scholarly journals Effects of Root Zone Warming on Maize Seedling Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics Under Different Phosphorus Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenqing Xia ◽  
Shibo Zhang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Guixin Zhang ◽  
Yafang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Zone Temperature

Phosphorus content and root zone temperature are two major environmental factors affecting maize growth. Both low phosphorus and root zone high temperature stress significantly affect the growth of maize, but the comprehensive effects of phosphorus deficiency and root zone warming are less studied. This study aimed to explore the effects of phosphorus deficiency and root zone warming on the root absorption capacity, total phosphorus content, and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of maize seedlings. The results showed that maize shoots and roots had different responses to root zone warming and phosphorus deficiency. Properly increasing the root zone temperature was beneficial to the growth of maize seedlings, but when the root zone temperature was too high, it significantly affected the root and shoot development of maize seedlings. The root zone warming had a more significant impact on the root system, while phosphorus deficiency had a greater impact on the shoots. Phosphorus content and root zone warming had a strong interaction. Under the comprehensive influence of normal phosphorus supply and medium temperature in the root zone, the growth of maize seedlings was the best. Under the combined effects of low phosphorus and high temperature in the root zone, the growth was the worst. Compared with the combination of normal phosphorus and root zone medium temperature treatment, the dry mass of the low-phosphorus root zone high temperature treatment was decreased by 55.80%. Under the condition of low-phosphorus too high root zone temperature reduced root vitality, plant phosphorus content, which in turn affected plant growth and light energy utilization efficiency. In the case of sufficient phosphate fertilizer supply, appropriately increasing the soil temperature in the root zone is beneficial to increase the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by plants and promote the growth and development of maize seedlings.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Root Zone Temperature Increase in Root and Shoot Development and Hormone Changes in Different Maize Genotypes

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Zhenqing Xia ◽  
Guixin Zhang ◽  
Shibo Zhang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Yafang Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Maize Type ◽  
Zone Temperature

In the context of global warming, the effects of warming in the root zone of crops on maize seedling characteristics deserve research attention. Previous studies on the adaptive traits of dryland maize have mainly focused on soil moisture and nutrients, rather than analyzing potential factors for the adaptive traits of root zone warming. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different root zone warming ranges on the agronomic traits, hormones, and microstructures of maize seedling roots and leaves. The results showed that minor increases in the root zone temperature significantly enhanced maize seedling growth. However, when the temperature in the root zone was excessive, the stem diameter, root surface area, root volume, total root length, dry matter accumulation, and root/shoot biomass of maize seedlings sharply decreased. Under high temperature stress in the root zone, the root conduit area; root stele diameter; root content of trans-zeatin (ZT), gibberellin A3 (GA3), and indoleacetic acid (IAA); leaf thickness; upper and lower epidermis thickness; and leaf content of ZT and GA3 were significantly decreased. The hormone content and microstructure changes might be an important reason for root growth maldevelopment and nutrient absorption blockage, and they also affected the leaf growth of maize seedlings. Compared with the ‘senescent’ maize type Shaandan 902 (SD902), the plant microstructure of the ‘stay-green’ maize type Shaandan 609 (SD609) was less affected by increased temperatures, and the ability of the root system to absorb and transport water was stronger, which might explain its tolerance of high temperature stress in the root zone.

scholarly journals Growth of Honey Locust Seedlings during High Root-zone Temperature and Osmotic Stress

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1312-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Graves ◽  
Lorna C. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Honey Locust ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Peg 8000 ◽  
Zone Temperature

Growth of honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Willd.) seedlings was studied during exposure to reduced osmotic potential (ψπ) and high temperature in the root zone. Half-sib plants were cultured in solution. Root-zone temperature was increased from ambient (23C) to 35C for 0, 6, 12, or 24 hours·day -l. Within each temperature treatment, solution ψπ of -0.05, – 0.10, and – 0.20 MPa were maintained by additions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000. Root and shoot dry weights decreased with increasing exposure to 35C among seedlings in -0.05-MPa solution and decreased for seedlings in - 0.10- and - 0.20-MPa solutions in all temperature regimes. Growth of epicotyls displayed similar trends, but epicotyls of plants in -0.20-MPa solution were longest with 6 hours·day-l at 35C. Significant interactions between effects of temperature and osmotic regimes indicated that water-stressed honey locust seedlings are relatively insensitive to elevated root-zone temperatures. However, related studies showed that PEG caused reductions in growth that could not be explained by decreases in ψπ and suggested that responses of honey locust to PEG differed from those when drought was imposed by withholding irrigation in an aggregate medium.

scholarly journals Short-Term Root-Zone Temperature Treatment Enhanced the Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites of Hydroponic Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Grown in a Plant Factory

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duyen T. P. Nguyen ◽  
Na Lu ◽  
Natsuko Kagawa ◽  
Mizuki Kitayama ◽  
Michiko Takagaki
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Metabolite Content ◽  
Zone Temperature

The demand for high-nutrient and fresh vegetables, including coriander, has been growing rapidly. A plant factory with artificial lighting enables the application or suppression of stress conditions to plants for producing high-quality vegetables. This study aimed to determine a suitable root-zone temperature (RZT) treatment for enhancing the biomass and secondary metabolite content of hydroponic coriander plants. The combination of a mid-RZT (25 °C) pre-treatment with low (15 °C or 20 °C) or high (30 °C or 35 °C) RZT for a short period (3 or 6 days) was applied to the plants before harvesting. The fresh weights of the coriander plants were reduced under RZT stress. By contrast, the content of secondary metabolites, including ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid, and the antioxidant capacity of the plants were enhanced by the combination of the lowest or highest RZT (15 °C or 35 °C) and the longer stress period (6 days). Growing coriander under an RZT of 30 °C for 6 days can produce large amounts of bioactive compounds and water, whereas growing coriander at an RZT of 15 °C for 6 days can produce high dry biomass and secondary metabolite content.

scholarly journals 327 High Root-zone Temperature Effects on Floral Initiation in `Allstar' June-bearing Strawberry

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 499C-499
Author(s):  
Melita M. Biela ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Harry T. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Zone Temperature

Temperature, as a potential environmental stressor, interacts with photoperiod in floral initiation of June-bearing strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa), such that high-temperature exposure can result in poor floral initiation. Our objectives were to examine the effects of various durations of high root-zone temperature on floral initiation and development and on vegetative growth and development. In a 1998 greenhouse experiment, hydroponically grown `Allstar' June-bearing strawberry plants were subjected day/night temperatures of 31/21 °C in the root zone for one, two, or three continuous periods (of ≈7 days), followed by exposure to 17 °C for the duration of the experiment. Control plants were raised at 17 °C in the root zone throughout the experiment. An additional temperature treatment was exposure to 31/21 °C in the root zone for two periods, each followed by a period at 17 °C. Plants were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with factorial treatments of duration of high root-zone temperature and harvest time. At the end of each period, plants were harvested and the apical meristems dissected for microscopic evaluation of vegetative and floral meristems and the stage of development of the primary flower. We observed floral initiation in all treatments after photoperiodic induction. However, exposure to 31/21 °C in the root zone during key periods of floral initiation in June-bearing strawberry may alter floral development.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SUPRAOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES ON 14C PHOTOSYNTHATE PARTITIONING IN ILEX CRENATA THUNB. `ROTUNDIFOLIA'

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 864b-864
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Photosynthate Partitioning ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratios ◽  
Zone Temperature

Ilex crenata Thunb. `Rotundifolia' split-root plants were grown for 3 weeks at root-zone temperatures of 30/30, 30/34, 30/38, 30/42, 34/34, 38/38 and 42/42. The 38 C root-zone temperature treatment was the upper threshold for a number of growth and physiological parameters. A portion of the root system grown at near optimum temperatures could compensate in terms of shoot growth for part of the root system exposed to supraoptimal root-zone temperatures up to the 38 C critical threshold. Higher root-zone temperatures did not affect photosynthetic rates or root:shoot ratios, but altered photosynthate partitioning to different stem and root sinks. Although no differences were found for total 14C partitioned to the roots, partitioning of the 14C into soluble and insoluble fractions and the magnitude of root respiration and exudation were influenced by treatment. Heating half of a root system at 38 C increased the amount of 14C respired from the heated side and increased the total CO2 respired from the non-heated (30 C) half. Exposure of both root halves to 42 C resulted in membrane damage which increased the leakage of 14C photosynthates into the medium.

scholarly journals High Soil Temperature and Water Relations of Endomycorrhizal Nursery Crops2

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Steven E. Newman ◽  
Fred T. Davies
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Root Conductance ◽  
High Soil Temperature ◽  
Zone Temperature

High root-zone temperatures can stress plants and reduce nursery productivity of container-grown crops. Predawn shoot water potential was initially increased (less water strain) by root-zone temperatures from 40° to 45°C (104° to 113 °F) and then subsequently declined after 3 days. Stomatal conductance (SC) was reduced at similar root-zone temperatures. Hydraulic root conductance (Lp) increased linearly in response to increasing root-zone temperatures for high temperature tolerant species, and quadratically for susceptible species. Endomycorrhizal fungi colonization enhanced high root-zone temperature stress tolerance at moderate temperatures from 35 ° to 40°C (95 ° to 104°F).

scholarly journals Insulative effect of plastic mulch systems and comparison between the effects of different plant types

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Kayla Snyder ◽  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Bryon Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Black Film ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mulch Film ◽  
Mulch Films ◽  
Zone Temperature

AbstractTo address agricultural needs of the future, a better understanding of plastic mulch film effects on soil temperature and moisture is required. The effects of different plant type and mulch combinations were studied over a 3.5-month period to better grasp the consequence of mulch on root zone temperature (RZT) and moisture. Measurements of (RZT) and soil moisture for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown using polyolefin mulch films (black and white-on-black) were conducted in Ontario using a plot without mulch as a control. Black mulch films used in combination with pepper and carrot plants caused similar RZTs relative to uncovered soil, but black mulch film in combination with tomato plants caused a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that increased as plants grew and provided more shade. White-on-black mulch film used in combination with tomatoes, peppers or carrots led to a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that became greater than the temperature of soil without mulch. This insulative capability was similarly observed for black mulch films used with tomato plants. Apart from white-on-black film used in combination with tomatoes, all mulch film and plant combinations demonstrated an ability to stabilize soil moisture relative to soil without mulch. RZT and soil moisture were generally stabilized with mulch film, but some differences were seen among different plant types.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document