scholarly journals Phenotypic Evaluation and Genetic Analysis of Seedling Emergence in a Global Collection of Wheat Genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Limited Water Availability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Francki ◽  
Grantley S. Stainer ◽  
Esther Walker ◽  
Gregory J. Rebetzke ◽  
Katia T. Stefanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Top Soil

The challenge in establishing an early-sown wheat crop in southern Australia is the need for consistently high seedling emergence when sowing deep in subsoil moisture (>10 cm) or into dry top-soil (4 cm). However, the latter is strongly reliant on a minimum soil water availability to ensure successful seedling emergence. This study aimed to: (1) evaluate 233 Australian and selected international wheat genotypes for consistently high seedling emergence under limited soil water availability when sown in 4 cm of top-soil in field and glasshouse (GH) studies; (2) ascertain genetic loci associated with phenotypic variation using a genome-wide association study (GWAS); and (3) compare across loci for traits controlling coleoptile characteristics, germination, dormancy, and pre-harvest sprouting. Despite significant (P < 0.001) environment and genotype-by-environment interactions within and between field and GH experiments, eight genotypes that included five cultivars, two landraces, and one inbred line had consistently high seedling emergence (mean value > 85%) across nine environments. Moreover, 21 environment-specific quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected in GWAS analysis on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5B, 5D, and 7D, indicating complex genetic inheritance controlling seedling emergence. We aligned QTL for known traits and individual genes onto the reference genome of wheat and identified 16 QTL for seedling emergence in linkage disequilibrium with coleoptile length, width, and cross-sectional area, pre-harvest sprouting and dormancy, germination, seed longevity, and anthocyanin development. Therefore, it appears that seedling emergence is controlled by multifaceted networks of interrelated genes and traits regulated by different environmental cues.

scholarly journals Characterizing Growing Season Length of Subtropical Coniferous Forests with a Phenological Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Yuan Gong ◽  
Christina L. Staudhammer ◽  
Susanne Wiesner ◽  
Gregory Starr ◽  
Yinlong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenological Model

Understanding plant phenological change is of great concern in the context of global climate change. Phenological models can aid in understanding and predicting growing season changes and can be parameterized with gross primary production (GPP) estimated using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. This study used nine years of EC-derived GPP data from three mature subtropical longleaf pine forests in the southeastern United States with differing soil water holding capacity in combination with site-specific micrometeorological data to parameterize a photosynthesis-based phenological model. We evaluated how weather conditions and prescribed fire led to variation in the ecosystem phenological processes. The results suggest that soil water availability had an effect on phenology, and greater soil water availability was associated with a longer growing season (LOS). We also observed that prescribed fire, a common forest management activity in the region, had a limited impact on phenological processes. Dormant season fire had no significant effect on phenological processes by site, but we observed differences in the start of the growing season (SOS) between fire and non-fire years. Fire delayed SOS by 10 d ± 5 d (SE), and this effect was greater with higher soil water availability, extending SOS by 18 d on average. Fire was also associated with increased sensitivity of spring phenology to radiation and air temperature. We found that interannual climate change and periodic weather anomalies (flood, short-term drought, and long-term drought), controlled annual ecosystem phenological processes more than prescribed fire. When water availability increased following short-term summer drought, the growing season was extended. With future climate change, subtropical areas of the Southeastern US are expected to experience more frequent short-term droughts, which could shorten the region’s growing season and lead to a reduction in the longleaf pine ecosystem’s carbon sequestration capacity.

Screening optimum population density in response to soil water availability in dryland wheat: From laboratory to field

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 107147
Author(s):  
Sai-Yong Zhu ◽  
Zheng-Guo Cheng ◽  
Tao Tian ◽  
Dong-Shan Gong ◽  
Guang-Chao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Optimum Population

scholarly journals Ecometabolic mixture design-fingerprints from exploratory multi-block data analysis in Coffea arabica beans from climate changes: elevated carbon dioxide and reduced soil water availability

2021 ◽  
pp. 129716
Author(s):  
Gustavo Galo Marcheafave ◽  
Cláudia Domiciano Tormena ◽  
Amelia Elena Terrile ◽  
Carlos Alberto Rossi Salamanca-Neto ◽  
Elen Romão Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Block Data

scholarly journals Establishment of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, under levels of soil water availability in stages of growth of the plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Coelho de Araujo ◽  
Patrícia Menezes Santos ◽  
Fernando Campos Mendonça ◽  
Gerson Barreto Mourão
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Stages Of Growth

scholarly journals Yield Component Responses of the Brachiaria brizantha Forage Grass to Soil Water Availability in the Brazilian Cerrado

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Camila Thaiana Rueda da Silva ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Tonny José de Araújo da Silva ◽  
Everton Alves Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽  
Jefferson Vieira José ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha

Brazil is one of the world’s largest producers of beef cattle and dairy products, which requires high forage yield to attend grass-fed animals’ demand. Among the grass species adopted in the forage production system in Brazil, the Brachiaria genus stands out. This genus comprises nearly 85% of all planted forage area. In general, forage production systems in Brazil are essentially rainfed, and thus susceptible to seasonal soil water stresses. Selecting the suitable Brachiaria cultivar for lands susceptible to periodic waterlogging and dry spells is crucial to enhance forage yield, and consequently, to reduce the environmental footprint of the livestock sector. In this research, we investigated the performance of three recent commercial Brachiaria brizantha cultivars (Piatã, BRS Paiaguás, and MG13 Braúna) extensively adopted in Brazil’s grazing systems subjected to different ranges of soil water potential. For three cutting periods, yield related-variables (e.g., plant height, leaf area, dry biomass, and water use efficiency) were measured. Our results point to the existence of a low drought-resistant trait among cultivars, indicating the need for releasing better-adapted cultivars to cope with reduced soil water availability. All cultivars achieved higher performance at soil water pressure head between −15 kPa and −25 kPa; and in general, the cultivar. Piatã showed slightly superior results to most of the treatments.

scholarly journals Unexpected relationships between δ13C and wine grape performance in organic farming

OENO One ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Antonio Costantino Costantini ◽  
Alessandro Agnelli ◽  
Pierluigi Bucelli ◽  
Aldo Ciambotti ◽  
Valentina Dell’Oro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Stem Water

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: To evaluate the relationship between carbon isotope ratio (δ<sup>13</sup>C) and wine grape viticultural and oenological performance in organic farming.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: The study was carried out for four years in the Chianti Classico wine production district (Central Italy), on five non irrigated vineyards conducted in organic farming. The reference variety was Sangiovese. Eleven sites were chosen for vine monitoring and grape sampling. The performance parameters were alcohol and must sugar content, sugar accumulation rate, mean berry weight, and extractable polyphenols. δ<sup>13</sup>C, stem water potential, and soil water availability were also monitored. Finally, soil nitrogen as well as yeast available nitrogen in the must were measured. δ<sup>13</sup>C was directly related to stem water potential and soil water deficit, and indicated a range of water stress conditions from none and moderate to strong. However, its relationship with viticultural and oenological results was contrary to expectation, that is, performance linearly increased along with soil moisture. On the other hand, the worst performance was obtained where both water and nitrogen were more limiting.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The unexpected relationship between δ<sup>13</sup>C and Sangiovese performance was caused by low nitrogen availability. The studied sites all had low-fertility soils with poor or very poor nitrogen content. Therefore, in the plots where soil humidity was relatively higher, nitrogen plant uptake was favoured, and Sangiovese performance improved. Macronutrient being the main limiting factor, the performance was not lower in the plots where soil water availability was relatively larger. Therefore, the best viticultural result was obtained with no water stress conditions, at low rather than at intermediate δ<sup>13</sup>C values.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: Water nutrition is crucial for wine grape performance. δ<sup>13</sup>C is a method used to assess vine water status during the growing season and to estimate vine performance. A good performance is expected at moderate stress and intermediate δ<sup>13</sup>C values. A better knowledge of the interaction between water and nutrient scarcity is needed, as it can affect the use of δ<sup>13</sup>C to predict vine performance.</p>

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