scholarly journals Differences in School Performance Between Only Children and Non-only Children: Evidence From China

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaochao Jia ◽  
Zhaoxi Yang ◽  
Tao Xin ◽  
Youfa Li ◽  
Yehui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Average Treatment Effects ◽  
Analyze Data

This study aimed to investigate the features of only child status related to physical health, mathematics achievement, and school feelings and expectations from a different perspective. A representative sample of 91,619 Grade 4 students with an average age of 10.4 ± 0.7, among which 28,631 were only children, were assessed. We used propensity score matching (PSM) and the average treatment effects on the treatment to analyze data. The treatment was the only child of a family. The results indicated that only children have better academic achievement and school feelings (only for urban only child girls), while non-only children have better physical status and anaerobic fitness (AF). In addition, gender and rural vs. urban areas differences were also explored. The adverse situation for rural only boys is emphasized for families, researchers, and governments to focus on. Some suggestions are given under the Two- and Three-Child Policy.

China’s Only Children and Their Spillover Effects on Academic Performance in the Classroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haining Wang ◽  
Rong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Only Children ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The One

Abstract This paper examines the causal effect of students who are the only child in their family on the academic performance of their classmates, exploiting the random assignment of students to classes within schools in China. We find that a higher proportion of classmates as the only child in their family improves the academic outcomes of students in the same classroom. We also find evidence of positive but heterogeneous peer effects by student and class characteristics. Our findings suggest that the academic performance of Chinese students has benefited indirectly from the one-child policy because of this positive peer influence within the classroom.

scholarly journals Maternal depression and loss of children under the one-child family planning policy in China: a cross-sectional study of 300 000 women

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e048554
Author(s):  
Hanyu Wang ◽  
Eric Frasco ◽  
Jie Shang ◽  
Minne Chen ◽  
Tong Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Child Group

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the association between maternal depression and the loss of the only child under the family-planning (FP) policy.DesignCross-sectional data from a Chinese population-based study were analysed.SettingPopulation from 10 (5 rural and 5 urban) areas in China.ParticipantsAround 300 000 females were included in the study. The FP group was defined as women with one or two live births. Those with no surviving child were classified into the loss-of-only-child group. The non-FP group included women who had more than two live births. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and family types, after stratification and adjustment.OutcomeMDD was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Inventory.ResultsThe odds of MDD are 1.42 times higher in the FP group in general (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.57), as opposed to the non-FP group. In particular, the odds of MDD are 1.36 times greater in the non-loss-of-only-child group (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.51) and 2.80 (OR=2.80, 95% CI: 0.88 to 8.94) times greater in the loss-of-only-child group, compared with the non-FP group. The associations between FP groups and MDD appeared to be stronger in the elderly population, in those who were married, less educated and those with a higher household income. The association was found progressively stronger in those who lost their only child.ConclusionsPeople in the FP group, especially those who lost their only child, are more susceptible to MDD than their counterparts in the non-FP group. Mental health programmes should give special care to those who lost their only child and take existing social policies and norms, such as FP policies, into consideration.

MANAJEMEN SANGGAR SENI TARI TRADISIONAL DINDA BESTARI DI KOTA PALEMBANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdin Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Traditional Dance ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The City ◽  
Assess Data Quality ◽  
Analyze Data

Dinda Bestari Traditional Dance Studio is a dance studio that teaches traditional dance, dance creation and contemporary dance. The studio also teaches children's dance and opens special classes for children. In this studio, students who are not only children and adolescents, but there are also adults. This research aims to describe the management of Dinda Bestari Traditional Dance Studio, which is domiciled in the City of Palembang, South Sumatra, which implements management functions in all aspects of studio activities including planning , organizing, implementing and controlling. This research applies a qualitative approach. The research subject is myself as the owner, founder and at the same time the manager of this studio. The object of this research is the Dinda Bestari Traditional Dance Studio in Palembang which includes, its background and management system applied. Data collection techniques carried out in three ways, namely participant observe, interview and documentation. In this study using a human instrument that is the researcher himself who acts as an instrument, serves to determine the focus of research, choose informants as sources of data, collect data, assess data quality, analyze data, interpret data, and make conclusions on its findings. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data description and conclusion drawing. The data validity test in this study uses the data triangulation method. The results of this study describe that the Dinda Bestari Traditional Dance Studio uses management functions as (1) planning, (2) organizing, (3) acting (Actuating), and (4) controlling (Controlling).

scholarly journals Estimation of Population Average Treatment Effects in the FIRST Trial: Application of a Propensity Score-Based Stratification Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 2567-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette W. Chung ◽  
Karl Y. Bilimoria ◽  
Jonah J. Stulberg ◽  
Christopher M. Quinn ◽  
Larry V. Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Average Treatment Effects

Student and School Correlates of Mathematics Achievement: Models of School Performance Based on Pan-Canadian Student Assessment

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Anderson ◽  
W. Todd Rogers ◽  
Don A. Klinger ◽  
Charles Ungerleider ◽  
Victor Glickman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Canadian Student

The Effect of Community Socioeconomic Context on High School Attendance in China: A Generalized Propensity Score Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 003804072110573
Author(s):  
Lei Lei
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Generalized Propensity Score ◽  
High School Attendance

Many developing countries have experienced increasing spatial inequality, but little is known about the effect of community disadvantages on educational attainment in these societies. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (2010–2016), I examine the effect of community socioeconomic status (SES) on the transition into high school in urban and rural China, and I explore several mechanisms explaining the community effects. I adopt the generalized propensity score method to estimate the potential probability of high school entrance at different levels of community SES. Results show that community SES is positively associated with high school attendance in both urban and rural China, and the relationship is stronger in more disadvantaged communities in both contexts. In urban areas, the effect of community SES is partly attributable to collective socialization and children’s academic performance. In rural areas, spatial accessibility to high schools and children’s academic performance are the salient mechanisms.

The only-child premium and moderation by social origin: Educational stratification in post-reform China

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-409
Author(s):  
Haowen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Birth Control Policy ◽  
Critical Grade

The One Child Policy initiated in the late 1970s created a birth cohort with an unusually high proportion of only children. This paper examines the relationship between being the only child in the family and educational attainment, as well as its potential variations by social origin. Drawing my sample from the China Family Panel Studies, I compare two birth cohorts born before and after the birth-control policy. Results show that in the younger cohort, being the only child in the family produces a premium in educational outcomes, including years of completed schooling and odds of progressing through critical grade transitions. In addition, I observe a pattern that the only-child premium tends to be larger for people with higher social origins in competitive grade transitions.

The Acquistion of Opportunity of Shadow Education for Chinese Junior High School Student

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-176
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
High School Student ◽  
Shadow Education ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Number Of Children

The paper based on baseline data of China Education Panel Survey  (CEPS2013-2014) to analyze the differences in the opportunities of acquiring shadow education between only child and non-only child in China.This study determined that the probability of an only child acquiring shadow education is higher than that of a non-only child. Shadow education activities among only child and non-only child feature “cultivating the elites” and “advancing the backwards.” Among them, an only child can maximize the effects of “advancing the backwards” of shadow education, whereas non-only child can maximize the effects of “advancing the backwards” of shadow education. Research results of non-only children show that the higher the number of children, the more unfavorable for students to participate in shadow education activities. Furthermore, the birth order of children affects the opportunity for non-only child to acquire shadow education, whereas first-born or last-born children can acquire better shadow education.

scholarly journals Only Children Were Associated with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among College Students in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4035
Author(s):  
Shuo Cheng ◽  
Cunxian Jia ◽  
Yongjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Anxiety Symptom ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Only Child ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Self Rating

This study explored the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students and analyzed the associations between only children and anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students in China. A total of 645 college students, from three universities in Jinan, Shandong, China, were investigated by questionnaire. The self-designed general information questionnaire was used to collect the demographic information such as gender, age, only children or not and so on. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to reflect the psychological state of college students. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze associated factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. We have found that there were 25.7% college students with anxiety symptom, 22.2% college students with depressive symptom, and 18.3% college students with a comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in only children was higher than those among non-only children. There were no differences between males and females in anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms among all college students, only child college students and non-only child college students. Only children were associated with anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms after adjusting potential important confounding factors, such as professional category, grade, parental relationship, parenting style, interpersonal relationship, activity participation enthusiasm, sleeping time, and eating habits. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students was high. We should pay more attention to the mental health of college students, especially that of only child college students.

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