Regulation of Photosystem II Heterogeneity and Photochemistry in Two Cultivars of C4 Crop Sugarcane Under Chilling Stress

In subtropical regions, chilling stress is one of the major constraints for sugarcane cultivation, which hampers yield and sugar production. Two recently released sugarcane cultivars, moderately chilling tolerant Guitang 49 and chilling tolerant Guitang 28, were selected. The experiments were conducted in the controlled environment, and seedlings were exposed to optimum (25°C/15°C), chilling (10°C/5°C), and recovery (25°C/15°C) temperature conditions. PSII heterogeneity was studied in terms of reducing side and antenna size heterogeneity. Under chilling, reducing side heterogeneity resulted in increased number of QB non-reducing centers, whereas antenna side heterogeneity resulted in enhanced number of inactive β centers in both cultivars, but the magnitude of change was higher in Guitang 49 than Guitang 28. Furthermore, in both cultivars, quantum efficiency of PSII, status of water splitting complex, and performance index were adversely affected by chilling, along with reduction in net photosynthesis rate and nighttime respiration and alterations in leaf optical properties. The extents of negative effect on these parameters were larger in Guitang 49 than in Guitang 28. These results reveal a clear differentiation in PSII heterogeneity between differentially chilling tolerant cultivars. Based on our studies, it is concluded that PSII heterogeneity can be used as an additional non-invasive and novel technique for evaluating any type of environmental stress in plants.

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Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) for industrial and medical applications-An Overview

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v11i1.577 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 2897-2908

Author(s):

Mohammed S.Aljohani

Keyword(s):

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Electrical Capacitance ◽

Image Reconstruction Techniques ◽

Phase Dynamics ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography ◽

And Performance ◽

Optimization And Performance

Tomography is a non-invasive, non-intrusive imaging technique allowing the visualization of phase dynamics in industrial and biological processes. This article reviews progress in Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT). ECVT is a direct 3D visualizing technique, unlike three-dimensional imaging, which is based on stacking 2D images to obtain an interpolated 3D image. ECVT has recently matured for real time, non-invasive 3-D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrast in dielectric permittivity. In this article, ECVT sensor design, optimization and performance of various sensors seen in literature are summarized. Qualitative Analysis of ECVT image reconstruction techniques has also been presented.

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Visual search behavior and performance in luggage screening: effects of time pressure, automation aid, and target expectancy

Cognitive Research Principles and Implications ◽

10.1186/s41235-021-00280-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tobias Rieger ◽

Lydia Heilmann ◽

Dietrich Manzey

Keyword(s):

Visual Search ◽

Target Location ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Response Times ◽

Search Behavior ◽

High Time ◽

Luggage Screening ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Performance ◽

Automated Support

AbstractVisual inspection of luggage using X-ray technology at airports is a time-sensitive task that is often supported by automated systems to increase performance and reduce workload. The present study evaluated how time pressure and automation support influence visual search behavior and performance in a simulated luggage screening task. Moreover, we also investigated how target expectancy (i.e., targets appearing in a target-often location or not) influenced performance and visual search behavior. We used a paradigm where participants used the mouse to uncover a portion of the screen which allowed us to track how much of the stimulus participants uncovered prior to their decision. Participants were randomly assigned to either a high (5-s time per trial) or a low (10-s time per trial) time-pressure condition. In half of the trials, participants were supported by an automated diagnostic aid (85% reliability) in deciding whether a threat item was present. Moreover, within each half, in target-present trials, targets appeared in a predictable location (i.e., 70% of targets appeared in the same quadrant of the image) to investigate effects of target expectancy. The results revealed better detection performance with low time pressure and faster response times with high time pressure. There was an overall negative effect of automation support because the automation was only moderately reliable. Participants also uncovered a smaller amount of the stimulus under high time pressure in target-absent trials. Target expectancy of target location improved accuracy, speed, and the amount of uncovered space needed for the search.Significance Statement Luggage screening is a safety–critical real-world visual search task which often has to be done under time pressure. The present research found that time pressure compromises performance and increases the risk to miss critical items even with automation support. Moreover, even highly reliable automated support may not improve performance if it does not exceed the manual capabilities of the human screener. Lastly, the present research also showed that heuristic search strategies (e.g., areas where targets appear more often) seem to guide attention also in luggage screening.

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Impact of Electronic Monitoring on Employees: A Meta-Analysis

10.31234/osf.io/fk5ez ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rudolf Siegel ◽

Cornelius J. König ◽

Veronika Lazar

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Electronic Monitoring ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Well Being ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Performance ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Small Positive Effect

Electronic monitoring is more and more widespread and affects many employees around the globe. The current meta analysis collected data of 59 independent samples (with 223 effect sizes) to estimate the effect of electronic monitoring on job satisfaction, stress, and performance. A random-effects model indicated a small negative effect of monitoring on job satisfaction, r=-.09, and a small positive effect on stress, r=.12. There was no relationship with performance, r=-.01. Even if the effects of monitoring on job satisfaction and stress are small, taking the large number of employees who are monitored for several hours a day into account, these effects may have a severe and negative impact on employees’ well-being. Performance maintenance is the main justification for the use of electronic monitoring, but the non-existing relationship of monitoring with performance questions the validity of this justification.

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The Impact of Covid-19 on Physical Education: Mobility-Restrictive Measures on the Remote Learning Setup

International Journal of Asian Social Science ◽

10.18488/journal.1.2021.1110.474.489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 474-489

Author(s):

Rowena Nery Monte ◽

Aivi Reyes Buan

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

The Philippines ◽

New Normal ◽

First Semester ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Performance ◽

Restrictive Measures ◽

The University ◽

The Impact ◽

Remote Learning

The remote learning setup engendered numerous disadvantages to both learner and educator. Mental health, accessibility affected by one’s socioeconomic classification, availability of technological apparatuses, and lack of social integration are some of the reported disadvantages caused by remote learning. The effects are far more notable in subjects that demand physical activities given that several prerequisites must be accessible to the learner for him/her to successfully participate. To specifically assess the impact of this new normal in physical education, a specific course offering in University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Human Kinetics 12: Walking for Fitness, is examined through a quantitative study involving students who were enrolled. Surveys and other statistical tools are utilized to yield accurate data about the impact of mobility-restrictive measures to the perception and performance of the students. The findings of this study revealed what they feel about the quarantines and lockdowns have a negative effect to their perception and performance in HK12: Walking for Fitness. Besides the fact that the policies are meant to restrict mobility and that HK12: Walking for Fitness requires mobility, it must also be considered that the First Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021 is the first semester of the university to observe remote learning. Even though the study did not capture such behavior, it must be noted that the drastic shift to online classes made it difficult to students to cope with the new normal in education.

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Review on automated follicle identification for polycystic ovarian syndrome

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.11591/eei.v9i2.2089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A A Nazarudin ◽

Noraishikin Zulkarnain ◽

A. Hussain ◽

S. S. Mokri ◽

I. N. A. M. Nordin

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Speckle Noise ◽

Future Research ◽

Health Treatment ◽

Time Consumption ◽

Non Invasive ◽

And Performance ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), is a condition of the ovary consisting numerous follicles. Accurate size and number of follicles detected are crucial for treatment. Hence the diagnosis of this condition is by measuring and calculating the size and number of follicles existed in the ovary. For diagnosis, ultrasound imaging has become an effective tool as it is non-invasive, inexpensive and portable. However, the presence of speckle noise in ultrasound imaging has caused an obstruction for manual diagnosis which are high time consumption and often produce errors. Thus, image segmentation for ultrasound imaging is critical to identify follicles for PCOS diagnosis and proper health treatment. This paper presents different methods proposed and applied in automated follicle identification for PCOS diagnosis by previous researchers. In this paper, the methods and performance evaluation are identified and compared. Finally, this paper also provided suggestions in developing methods for future research.

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Chronic Liver Disease in Homeless Individuals and Performance of Non‐Invasive Liver Fibrosis and Injury Markers: VALID Study

Liver International ◽

10.1111/liv.15122 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A Hashim ◽

S Bremner ◽

JI Grove ◽

S Astbury ◽

M Mengozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Chronic Liver Disease ◽

Chronic Liver ◽

Non Invasive ◽

And Performance

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Xenon lamps used for fruit surface sterilization can increase the content of total flavonols in leaves of Lactuca sativa L. without any negative effect on net photosynthesis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0223787 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. e0223787 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Salah Fgaier ◽

Mônica Maria de Almeida Lopes ◽

Ebenézer de Oliveira Silva ◽

Jawad Aarrouf ◽

Laurent Urban

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Surface Sterilization ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Xenon Lamps ◽

Fruit Surface

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Business Strategy, Accounting Conservatism and Performance

Accounting and Finance Research ◽

10.5430/afr.v9n2p23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Han Li

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Internal Control ◽

Business Strategy ◽

Joint Effect ◽

Accounting Conservatism ◽

Governance Mechanism ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Corporate Governance Mechanism ◽

And Performance

This research consists with prior business strategy typology and accounting conservatism theories. It investigates the joint effect of business strategy and accounting conservatism on the firm’s financial performance. The paper finds that accounting conservatism as a prudent accounting reporting principle plays an important corporate governance mechanism. The conservatism can mitigate the negative effect of the aggressive business strategy. The joint effect between business strategy and accounting conservatism is positively related with financial performance. The result is robustness when the different measurements of the strategy and the conservatism are applied. When the firm has weak internal control quality, the joint effect on financial performance also exists significantly.

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Insurance regulations, risk and performance in Ghana

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance ◽

10.1108/jfrc-09-2018-0126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 74-96

Author(s):

Baah Aye Kusi ◽

Abdul Latif Alhassan ◽

Daniel Ofori-Sasu ◽

Rockson Sai

Keyword(s):

Random Effect ◽

Least Square ◽

Insurance Market ◽

Content Type ◽

Ordinary Least Square ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Performance ◽

First Time

Purpose This study aims to examine the hypothesis that the effect of insurer risks on profitability is conditional on regulation, using two main regulatory directives in the Ghanaian insurance market as a case study. Design/methodology/approach This study used the robust ordinary least square and random effect techniques in a panel data of 30 insurers from 2009 to 2015 to test the research hypothesis. Findings The results suggest that regulations on no credit premium and required capital have insignificant effects on profitability of insurers. On the contrary, this study documents evidence that both policies mitigate the effect of underwriting risk on profitability and suggests that regulations significantly mitigate the negative effect of underwriting risk to improve profitability. Practical implications The finding suggests that policymakers and regulators must continue to initiate, design and model regulations such that they help tame risk to improve the performance of insurers in Ghana. Originality/value This study provides first-time evidence on the role of regulations in controlling risks in a developing insurance market.

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