Effects of Root Zone Temperature on Root Activity of Two Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Clones with Different Adaptation to High Temperature

High root-zone temperatures can stress plants and reduce nursery productivity of container-grown crops. Predawn shoot water potential was initially increased (less water strain) by root-zone temperatures from 40° to 45°C (104° to 113 °F) and then subsequently declined after 3 days. Stomatal conductance (SC) was reduced at similar root-zone temperatures. Hydraulic root conductance (Lp) increased linearly in response to increasing root-zone temperatures for high temperature tolerant species, and quadratically for susceptible species. Endomycorrhizal fungi colonization enhanced high root-zone temperature stress tolerance at moderate temperatures from 35 ° to 40°C (95 ° to 104°F).

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Efficacy of Root Zone Temperature Increase in Root and Shoot Development and Hormone Changes in Different Maize Genotypes

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 477

Author(s):

Zhenqing Xia ◽

Guixin Zhang ◽

Shibo Zhang ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Yafang Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Root Zone ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Maize Seedling ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Adaptive Traits ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Maize Type ◽

Zone Temperature

In the context of global warming, the effects of warming in the root zone of crops on maize seedling characteristics deserve research attention. Previous studies on the adaptive traits of dryland maize have mainly focused on soil moisture and nutrients, rather than analyzing potential factors for the adaptive traits of root zone warming. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different root zone warming ranges on the agronomic traits, hormones, and microstructures of maize seedling roots and leaves. The results showed that minor increases in the root zone temperature significantly enhanced maize seedling growth. However, when the temperature in the root zone was excessive, the stem diameter, root surface area, root volume, total root length, dry matter accumulation, and root/shoot biomass of maize seedlings sharply decreased. Under high temperature stress in the root zone, the root conduit area; root stele diameter; root content of trans-zeatin (ZT), gibberellin A3 (GA3), and indoleacetic acid (IAA); leaf thickness; upper and lower epidermis thickness; and leaf content of ZT and GA3 were significantly decreased. The hormone content and microstructure changes might be an important reason for root growth maldevelopment and nutrient absorption blockage, and they also affected the leaf growth of maize seedlings. Compared with the ‘senescent’ maize type Shaandan 902 (SD902), the plant microstructure of the ‘stay-green’ maize type Shaandan 609 (SD609) was less affected by increased temperatures, and the ability of the root system to absorb and transport water was stronger, which might explain its tolerance of high temperature stress in the root zone.

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Growth of Honey Locust Seedlings during High Root-zone Temperature and Osmotic Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.10.1312 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1312-1315 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

William R. Graves ◽

Lorna C. Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

High Temperature ◽

Root Zone ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Honey Locust ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Peg 8000 ◽

Zone Temperature

Growth of honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Willd.) seedlings was studied during exposure to reduced osmotic potential (ψπ) and high temperature in the root zone. Half-sib plants were cultured in solution. Root-zone temperature was increased from ambient (23C) to 35C for 0, 6, 12, or 24 hours·day -l. Within each temperature treatment, solution ψπ of -0.05, – 0.10, and – 0.20 MPa were maintained by additions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000. Root and shoot dry weights decreased with increasing exposure to 35C among seedlings in -0.05-MPa solution and decreased for seedlings in - 0.10- and - 0.20-MPa solutions in all temperature regimes. Growth of epicotyls displayed similar trends, but epicotyls of plants in -0.20-MPa solution were longest with 6 hours·day-l at 35C. Significant interactions between effects of temperature and osmotic regimes indicated that water-stressed honey locust seedlings are relatively insensitive to elevated root-zone temperatures. However, related studies showed that PEG caused reductions in growth that could not be explained by decreases in ψπ and suggested that responses of honey locust to PEG differed from those when drought was imposed by withholding irrigation in an aggregate medium.

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Effects of Root Zone Warming on Maize Seedling Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics Under Different Phosphorus Levels

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.746152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenqing Xia ◽

Shibo Zhang ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Guixin Zhang ◽

Yafang Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Root Zone ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Medium Temperature ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Zone Temperature

Phosphorus content and root zone temperature are two major environmental factors affecting maize growth. Both low phosphorus and root zone high temperature stress significantly affect the growth of maize, but the comprehensive effects of phosphorus deficiency and root zone warming are less studied. This study aimed to explore the effects of phosphorus deficiency and root zone warming on the root absorption capacity, total phosphorus content, and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of maize seedlings. The results showed that maize shoots and roots had different responses to root zone warming and phosphorus deficiency. Properly increasing the root zone temperature was beneficial to the growth of maize seedlings, but when the root zone temperature was too high, it significantly affected the root and shoot development of maize seedlings. The root zone warming had a more significant impact on the root system, while phosphorus deficiency had a greater impact on the shoots. Phosphorus content and root zone warming had a strong interaction. Under the comprehensive influence of normal phosphorus supply and medium temperature in the root zone, the growth of maize seedlings was the best. Under the combined effects of low phosphorus and high temperature in the root zone, the growth was the worst. Compared with the combination of normal phosphorus and root zone medium temperature treatment, the dry mass of the low-phosphorus root zone high temperature treatment was decreased by 55.80%. Under the condition of low-phosphorus too high root zone temperature reduced root vitality, plant phosphorus content, which in turn affected plant growth and light energy utilization efficiency. In the case of sufficient phosphate fertilizer supply, appropriately increasing the soil temperature in the root zone is beneficial to increase the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by plants and promote the growth and development of maize seedlings.

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The effects of low root-zone temperature stress on two soybean (Glycine max) genotypes when combined with Bradyrhizobium strains of varying geographic origin

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.900116.x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. H. Lynch ◽

D. L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Root Zone ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Low Root Zone Temperature ◽

Zone Temperature

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Insulative effect of plastic mulch systems and comparison between the effects of different plant types

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 317-324

Author(s):

Kayla Snyder ◽

Christopher Murray ◽

Bryon Wolff

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Root Zone ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Black Film ◽

Black And White ◽

Mulch Film ◽

Mulch Films ◽

Zone Temperature

AbstractTo address agricultural needs of the future, a better understanding of plastic mulch film effects on soil temperature and moisture is required. The effects of different plant type and mulch combinations were studied over a 3.5-month period to better grasp the consequence of mulch on root zone temperature (RZT) and moisture. Measurements of (RZT) and soil moisture for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown using polyolefin mulch films (black and white-on-black) were conducted in Ontario using a plot without mulch as a control. Black mulch films used in combination with pepper and carrot plants caused similar RZTs relative to uncovered soil, but black mulch film in combination with tomato plants caused a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that increased as plants grew and provided more shade. White-on-black mulch film used in combination with tomatoes, peppers or carrots led to a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that became greater than the temperature of soil without mulch. This insulative capability was similarly observed for black mulch films used with tomato plants. Apart from white-on-black film used in combination with tomatoes, all mulch film and plant combinations demonstrated an ability to stabilize soil moisture relative to soil without mulch. RZT and soil moisture were generally stabilized with mulch film, but some differences were seen among different plant types.

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EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-059 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 409-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A. MENKIR ◽

E. N. LARTER

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Root Zone ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Emergence Percentage ◽

Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

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Effects of root zone temperature on root initiation and elongation in red pine seedlings

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-125 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 696-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Chris P. Andersen ◽

Edward I. Sucoff ◽

Robert K. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Root Elongation ◽

Root Zone ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Red Pine ◽

Root Tip ◽

Root Initiation ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Zone Temperature

The influence of root zone temperature on root initiation, root elongation, and soluble sugars in roots and shoots was investigated in a glasshouse using 2-0 red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings lifted from a northern Minnesota nursery. Seedlings were potted in a sandy loam soil and grown in chambers where root systems were maintained at 8, 12, 16, or 20 °C for 27 days; seedling shoots were exposed to ambient glasshouse conditions. Total new root length was positively correlated with soil temperature 14, 20, and 27 days after planting, with significantly more new root growth at 20 °C than at other temperatures. The greatest number of new roots occurred at 16 °C; the least, at 8 °C. Total soluble sugar concentrations in stem tissue decreased slightly as root temperature increased. Sugar concentrations in roots were similar at all temperatures. The results suggest that root elongation is suppressed more than root tip formation when red pine seedlings are exposed to the cool soil temperatures typically found during spring and fall outplanting.

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