scholarly journals Evidences for a Nutritional Role of Iodine in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kiferle ◽  
Marco Martinelli ◽  
Anna Maria Salzano ◽  
Silvia Gonzali ◽  
Sara Beltrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Functional Involvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Defence Response

Little is known about the role of iodine in plant physiology. We evaluated the impact of low concentrations of iodine on the phenotype, transcriptome and proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our experiments showed that removal of iodine from the nutrition solution compromises plant growth, and restoring it in micromolar concentrations is beneficial for biomass accumulation and leads to early flowering. In addition, iodine treatments specifically regulate the expression of several genes, mostly involved in the plant defence response, suggesting that iodine may protect against both biotic and abiotic stress. Finally, we demonstrated iodine organification in proteins. Our bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data revealed that iodinated proteins identified in the shoots are mainly associated with the chloroplast and are functionally involved in photosynthetic processes, whereas those in the roots mostly belong and/or are related to the action of various peroxidases. These results suggest the functional involvement of iodine in plant nutrition.

scholarly journals Evidences for a nutritional role of iodine in plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kiferle ◽  
Marco Martinelli ◽  
Anna Maria Salzano ◽  
Silvia Gonzali ◽  
Sara Beltrami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defence ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Defence Response

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the role of iodine in plant physiology. We evaluated the impact of low concentrations of iodine on the phenotype, transcriptome and proteome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Our experiments showed that removal of iodine from the nutrition solution compromises plant growth, and restoring it in micromolar concentrations is beneficial for biomass accumulation and leads to early flowering. In addition, iodine treatments specifically regulate the expression of several genes, mostly involved in the plant defence response, suggesting that iodine may protect against both biotic and abiotic stress. Finally, we demonstrated iodine organification in proteins. Our bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data revealed that iodinated proteins identified in the shoots are mainly associated with the chloroplast and are functionally involved in photosynthetic processes, whereas those in the roots mostly belong and/or are related to the action of various peroxidases. These results suggest that iodine should be considered as a plant nutrient.

scholarly journals microRNA mir-598-3p mediates susceptibility to stress-enhancement of remote fear memory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan E Jones ◽  
Stephanie E. Sillivan ◽  
Sarah Jamieson ◽  
Gavin Rumbaugh ◽  
Courtney A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTmicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potent regulators of learning, recent memory and extinction. However, our understanding of miRNAs directly involved in regulating complex psychiatric conditions perpetuated by aberrant memory, such as in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), remains limited. To begin to address the role of miRNAs in persistent memory, we performed small-RNA sequencing on basolateral amygdala (BLA) tissue to identify miRNAs altered by auditory fear conditioning (FC) one month after training. mir-598-3p, a highly conserved miRNA previously unstudied in the brain, was downregulated in the BLA. Further decreasing BLA mir-598-3p levels did not alter the expression or extinction of the remote fear memory. Given that stress is a critical component in PTSD, we next assessed the impact of stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) on mir-598-3p levels, finding the miRNA is elevated in the BLA of male, but not female, mice susceptible to the effects of stress in SEFL. Accordingly, intra-BLA inhibition of mir-598-3p interfered with expression and extinction of the remote fear memory in male, but not female, mice. This effect could not be attributed to an anxiolytic effect of miRNA inhibition. Finally, bioinformatic analysis following quantitative proteomics on BLA tissue collected 30 days post-SEFL training identified putative mir-598-3p targets and related pathways mediating the differential susceptibility, with evidence for regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analyses of Human Sperm Cells: Understanding the Role of Proteins and Molecular Pathways Affecting Male Reproductive Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Agarwal ◽  
Manesh Kumar Panner Selvam ◽  
Saradha Baskaran
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Sperm Proteins ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Male Reproductive Health

Human sperm proteomics research has gained increasing attention lately, which provides complete information about the functional state of the spermatozoa. Changes in the sperm proteome are evident in several male infertility associated conditions. Global proteomic tools, such as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight, are used to profile the sperm proteins to identify the molecular pathways that are defective in infertile men. This review discusses the use of proteomic techniques to analyze the spermatozoa proteome. It also highlights the general steps involved in global proteomic approaches including bioinformatic analysis of the sperm proteomic data. Also, we have presented the findings of major proteomic studies and possible biomarkers in the diagnosis and therapeutics of male infertility. Extensive research on sperm proteome will help in understanding the role of fertility associated sperm proteins. Validation of the sperm proteins as biomarkers in different male infertility conditions may aid the physician in better clinical management.

Gibberellin reduces the susceptibility of rice, Oryza sativa, to the migratory nematode Hirschmanniella oryzae

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lander Bauters ◽  
Mohammod Hossain ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Godelieve Gheysen
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Plant Defence Response

Summary Upon pathogen attack, the plant defence response is mediated by a set of connected signal transduction pathways, guided by several classes of plant hormones. In this study, experiments were conducted to observe the role of the plant hormone gibberellic acid in the response of rice to infection by the migratory root-rot nematode Hirschmanniella oryzae. Foliar treatments with gibberellic acid showed a negative effect on H. oryzae infection in the roots. Analyses of mutant rice lines impaired in the production or signalling of gibberellic acid confirmed the effect of the plant hormone on H. oryzae infection. Taken together, the results clearly indicate that gibberellic acid has a positive effect on the capability of the rice plant to fend off an infection by the migratory nematode H. oryzae.

Reactive oxygen species: influence on cerebral vascular tone

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Faraci
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Vascular Biology ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endothelium Dependent Relaxation ◽  
Cerebral Vascular

Reactive oxygen species have multiple effects on vascular cells. Defining the sources and the impact of the various reactive oxygen species within the vessel wall has emerged as a major area of study in vascular biology. This review will focus on recent findings related to effects of reactive oxygen species on cerebral vascular tone. Effects of superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, and the reactive nitrogen species peroxynitrite are summarized. Although higher concentrations may be important for cerebral vascular biology in disease, relatively low concentrations of reactive oxygen species may function as signaling molecules involved with normal regulation of cerebral vascular tone. The mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species affect vascular tone may be quite complex, and our understanding of these processes is increasing. Additionally, the role of reactive oxygen species as mediators of endothelium-dependent relaxation is addressed. Finally, the consequences of the molecular interactions of superoxide with nitric oxide and arachidonic acid are discussed.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Methylated Bismuth Compounds Produced by Intestinal Microorganisms toBacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a Member of the Physiological Intestinal Microbiota

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Bialek ◽  
Roland A. Diaz-Bone ◽  
Dominik Pieper ◽  
Markus Hollmann ◽  
Reinhard Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Maximum Cell Density ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Bismuth Compounds ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Maximum Cell ◽  
The Impact

Methanoarchaea have an outstanding capability to methylate numerous metal(loid)s therefore producing toxic and highly mobile derivatives. Here, we report that the production of methylated bismuth species by the methanoarchaeumMethanobrevibacter smithii, a common member of the human intestine, impairs the growth of members of the beneficial intestinal microbiota at low concentrations. The bacteriumBacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which is of great importance for the welfare of the host due to its versatile digestive abilities and its protective function for the intestine, is highly sensitive against methylated, but not against inorganic, bismuth species. The level of methylated bismuth species produced by the methanoarchaeumM. smithiiin a coculture experiment causes a reduction of the maximum cell density ofB. thetaiotaomicron. This observation suggests that the production of methylated organometal(loid) species in the human intestine, caused by the activity of methanoarchaea, may affect the health of the host. The impact of the species to reduce the number of the physiological intestinal microbiota brings an additional focus on the potentially harmful role of methanoarchaea in the intestine of a higher organism.

scholarly journals NACC-1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell malignancy and is targeted by miR-760

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-309
Author(s):  
Linan Yin ◽  
Tingting Sun ◽  
Ruibao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prominent form of presentation in liver cancer. It is also the fourth most common cause of cancer-associated deaths globally. The role of nucleus accumbens associated protein-1 (NACC-1) has been evaluated in several cancers. This protein is a transcriptional regulator that regulates a number of significant cellular processes. In the current study, we aimed to understand the role of NACC-1 in HCC. Primarily, we measured the expression of NACC-1 using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. We knocked down the expression of NACC-1 in HCC cell lines Huh7 and HepG2 by transferring a commercially synthesized small interfering RNA and explored the impact of NACC-1 knockdown on cellular growth, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance to doxorubicin. Through bioinformatic analysis, we identified NACC-1 as a potential target of miR-760. Using a dual reporter luciferase assay, we confirmed the predicted target and assessed miR-760-mediated regulation of NACC-1 and rescue of tumorigenic phenotypes. We observed increased expression of NACC-1 in HCC. Furthermore, knockdown of NACC-1 resulted in reduced cell proliferation and invasion and increased susceptibility to doxorubicin-mediated chemosensitivity. Overexpression of miR-760 in HCC cell lines rescued NACC-1-mediated migration and invasion. We revealed that miR-760 regulated NACC-1 expression in HCC. Our data indicated that both miR-760 and NACC-1 could be used as prognostic markers, and miR-760 may have therapeutic benefits for HCC and other cancers.

scholarly journals The Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Quinolone WCK 771 Has Potent Activity against Sequentially Selected Mutants, Has a Narrow Mutant Selection Window against Quinolone-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Preferentially Targets DNA Gyrase

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 3568-3579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin S. Bhagwat ◽  
Lakshmi A. Mundkur ◽  
Shrikant V. Gupte ◽  
Mahesh V. Patel ◽  
Habil F. Khorakiwala
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Primary Target ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Mutant Selection ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Selection Window ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT WCK 771 is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against quinolone-resistant staphylococci. To understand the impact of the target-level interactions of WCK 771 on its antistaphylococcal pharmacodynamic properties, we determined the MICs for genetically defined mutants and studied the mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs), the frequency of mutation, and the cidality against the wild type and double mutants. There was a twofold increase in the MICs of WCK 771 for single gyrA mutants, indicating that DNA gyrase is its primary target. All first- and second-step mutants selected by WCK 771 revealed gyrA and grlA mutations, respectively. The MICs of WCK 771 and clinafloxacin were found to be superior to those of other quinolones against strains with double and triple mutations. WCK 771 was also cidal for high-density double mutants at low concentrations. WCK 771 and clinafloxacin showed narrow mutant selection windows compared to those of the other quinolones. Against a panel of 50 high-level quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of staphylococci (ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 16 μg/ml), the WCK 771 MPCs were ≤2 μg/ml for 68% of the strains and ≤4 μg/ml for 28% of the strains. Our results demonstrate that gyrA is the primary target of WCK 771 and that it has pharmacodynamic properties remarkably different from those of quinolones with dual targets (garenoxacin and moxifloxacin) and topoisomerase IV-specific quinolones (trovafloxacin). WCK 771 displayed an activity profile comparable to that of clinafloxacin, a dual-acting quinolone with a high affinity to DNA gyrase. Overall, the findings signify the key role of DNA gyrase in determining the optimal antistaphylococcal features of quinolones.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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