scholarly journals Differences in Allometric Relationship of Two Dominant Woody Species Among Various Terrains in a Desert Region of Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Wu ◽  
Xin-Jun Zheng ◽  
Xiao-Han Mu ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Dune Crest

The allometric relationship among different functional traits is an ecological strategy for plants to promote resource utilization, which indicates the ability of plants to adapt to environmental changes coordinately. In this study, we conducted a field survey on Haloxylon ammodendron and H. persicum among different terrains (dune crest, eastern slope, western slope and inter-dune) in the Gurbantunggut Desert, obtained their quantitative and morphological characteristics, and analyzed their allometric relationships between plant height and canopy radius, plant height and basal diameter by using standardized major axis estimation. We found that: (1) The dominated terrains of H. ammodendron and H. persicum were different; (2) The individual morphology of the two Haloxylon species changed significantly with the terrains (p < 0.05), with the largest and smallest ones growing on the eastern slope and the inter-dune lowland, respectively; (3) Fixed allometric patterns were observed in the above-ground parts of the two Haloxylon species, as the growth of canopy and basal stem was preferentially to plant height; (4) These allometric relationships were significantly affected by the terrain, and exhibited discrepancy between two species, they both invested less in plant height in windy habitats, such as the dune crest and western slope, but H. ammodendron growing on the western slope and H. persicum growing on the eastern slope invested more in basal diameter for strengthening mechanical support and resources acquisition, respectively. These results indicated that both studied species adopted an ecological strategy that allocating more resources to horizontal expansion rather than vertical growth, the terrain has an important influence on the allometric relationship of their above-ground parts, and the trade-off mechanism of main components investing was different for these two species due to habitat heterogeneity and ecological adaptability.

Allometric relationships between embryonic heart rate and fresh egg mass in birds

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tazawa ◽  
J.T. Pearson ◽  
T. Komoro ◽  
A. Ar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Embryonic Heart ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Precocial Birds

Previously, we have measured daily changes (developmental patterns) in embryonic heart rate (fh) in altricial and semi-altricial (ASA) birds (range of mean fresh egg mass approximately 1–20 g), semi-precocial seabirds (egg mass approximately 38–288 g) and precocial birds (egg mass approximately 6–1400 g). An allometric relationship between embryonic fh at 80 % of incubation duration (ID) and fresh egg mass (M) has been derived for six species of precocial bird (fh at 80 % ID=429M(−0.118)). In the present study, additional measurements of embryonic fh in three ASA species, the barn owl Tyto alba, the cattle egret Bubulcus ibis and the lanner falcon Falco biarmicus, were made to extend the egg mass range (20–41 g), and the allometric relationships of embryonic fh for these ASA birds and the precocial and semi-precocial (PSP) groups were investigated from published data. The developmental patterns of embryonic fh in three relatively large ASA species did not show a significant increase prior to the pipping period, unlike those in small ASA birds, but tended to be constant, with a subsequent increase during pipping. The allometric relationship derived for ASA birds was fh at 80 % ID=371M(−0.121) (r=−0.846, P<0.001, N=20) and that for PSP birds was fh at 80 % ID=433M(−0.121) (r=−0.963, P<0.001, N=13). The slopes were parallel, but fh of ASA embryos was low compared with that of PSP embryos with the same egg mass. In ASA birds, embyronic fh was maximal during the pipping (perinatal) period, and the maximum fh (fh(max)) was significantly related to fresh egg mass: fh(max)=440M(−0.127) (r=−0.840, P<0.001, N=20). The allometric relationships for fh at 80 % ID in PSP and fh(max) in ASA embryos were statistically identical. Accordingly, embryonic fh at 80 % ID in PSP birds and fh(max) during pipping in ASA birds can be expressed by a single allometric equation: fh=437M(−0.123) (r=−0.948, P<0.001, N=33).

scholarly journals Macroecological analyses support an overkill scenario for late Pleistocene extinctions

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. F. Diniz-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
A Value ◽  
Complex Models

The extinction of megafauna at the end of Pleistocene has been traditionally explained by environmental changes or overexploitation by human hunting (overkill). Despite difficulties in choosing between these alternative (and not mutually exclusive) scenarios, the plausibility of the overkill hypothesis can be established by ecological models of predator-prey interactions. In this paper, I have developed a macroecological model for the overkill hypothesis, in which prey population dynamic parameters, including abundance, geographic extent, and food supply for hunters, were derived from empirical allometric relationships with body mass. The last output correctly predicts the final destiny (survival or extinction) for 73% of the species considered, a value only slightly smaller than those obtained by more complex models based on detailed archaeological and ecological data for each species. This illustrates the high selectivity of Pleistocene extinction in relation to body mass and confers more plausibility on the overkill scenario.

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction and stability analysis of four fine rice varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
P L Biswas ◽  
U K Nath ◽  
S Ghosal ◽  
A K Patwary
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Genotype-environment interactions through different stability parameters and performance traits of four fine rice genotypes were studied. The traits were; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of effective tillers per hill, panicle length (cm), number of fertile grains per panicle, number of sterile grains per panicle and yield (t/ha) in four fine rice genotypes across nine environments along with experimental farm of Genetics and Plant Breeding department, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Mymensingh. Significant differences were observed for genotypes, environments and genotypes–environment interaction. Stability analysis after Eberhat and Russell’s model suggested that the genotypes used in study were more or less responsive to environmental changes. Most of the genotypes performed better in Comilla. BAU125 was found stable for effective tillers per hill and comparatively less sensitive to other genotypes in panicle length and number of sterile grains per panicle. BR5 was stable for days to maturity and plant height whereas Kalizira performed better than other genotypes for fertile grains per panicle. In general, only the genotype BAU125 was found stable for effective tillers per hill, panicle length and lowest number of sterile grains per panicle.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12011   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 1–7, 2012  

scholarly journals Persepsi Perubahan Aspek Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Lingkungan Terhadap Keberadaan Jalan Tol Layang AP Pettarani

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lambang Basri Said ◽  
Ilham Syafei ◽  
Watono Watono ◽  
Fadel Muhammad Anis ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf Al Makassari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Road User ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Ujung Pandang ◽  
Relationship Of

Keberadaan Jalan Tol Layang AP Pettarani sebagai bagian dari Jalan Tol Ujung Pandang, sangat diharapkan menjadi salah satu solusi transportasi darat sebagai angkutan logistik penunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi secara nasional, khususnya dalam rangka mengatasi kemacetan serta mendukung mobilitas barang dan jasa di Kota Makassar. Perubahan sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan tersebut merupakan pengaruh yang ditimbulkan atau kemungkinan besar akan terjadi, yang menyangkut keadaan sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan masyarakat pengguna jalan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar persepsi perubahan aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkunganmasyarakat pengguna jalanterhadap keberadaan jalan tol layang AP Pettarani. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data subyek. Data kuesioner yang digunakan adalah dari hasil jawaban responden atas pertanyaan yang diajukan penulis kepada responden dalam bentuk tulisan. Adapun untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel-variabel yang mempunyai hubungan, maka dilakukan pengujian hipotesis dengan perhitungan statistik. Untuk penganalisisan data digunakan SPSS versi 21.00 dalam model dan pengkajian hipotesis. Berdasarkan dari hasil kuesioner maka didapatkan variabel-variabel mana saja yang mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap keberadaan jalan tol layang AP Pettarani.The existence of the AP Pettarani Flyover Toll Road as part of the Ujung Pandang Toll Road, is expected to be one of the land transportation solutions as a logistical transportation to support national economic growth, especially in the context of overcoming congestion and supporting the mobility of goods and services in Makassar City. These social, economic, and environmental changes are the effects that are caused or will most likely occur, which involve the social, economic, and environmental conditions of road user communities. This study aims to analyze how much the perception of changes in social, economic, and environmental aspects of the road user community to the existence of the AP Pettarani flyover. The type of data used in this study is subject data. Questionnaire data used are the results of respondents' answers to questions raised by the author to respondents in written form. As for knowing the relationship of the variables that have a relationship, then testing the hypothesis with statistical calculations. For analyzing data SPSS version 21.00 is used in the model and hypothesis assessment. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it is obtained which variables have a significant influence on the existence of the AP Pettarani flyover.

scholarly journals Characterization of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. altissima Wester) Accessions in Northern Ghana by Agro-morphological Traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nii Ayi Ankrah ◽  
Antonia Y. Tetteh ◽  
Nancy Coffie ◽  
Achana Niagiah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Branching Points

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. altissima Wester) is a bast fiber crop of global economic importance. Although West Africa is considered the centre of diversity, roselle research and utilization is widely ignored. The awakening of industrialization in Ghana presents roselle as a candidate crop for exploration, however, information on genotypes of economic importance is lacking. Our objective was to map roselle population hotspots in northern Ghana and examine genetic variability therein. Thirty-six roselle accessions collected from five regions in Ghana were planted in field trials using a 6 × 6 lattice square design in three replications and evaluated for seven qualitative and four quantitative morphological traits covering plant type, leaf and stem characteristics, and growth habit. Data were analysed by Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (SDI) and analysis of variance. A large variability was identified between the accessions. The mean SDI values in the 18 districts ranged from 0.53 to 0.73 with Savelugu-Nanton district having the largest diversity and having accessions with the highest mean plant height of 308.27±48.91 cm, highest branching point at 107.19±64.66 cm, and few branches not exceeding 5.0 in number. Majority of the accessions exhibited low branching points. The most variable trait was branch number with SDI of 0.83±0.12. Accessions HA-07, HA-11, HA-12, HA-21, and HA-33 ranked highest with respect to plant height with few branches at high branching points, and large basal diameter. The ample diversity in roselle and identification of genotypes of economic importance await their exploitation for genetic improvement, particularly for fiber yield.

The allometric relationship between carcass muscle and carcass bone in Scottish Blackface sheep

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Natural Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Thirty-seven Blackface wether sheep, ranging from birth to eighteen months of age, were used to derive the allometric relationship between carcass muscle and carcass bone.The equationlog10 muscle (g) = 1·36 log10 bone (g)—0·804fitted the data well. (r = 0·995, b = 1·36±0·05, Sy.x = 0·0595.)The deviations from this equation had a coefficient of variation of 14% indicating that other factors may influence the relationship of muscle to bone.It is suggested that the variablelog10M—1·36 log10 5 + 0·804is independent of differences due to different stages of natural development and can be used to examine the effects of different treatments on the muscle: bone ratio. The constant applies to sheep only.

RELATIONSHIPS OF MATURITY, HEIGHT AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS WITH WHOLE-PLANT YIELD AND DIGESTIBILITY OF BARLEY CULTIVARS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. BARON ◽  
SOLOMON KIBITE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Eight six-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines were used to study the relationship of whole-plant dry matter yield (WPY), whole-plant digestible yield (WPDY) and percent in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVDOM) with plant height, maturity, grain and leaf content at the time of maximum WPY. The study was conducted at Lacombe, Alberta during 1983 and 1984. Whole-plant harvests were initiated at the 50% heading stage of individual lines and continued for seven consecutive weeks. WPY and WPDY attained maximum levels at identical harvest times after heading in all lines and years. In 1983 all lines, and in 1984, six of eight lines attained maximum WPY at the same time postheading (fourth and third harvest in 1983 and 1984, respectively). WPY and WPDY were significantly correlated with days from planting to time of maximum yield (TMY) in both years. Partial coefficients of determination from stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the effect of days from planting until TMY > plant height > days to heading on WPY. The effect of days from planting until TMY > plant height > IVDOM > days to heading on WPDY, and the effect leaf content was more important than any other variable on IVDOM. It was concluded that late-maturing, tall barley lines having a high leaf content were most likely to produce high WPDY and hence be advantageous for utilization as whole-plant barley forage.Key words: Barley, whole-plant, digestibility, maturity, height

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