scholarly journals A Roadmap for Participatory Chestnut Breeding for Nut Production in the Eastern United States

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Revord ◽  
Gregory Miller ◽  
Nicholas A. Meier ◽  
John Bryan Webber ◽  
Jeanne Romero-Severson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Structural Capacity ◽  
Participatory Breeding ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
The University ◽  
On Farm

Chestnut cultivation for nut production is increasing in the eastern half of the United States. Chinese chestnuts (Castanea mollissima Blume), or Chinese hybrids with European (C. sativa Mill.) and Japanese chestnuts (C. crenata Sieb. & Zucc.), are cultivated due to their high kernel quality, climatic adaptation, and disease resistance. Several hundred thousand pounds of high-quality fresh nuts are taken to market every fall, and several hundred additional orchards are entering bearing years. Grower-led on-farm improvement has largely facilitated this growth. A lack of significant investments in chestnut breeding in the region, paired with issues of graft incompatibility, has led many growers to cultivate seedlings of cultivars rather than grafted cultivars. After decades of evaluation, selection, and sharing of plant materials, growers have reached a threshold of improvement where commercial seedling orchards can be reliably established by planting offspring from elite selected parents. Growers recognize that if cooperation persists and university expertise and resources are enlisted, improvement can continue and accelerate. To this end, the University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry (UMCA) and chestnut growers throughout the eastern United States are partnering to formalize a participatory breeding program – the Chestnut Improvement Network. This partnership entails the UMCA providing an organizational structure and leadership to coordinate on-farm improvement, implement strategic crossing schemes, and integrate genetic tools. Chestnut growers offer structural capacity by cultivating seedling production orchards that provide financial support for the grower but also house segregating populations with improved individuals, in situ repositories, and selection trials, creating great value for the industry.

scholarly journals Descriptions of Chestnut Cultivars for Nut Production in the Eastern and Midwestern United States

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Revord ◽  
J. Michael Nave ◽  
Ronald S. Revord ◽  
J. Michael Nave ◽  
Gregory Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Chinese Chestnut ◽  
Nut Production ◽  
The University ◽  
On Farm

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) and other Castanea species (Castanea spp. Mill.) have been imported and circulated among growers and scientists in the United States for more than a century. Initially, importations of C. mollissima after 1914 were motivated by efforts to restore the American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.], with interests in timber-type characters and chestnut blight resistance. Chestnut for orchard nut production spun off from these early works. Starting in the early 20th century, open-pollinated seeds from seedlings of Chinese chestnut and other Castanea species were distributed widely to interested growers throughout much of the eastern United States to plant and evaluate. Germplasm curation and sharing increased quite robustly through grower networks over the 20th century and continues today. More than 100 cultivars have been named in the United States, although a smaller subset remains relevant for commercial production and breeding. The University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry curates and maintains a repository of more than 60 cultivars, and open-pollinated seed from this collection has been provided to growers since 2008. Currently, more than 1000 farms cultivate seedlings or grafted trees of the cultivars in this collection, and interest in participatory on-farm research is high. Here, we report descriptions of 57 of the collection’s cultivars as a comprehensive, readily accessible resource to support continued participatory research.

Establishment of GPS Strain Monitoring Networks in the Eastern United States

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-317
Author(s):  
W. E. Strange
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Strain Monitoring ◽  
Gps Networks ◽  
The University

Abstract The National Geodetic Survey (NGS) in cooperation with a number of federal agencies, state and local groups and universities is establishing GPS networks in the United States, east of the Rocky Mountains, which can be used to monitor strain and vertical deformation. These GPS networks are tied to a framework of some 14 fixed and mobile VLBI sites. In cooperation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), NGS established a 45 station GPS regional network in Nov.–Dec. 1987 which is tied to the VLBI framework. This network is scheduled for reobservation in 1989 and funds permitting, at regular intervals thereafter. A number of additional, more dense networks have been or are in the process of being established. The Tennessee Department of Transportation has established a 60 station statewide network to act as a reference network for surveying in conjunction with road construction. This network is expected to have an accuracy of a few parts in 107. NGS in cooperation with the NRC and the University of Maine established in 1986 a high accuracy GPS network in southeast Maine. In 1987 NGS in support of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has established approximately 100 stations throughout Ohio with an accuracy in the 1:106 to 1:107 range. Toward the end of 1988, NGS, working in conjunction with several state agencies and the University of Florida, will establish a statewide network of about 140 stations with an accuracy in the 1:106 to 1:107 range. NGS, in cooperation with the Department of Energy, has also established a high accuracy to 1:107 to 1:108 GPS traverse from Florida to Maine connecting stations at tide gauge sites. The State of Texas is establishing a number of permanent GPS stations in support of highway surveying. These stations will allow strain monitoring across Texas at the 1:108 level. Additional networks are in the planning stage. It is clear that large numbers of high accuracy GPS networks are being established throughout the eastern United States. Many of these networks are being established for other than geophysical purposes. In many cases the state highway departments and others are interested only in 1:106 accuracy. As a practical matter this means that to assure 1:106 accuracy a few parts in 107 accuracy (1 to 3 cm over 100 kms) is often attained, but this is by no means certain. Also there are normally no plans for systematic resurveys, only replacement of destroyed monuments. A challenge to the geophysical community is to interact with the groups undertaking the high accuracy surveys to assure that, at points of geophysical interest, satisfactory accuracies are achieved during initial epoch measurements. This means that a satisfactory number of observations are obtained and high accuracy reduction methods are used in obtaining differential positions from the data. The geophysical community must also develop plans for resurvey of geophysically interesting network components on a systematic basis.

The Panama Star, Forerunner Of Isthmian Journalism

1945 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-348
Author(s):  
Aristides G. Typaldos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Panama City ◽  
The University

The author, assistant manager of the Panama City Star-Herald, was one of twelve Latin-American newspaper men studying journalism last year in universities of the United States. He was a student at the University of Missouri.

More than beer : the complex career of Adolphus Busch

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Todd Barnett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
The World ◽  
Family Connections ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The University ◽  
Industrial Company

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Adolphus Busch was cofounder of the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Association. During Busch's lifetime, Anheuser-Busch became the largest brewing company in the United States It survived Prohibition, and still survives today in the form of its successor, AB-InBev, the largest brewing company in the world. Busch is mostly remembered as the president of Anheuser-Busch, but his career was more complex. Adolphus Busch immigrated to the United States in 1857 as part of a chain of other Busch family members. There Busch utilized ethnic and family connections, such as Eberhard Anheuser, his father-in-law and eventual partner at Anheuser-Busch. Busch made innovations, such as pasteurized bottled beer, a fleet of refrigerator cars, and a network of ice depots, which transformed the brewing industry from the local to national and international in scope. He then used his brewing industry profits to fund a number of other ventures. Busch introduced the diesel engine to North America, and once held a monopoly on its manufacture. He made plans to build "the greatest industrial company in the world” through a highly orchestrated conglomeration of investments in oil, natural gas, coal, engine, machine, utility, and transportation companies. At every step, Busch depended on a network of friends and family to provide leadership and synergy between his companies. Thus, while he is mostly remembered as a brewer, Busch's career was always about more than beer.

"Slaves to rum" : alcohol, temperance, and race in America, 1800-1920

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mackenzie Tor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Temperance Movement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Black men and women heralded the cause of the temperance movement, the organized push to combat Americans' excessive drinking habits. This thesis centers on the origins of their advocacy in the context of debates over slavery, prejudice, and segregation in the United States. White Americans justified their racism by constructing images of Black 'degradation'. Implicit in this racist conception was the idea that Black Americans were unable to control themselves, including around alcohol. White people thus feared that Black alcohol consumption would breed crime and racial violence. Armed with this fantasy of criminality, white reformers set out to suppress Black Americans and maintain their social and political power. Black reformers contested these attempts from the origins of their temperance crusade in the 1820s until Prohibition a full century later. Men and women organized across the North and, after emancipation, the South in order to formulate a response to ideas of degradation and drunkenness. Namely, they refused to drink at all. Black Americans were among the most vociferous proponents of temperance, arguing that abstention from alcohol would eventually lead to their freedom and equality within the United States. By observing racial strife over the course of the long nineteenth century, this thesis ultimately demonstrates how understandings of alcohol provide a window into the history of racial injustice in America.

Condensation: A Check List of Current Techniques

1951 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Robert G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Check List ◽  
Daily Mail ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The University

Harassed by newsprint shortages, dailies in both Britain and the United States have developed new methods for conserving space. This article is the outgrowth of Mr. Martin's M.A. thesis at the University of Missouri on “An Analysis of Condensation in the London Daily Mail.”

Campus Protests, Casting, and Institutionalized Violence: The Unique Role of the Theatre Department in Institutions of Higher Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-397
Author(s):  
Catherine Ming T'ien Duffly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Student Activists ◽  
College And University ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University

In looking forward to the important issues of this coming decade, we need only turn to the events of the past year for a sense of what is at stake for theatre, performance, and performance pedagogy. Last year, student activists protested racism on college and university campuses across the United States. At Yale, students protested the hostile racial climate on campus following several incidents, including a professor's dismissal of concerns about racist Halloween costumes, numerous swastika graffiti, and the explicit exclusion of black women from fraternity events. At the University of Missouri, the student group Concerned Student 1950—named for the year the first black students were admitted to the university—called for the resignation of university president, Tim Wolfe, citing the administration's inaction in the face of numerous racist incidents on campus. At Ithaca College, Claremont McKenna University, the University of Kansas, and many other colleges and universities across the United States, students held rallies, performed die-ins, and signed petitions in support of students at the University of Missouri and Yale and to call attention to inequality on their own campuses. Set against the backdrop of Ferguson and an increased awareness of institutionalized violence against black and brown bodies, these events remind us that colleges and universities have always been sites where racial discrimination and inequality have been both perpetuated and protested.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

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