scholarly journals Assessing the Suitability of Elite Lines for Hybrid Seed Production and as Testers in Wide Crosses With Wheat Genetic Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Schneider ◽  
Marcel O. Berkner ◽  
Norman Philipp ◽  
Albert W. Schulthess ◽  
Jochen C. Reif
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Hybrid Strategy

The use of genetic resources in breeding is considered critical to ensure future selection gain, but the absence of important adaptation genes often masks the breeding value of genetic resources for grain yield. Testing genetic resources in a hybrid background has been proposed as a solution to obtain unbiased estimates of breeding values for grain yield. In our study, we evaluated the suitability of European wheat elite lines for implementing this hybrid strategy, focusing on maximizing seed yield in hybrid production and reducing masking effects due to susceptibility to lodging, yellow rust, and leaf rust of genetic resources. Over a 3-year period, 63 wheat elite female lines were crossed with eight male plant genetic resources in a multi-environment field experiment to evaluate seed yield on the female side. Then, the resulting hybrids and their parents were tested for plant height, lodging, and susceptibility to yellow rust and leaf rust in a further field experiment at multiple locations. We found that seed yield was strongly influenced by the elite wheat line choice in addition to environment and observed substantial differences among elite tester lines in their ability to reduce susceptibility to lodging, yellow rust, and leaf rust when the hybrid strategy was implemented. Consequently, breeders can significantly increase the amount of hybrid seed produced in wide crosses through appropriate tester choice and adapt genetic resources of wheat with the hybrid strategy to the modern cropping system.

scholarly journals GiPS: Genomics-informed parent selection uncovers the breeding value of wheat genetic resources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert W. Schulthess ◽  
Sandip M. Kale ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yusheng Zhao ◽  
Norman Philipp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Parent Selection ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Multiple Field

The great efforts spent in the maintenance of past diversity in genebanks are rationalized by the potential role of plant genetic resources in future crop improvement: a concept whose practical implementation has fallen short of expectations. Here, we implement genomics-informed parent selection to expedite pre-breeding without discriminating against non-adapted germplasm. We collect dense genetic profiles for a large winter wheat collection and evaluate grain yield and resistance to yellow rust in representative coresets. Genomic prediction within and across genebanks identified the best parents for PGR x elite derived crosses that outyielded current elite cultivars in multiple field trials.

scholarly journals Effect of canopy relative humidity on growth and yield of pigeonpea + kalmegh intercropping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
J. P. Bholane ◽  
V. M. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
System Effect ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Herbage Yield

A field experiment was conducted at Nagarjun Medicinal Garden, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2009-10 to determine suitable row proportion for pigeonpea + kalmegh intercropping system. Effect of weather parameter such as canopy relative humidity on growth and yield of pigeonpea and kalmegh was studied. Further, canopy relative humidity showed decreasing pattern with the advancement in age of the crop. In pigeonpea maximum morning canopy relative humidity was observed with 2:1 row proportions, however evening canopy relative humidity was maximum with 2:2 row proportion. Dry matter and grain yield of pigeonpea showed positive and negative correlation with morning and evening canopy relative humidity, respectively. While herbage yield, seed yield and andrographoloide yield of kalmegh reported negative and positive correlation with morning and evening canopy relative humidity, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of Appropriate Doses of GA3 and Row Ratio for Better Seed Yield of a Promising Hybrid Rice Variety

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
MJ Hasan ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
A Akter ◽  
MU Kulsum ◽  
A Islam
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Research Institute

A field experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur during dry season 2013-14 to find out the appropriate GA3 dose and row ratio for hybrid seed production. GA3 doses were applied @ 0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 g ha-1 with different row ratio. Results revealed that GA3 application influenced the panicle exsertion rate only. The calculated optimum GA3 dose was 302.4 g ha-1 with the highest PER (84.62%). Seed yield and OCR were influenced by row ratio. The highest OCR was observed with 2:12 row ratio while the highest seed yield was found in 2:14 row ratio.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(1): 57-61

scholarly journals Studies on impact of canopy temperature on growth and yield of pigeonpea + kalmegh intercropping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
J.P. Bholane ◽  
Kavita D. Rajput ◽  
V. M. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted at Nagarjun Medicinal Garden, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola during 2009-10 to determine suitable row proportion for pigeonpea + kalmegh intercropping system. Canopy temperature showed decreasing pattern with the advancement in age of the crop. Maximum thermal use efficiency (TUE) in pigeonpea and kalmegh was noticed with 2:1 (3.43 kg/ha/DºC) and 1:1 (0.72 kg/ha/DºC) row proportion. Dry matter and grain yield of pigeonpea recorded positive and negative correlation respectively with canopy temperature. While, herbage yield, seed yield and andrographoloide yield of kalmegh recorded positive correlation with morning canopy temperature and negative correlation with evening canopy temperature.

scholarly journals Modeling multiple phenotypes in wheat using data-driven genomic exploratory factor analysis and Bayesian network learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Momen ◽  
Madhav Bhatta ◽  
Waseem Hussain ◽  
Haipeng Yu ◽  
Gota Morota
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Data Driven

AbstractInferring trait networks from a large volume of genetically correlated diverse phenotypes such as yield, architecture, and disease resistance can provide information on the manner in which complex phenotypes are interrelated. However, studies on statistical methods tailored to multi-dimensional phenotypes are limited, whereas numerous methods are available for evaluating the massive number of genetic markers. Factor analysis operates at the level of latent variables predicted to generate observed responses. The objectives of this study were to illustrate the manner in which data-driven exploratory factor analysis can map observed phenotypes into a smaller number of latent variables and infer a genomic latent factor network using 45 agro-morphological, disease, and grain mineral phenotypes measured in synthetic hexaploid wheat lines (Triticum Aestivum L.). In total, eight latent factors including grain yield, architecture, flag leaf-related traits, grain minerals, yellow rust, two types of stem rust, and leaf rust were identified as common sources of the observed phenotypes. The genetic component of the factor scores for each latent variable was fed into a Bayesian network to obtain a trait structure reflecting the genetic interdependency among traits. Three directed paths were consistently identified by two Bayesian network algorithms. Flag leaf-related traits influenced leaf rust, and yellow rust and stem rust influenced grain yield. Additional paths that were identified included flag leaf-related traits to minerals and minerals to architecture. This study shows that data-driven exploratory factor analysis can reveal smaller dimensional common latent phenotypes that are likely to give rise to numerous observed field phenotypes without relying on prior biological knowledge. The inferred genomic latent factor structure from the Bayesian network provides insights for plant breeding to simultaneously improve multiple traits, as an intervention on one trait will affect the values of focal phenotypes in an interrelated complex trait system.

Proof of concept to unmask the breeding value of genetic resources of barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) with a hybrid strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-549
Author(s):  
Leonhard Sommer ◽  
Monika Spiller ◽  
Gunther Stiewe ◽  
Klaus Pillen ◽  
Jochen C. Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Hybrid Strategy

Alternaria and Cercospora Leaf Spot Diseases of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) – A Traditional Tribal Crop of South Gujarat, India, with Cost Benefit Ratio in Relation to Different Fungicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
P.B. Sandipan ◽  
P.K. Jagtap ◽  
M.C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Guizotia Abyssinica ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

Abstract Niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) is an important minor oil seed crop grown in dry areas grown mostly by tribal and interior places as life line of tribal segment. Tribal people mainly use its oil for cooking purpose, above than that there were also other uses. Hence, the niger crop should be protected from the infection. The crop is affected by number of fungal diseases. Therefore, a field experiment was formulated for three years with the four replications at the Niger Research Station (NRS) at Navsari Agricultural University (NAU), Vanarasi, Navsari (Gujarat) on the foliar diseases of GN-1 variety of niger crop. In this experiment, six different fungicides along with one control have been evaluated to control the Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases, out of which all the fungicidal treatments were significantly superior over the control. Here, foliar spray on the incidence of diseases was compared with the control (without any treatment). All the fungicidal treatments were significantly superior over the control to reduce Alternaria and Cercospora leaf spot diseases of Niger crop. Treatment of Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.2 %) with two sprays first from the initiation of the disease and second after the interval of 15 days recorded the lowest incidence of Alternaria (14.56) and Cercospora (14.94) leaf spot diseases of niger and recorded the highest seed yield 337 seed yield kg/ha along with the net return with cost benefit ratio graph.

Study onGenetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PUNIT KUMAR ◽  
VICHITRA KUMAR ARYA ◽  
PRADEEP KUMAR ◽  
LOKENDRA KUMAR ◽  
JOGENDRA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component traits was made in 40 genotypes of riceduring kharif 2011-2012 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 13 traits under study.The genotypes namely CN 1446-5-8-17-1-MLD4 and CR 2706 recorded highest mean performance for panicles per hill and grain yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variances (VG and VP) were recorded for spikelets per panicle (3595.78 and 3642.41) followed by biological yield (355.72 and 360.62) and plant height (231.48 and 234.35).High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, flag leaf length, panicles per hill, tillers per hill, days to maturity, spikelet’s per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, indicating that selection will be effective based on these traits because they were under the influence of additive and additive x additive type of gene action. Highest coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was recorded for tillers per hill (18.42% and 17.23%), panicle per hill (19.76 % and 18.68%), spikelet’s per panicle (34.30 and34.07 %), biological yield (28.31 % and 28.12 %), 1000 grain weight (15.57 % and 15 31 %) and grain yield (46.66% and 23.54 %), indicating that these traits are under the major influence of genetic control, therefore the above mentioned traits contributed maximum to higher grain yield compared to other traits, indicating grain yield improvement through the associated traits.

scholarly journals Fungicide Application Affects Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency, Grain Yield, and Quality of Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Ahossi Patrice Koua ◽  
Mirza Majid Baig ◽  
Benedict Chijioke Oyiga ◽  
Jens Léon ◽  
Agim Ballvora
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fungicide Application

Nitrogen (N) is a vital component of crop production. Wheat yield varies significantly under different soil available N. Knowing how wheat responds to or interacts with N to produce grains is essential in the selection of N use efficient cultivars. We assessed in this study variations among wheat genotypes for productivity-related traits under three cropping systems (CS), high-nitrogen with fungicide (HN-WF), high-nitrogen without fungicide (HN-NF) and low-nitrogen without fungicide (LN-NF) in the 2015, 2016 and 2017 seasons. ANOVA results showed genotypes, CS, and their interactions significantly affected agronomic traits. Grain yield (GY) increased with higher leaf chlorophyll content, importantly under CS without N and fungicide supply. Yellow rust disease reduced the GY by 20% and 28% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Moreover, averaged over growing seasons, GY was increased by 23.78% under CS with N supply, while it was greatly increased, by 52.84%, under CS with both N and fungicide application, indicating a synergistic effect of N and fungicide on GY. Fungicide supply greatly improved the crop ability to accumulate N during grain filling, and hence the grain protein content. Recently released cultivars outperformed the older ones in most agronomic traits including GY. Genotype performance and stability analysis for GY production showed differences in their stability levels under the three CS. The synergistic effect of nitrogen and fungicide on grain yield (GY) and the differences in yield stability levels of recently released wheat cultivars across three CS found in this study suggest that resource use efficiency can be improved via cultivar selection for targeted CS.

scholarly journals Potential yield of soybean promising lines in acid soil of Central Lampung, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Similar Soil

Most of Indonesia dryland is covered by acid soil which lead to the decreasing potential yield of the crops. In different areas soybean potential yield also different depends on the different soil pH and the availability of the soil. The objective of the research was to study the potential yield of soybean promising lines in acid soil of Central Lampung, Indonesia. Ten promising lines and two check varieties (Tanggamus and Wilis) were grown in acid soil with pH 4.7. The results showed that the highest seed yield was showed by SC5P2P3.5.4.1-5 with 2.51 t/ha. Other soybean promising lines with seed yield over than 2 t/ha-1 was SJ-5/Msr.99.5.4.5-1-6-1 and the check variety Tanggamus. The highest yield of SC5P2P3.5.4.1-5 was caused by the high number of filled pods and the large of seed size. Other nine promising lines also can be developed to obtained grain yield as many as Tanggamus yield in the area with similar soil and climate conditions.

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