of Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Bailon, a Brazilian semiarid native, and Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), an exotic species, were subjected to a water deficit in the presence or absence of epicuticular wax. Plants were grown in 10-L pots under greenhouse conditions. The relative water content, gas-exchange parameters and primary carbon metabolism were measured at 21 days after the irrigation was reduced to induce a water deficit. The well-watered plants of both species showed recovery of gas exchange days after the removal of epicuticular wax. Furthermore, under drought, a gradual increase in transpiration rates was observed only in the leaves of native species without wax, although the stomatal conductance did not differ between the species. High relative water content was maintained, except in the leaves under drought and without wax from Day 13 onward, when compared with all other treatments. The wax production was induced in both species under water shortage. Nevertheless, the native species showed a higher content of long-chain n-alkanes. In fact, the barrier to water vapour under reduced stomatal conductance was highest in the native species.

scholarly journals Gas exchange and yield response to foliar phosphorus application in Phaseolus vulgaris L. under drought

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Guida dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Application

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar Pi application on gas exchange and yield of bean genotypes submitted to a mild water deficit at the pre-flowering stage. In the first experiment, when extra Pi (10 g.L-1) was sprayed on leaves during water stress or during recovery, there was no effect on gas exchange or yield in the A320, Carioca and Ouro Negro genotypes. However, net CO2 assimilation (A) of A320 and Ouro Negro was less affected, but not significantly, than Carioca at the end of the stress, when Pi was supplied five days before water deficit. In the second experiment, two different doses of Pi (10 and 20 g.Pi L-1) were sprayed five days before water deficit on the Carioca genotype. During the last three days of the mild water deficit, A values were significantly higher for the Pi20 treatment when compared to the control plants without extra Pi supply. The intrinsic water use efficiency for plants receiving Pi20 was significantly higher than for the other treatments. In addition, seed dry weight per plant was higher for plants receiving Pi20 dose than for plants with Pi10 and its control.

scholarly journals Influence of drought stress on growth, biochemical changes and leaf gas exchange of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60
Author(s):  
Yenni ◽  
◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Rosimah Nulit ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

<abstract> <p>Drought stress is one of the challenges that can affect the growth and the quality of strawberry. The study aims to determine the growth, biochemical changes and leaf gas exchange of three strawberry cultivars under drought stress. This study was conducted in a glasshouse at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, Indonesia, from July-November 2018. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design (RCBD) with three replications and four water deficit (WD) levels [100% field capacity (FC)/well-watered), 75% of FC (mild WD), 50% of FC (moderate WD), and 25% of FC (severe WD)] for three strawberry cultivars (Earlibrite, California and Sweet Charlie). The results showed that total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents (p ≤ 0.05) were influenced by the interaction effects of cultivars and water deficit. Whereas other parameters such as plant growth, transpiration rate (<italic>E</italic>), net photosynthesis (<italic>A</italic>), stomatal conductance (<italic>gs</italic>), leaf relative water content (LRWC), flowers and fruits numbers, proline content, length, diameter, weight and total soluble solid (TSS) of fruit were affected by water deficit. <italic>A</italic> had positive significant correlation with plant height (r = 0.808), leaf area (r = 0.777), fruit length (r = 0.906), fruit diameter (r = 0.889) and fruit weight (r = 0.891). Based on the results, cultivars affected LRWC, and also number of flowers and fruits of the strawberry. This study showed that water deficit decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange, leaf relative water content, length, diameter and weight of fruit but enhanced TSS, anthocyanin, MDA, and proline contents. Increased anthocyanin and proline contents are mechanisms for protecting plants against the effects of water stress. California strawberry had the highest numbers of flowers and fruits, and also anthocyanin content. Hence, this cultivar is recommended to be planted under drought stress conditions. Among all water stress treatments, 75% of FC had the best results to optimize water utilization on the strawberry plants.</p> </abstract>

Boron Supply and Water Deficit Consequences in Young Paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum) Plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca do Carmo SILVA ◽  
Pêola Reis de SOUZA ◽  
Daihany Moraes CALLEGARI ◽  
Vanessa Ferreira ALVES ◽  
Allan Klynger da Silva LOBATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Tolerance Mechanism ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
Use Efficiency

Boron (B) is a very important nutrient required by forest plants; when supplied in adequate amounts, plants can ameliorate the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to (i) investigate gas exchange, (ii) measure oxidant and antioxidant compounds, and (iii) respond how B supply acts on tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants. The experiment employed a factorial that was entirely randomised, with two boron levels (25 and 250 µmol L-1, simulating conditions of sufficient B and high B, respectively) and two water conditions (control and water deficit). Water deficit induced negative modifications on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency, while B high promoted intensification of the effects on stomatal conductance and water use efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage of both tissues suffered non-significant increases after B high and when applied water deficit. Ascorbate levels presented increases after water deficit and B high to leaf and root. Our results suggested that the tolerance mechanism to water deficit in young Schizolobium parahyba plants is coupled to increases in total glutathione and ascorbate aiming to control the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide and alleviates the negative consequences on electrolyte leakage and gas exchange. In relation to B supply, this study proved that sufficient level promoted better responses under control and water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Water Deficit Modulates the CO2 Fertilization Effect on Plant Gas Exchange and Leaf-Level Water Use Efficiency: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Dagang Guo ◽  
Xiaodong Gao ◽  
Xining Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stimulation Of

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([eCO2]) and soil water deficits significantly influence gas exchange in plant leaves, affecting the carbon-water cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how the soil water deficit modulates the plant CO2 fertilization effect, especially for gas exchange and leaf-level water use efficiency (WUE). Here, we synthesized a comprehensive dataset including 554 observations from 54 individual studies and quantified the responses for leaf gas exchange induced by e[CO2] under water deficit. Moreover, we investigated the contribution of plant net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and transpiration rates (Tr) toward WUE in water deficit conditions and e[CO2] using graphical vector analysis (GVA). In summary, e[CO2] significantly increased Pn and WUE by 11.9 and 29.3% under well-watered conditions, respectively, whereas the interaction of water deficit and e[CO2] slightly decreased Pn by 8.3%. Plants grown under light in an open environment were stimulated to a greater degree compared with plants grown under a lamp in a closed environment. Meanwhile, water deficit reduced Pn by 40.5 and 37.8%, while increasing WUE by 24.5 and 21.5% under ambient CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) and e[CO2], respectively. The e[CO2]-induced stimulation of WUE was attributed to the common effect of Pn and Tr, whereas a water deficit induced increase in WUE was linked to the decrease in Tr. These results suggested that water deficit lowered the stimulation of e[CO2] induced in plants. Therefore, fumigation conditions that closely mimic field conditions and multi-factorial experiments such as water availability are needed to predict the response of plants to future climate change.

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