scholarly journals Assessing Children’s Executive Function: BADS-C Validity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fish ◽  
F. Colin Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

ObjectivesTo investigate the external and ecological validity of a standardized test of children’s executive functioning (EF), the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children (BADS-C).BackgroundThere are few standardized measures for assessing executive functions in children, and the evidence for the validity of most measures is currently limited.MethodA normative sample of 256 children and adolescents from age 8–16 years completed the BADS-C, and a parent or teacher completed rating scales of the child’s everyday problems related to EF (Children’s version of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire; DEX-C) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a commonly used measure of emotional, social, cognitive, and behavioral problems.ResultsExploratory factor analyses yielded a two-factor structure to the BADS-C, indicative of monitoring and abstract reasoning processes, and a three-factor structure to the DEX-C, reflecting behavioral, and cognitive components of the dysexecutive syndrome as well as emotional responsiveness. Regression analyses showed significant relationships between BADS-C scores and everyday functioning as reported on the DEX and SDQ. Furthermore, there were significant differences in BADS-C scores between those children in the upper and lower quartiles on the SDQ.ConclusionResults provide tentative evidence of BADS-C and DEX-C construct, convergent and predictive validity.

The Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised: Relationship to Everyday Memory Impairment

Assessment ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah C. Koltai ◽  
Rosemarie M. Bowler ◽  
Rosemarie M. Bowler
Keyword(s):  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test ◽  
Highly Correlated

Investigations questioning the ecological validity of standardized neuropsychological instruments have led to the development of tests that are purported to be relevant to everyday functioning. The present investigation examined the relationships of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) to estimates of everyday memory functioning, as measured by patient and relative ratings on the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ). The research participants consisted of a group allegedly exposed to neurotoxicants (n = 29), and a demographically similar comparison group ( n = 20). Results indicated that the two objective memory tests did not significantly differ in their relationships to estimates of everyday memory functioning, and that use of the tests together did not improve prediction of memory complaints over the use of one test alone. In addition, patient and relative ratings were highly correlated. These results are discussed within the context of the validity of patient and relative rating scales as estimates of everyday memory impairment.

Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Horseback Mobility in Hippotherapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110365
Author(s):  
Alessandra V. Prieto ◽  
Kênnea Martins Almeida Ayupe ◽  
Ana C. A. Abreu ◽  
Paulo J. B. Gutierres Filho
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
Intra Class Correlation Coefficient

Improvement in rider mobility represents an important functional gain for people with disabilities undergoing hippotherapy. However, there is no validated measuring instrument to track and document the rider's progress in riding activities. In this study, we aimed to develop and establish validity evidence for an instrument to assess hippotherapy participants’ mobility on horseback. We report on this development through the stages of: (a) content validation, (b) construct validation, (c) inter- and intra-rater reliability and (d) internal consistency analysis. We evaluated its factor structure with exploratory factor analyses, calculated values for inter- and intra-rater reliability using the intra-class correlation coefficient, and calculated its internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. We followed recommendations by the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies. We found good inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient – ICC = 0.991–0.999) and good intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.997–1.0), and there was excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.937–0.999). The instrument’s factor structure grouped its three domains into one factor. As this instrument is theoretically consistent and has been found to be appropriate and reliable for its intended use, it is now available for the measurement of horseback mobility among hippotherapy riders.

Relation of home chaos to cognitive performance and behavioral adjustment of Pakistani primary school children

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Shamama-tus-Sabah ◽  
Nighat Gilani ◽  
Theodore D. Wachs
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
School Children ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices ◽  
Home Chaos

Recent findings from Western developed countries have linked home chaos to children’s cognitive performance and behavioral problems. In the present paper we test whether the same pattern of associations can be replicated in a non-Western developing country. Our sample was 203 Pakistani primary school children. To assess home chaos the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS) was translated into Urdu and administered to mothers. Children were assessed using the parent and teachers rating forms of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children and the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Home chaos was not related to children’s cognitive performance. However, replicating previous findings from Western developed countries, greater home chaos uniquely predicted higher levels of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems as well as lower levels of adaptive behavior in Pakistani children, as rated by both mothers and teachers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Factor Structure of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire in Chinese Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2366-2395
Author(s):  
Tianpeng Ye ◽  
Naixue Cui ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Jianghong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Distinct Factor ◽  
Adolescent Stress

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Adolescent Stress Questionnaire ( ASQ-CN) in a sample of Chinese middle school students ( N = 420; 52.14% boys and 47.86% girls). Iterated principal factor analysis and multiple-group principal components cluster analysis supported a six-factor model with 42 items out of 58 items in the ASQ-CN. The internal consistency was from .82 to .90. Girls reported lower stress levels in one subscale, Stress of romantic relationship, whereas no gender differences were found in the other five subscales. Compared with other studies of the ASQ in Westernized countries, the ASQ-CN showed a distinct factor structure that may be explained by cross-cultural differences. Scales constructed from factor analysis related negatively to measures of mindfulness and positively to a measure of behavioral problems, suggesting that they were valid for Chinese adolescent stress. The study did not support a higher order construct of the ASQ-CN. Altogether, our findings suggest that the ASQ-CN is adequate for assessing stressors in Chinese adolescents.

Psychometric investigation of the affiliate stigma scale in Mexican Parkinson’s disease caregivers: Development of a short form

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mickeal Pugh ◽  
Paul B. Perrin ◽  
Jack D. Watson ◽  
Duygu Kuzu ◽  
Carmen Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Affiliate Stigma ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) caregivers, particularly in Latin America, may experience high levels of affiliate stigma due to their association with a person having a disability. The most common measure used of this construct in the literature, the Affiliate Stigma Scale, was validated using non-standard and questionable methods. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Affiliate Stigma Scale with PD caregivers in Mexico using more widely accepted psychometric approaches including confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and exploratory factor analyses (EFAs)). METHODS: A sample of 148 PD caregivers from Mexico completed this measure, as well as indices of caregiver burden and anxiety. RESULTS: Initial CFAs revealed that the data did not fit either the originally proposed one-factor or three-factor structures. An EFA was then conducted which was unable to discern any factor structure. Upon instituting a stepwise removal alpha-if-item-deleted process, a 5-item Affiliate Stigma Scale Spanish Short Form was retained with an adequate Cronbach’s alpha, good convergent validity, and a Short Form CFA generally indicating adequate fit. CONCLUSIONS: The new Spanish Affiliate Stigma Scale Short Form holds promise for more appropriately measuring affiliate stigma likely in general but particularly in Spanish and among PD caregivers. The Short Form can assist not only in assessing levels of caregiver affiliate stigma, but in creating novel interventions to help support caregivers and decrease stigma.

Technologies for Functionally Relevant Neuropsychological Assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria T. Schultheis ◽  
Matthew Doiron
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Education Law ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychological Methods ◽  
Everyday Function

Over the course of its history, the field of neuropsychology has shifted its focus to meet the demands of the medical landscape. Before the advent of neuroimaging, neuropsychologists were relied on to determine brain lesion location and to diagnose brain-behavior pathologies. As time progressed, neuroimaging was able to provide faster and more consistent lesion identification and neuropsychology began to adapt its skills and services for other related fields, such as education, law, and rehabilitation. As a result, some neuropsychological methods were adapted to assess broader cognitive functions in a variety of populations and the general public; however, these assessments have been heavily rooted in the field’s diagnostically focused past, which creates limitations in the ecological validity of this approach. Ecological validity can be generally defined as a measure’s ability to predict functional performance or mimic activities of everyday living (i.e., performance at work, driving). For example, batteries of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires have been used to infer level of function and general performance at work or school. These batteries were developed due their statistical associations with different populations, concordance with neurological theories and constructs, and general face validity. However, very few assessments resembled any activity a person would perform in daily life. For many measures, ecological validity was defined by correlating performance with everyday functioning (verdicality; Franzen & Wilhelm, 1996). In contrast, another approach to ecological validity involved designing measures to resemble or mimic an everyday function (verisimilitude; Franzen & Wilhelm, 1996). The major difference between the two approaches determines the primary goal of designing the measure at the onset. It must be decided if the measure will prioritize construct validity at the onset and subsequently infer a link to everyday function, or vice versa. Many researchers interested in predicting functional outcome have relied on verisimilitude, as it more closely resembles “real-world” performance; however, it often comes at a cost of interpretability within the context of current neuropsychological frame­works and models.

Validity and Reliability of Gifted Rating Scales-School Form in Sample of Teachers and Parents – A Czech Contribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 073428292097071
Author(s):  
Michal Jabůrek ◽  
Adam Ťápal ◽  
Šárka Portešová ◽  
Steven I. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Teacher Rating ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The factor structure, the concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability of the Czech translation of the Gifted Rating Scales-School Form [GRS-S; Pfeiffer, S. I., & Jarosewich, T. (2003). GRS (gifted rating scales) - manual. Pearson] were evaluated. Ten alternative models were tested. Four models were found to exhibit acceptable fit and interpretability. The factor structure was comparable for both parent ( n = 277) and teacher raters ( n = 137). High correlations between the factors suggest that raters might be subject to a halo effect. Ratings made by teachers show a closer relationship with criteria (WJ IE II COG, CFT 20-R, and TIM3–5) than ratings made by parents. Test–retest reliability of teacher rating (with median 93 days) was quite high for all GRS-S subscales ( r = .84–.87).

Time-Based Prospective Memory Is Associated with Functional Performance in Persons with MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043
Author(s):  
Erica Weber ◽  
Nancy D. Chiaravalloti ◽  
John DeLuca ◽  
Yael Goverover
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Memory For Intentions ◽  
Event Based

AbstractObjective:Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) often report prospective memory (PM) failures that directly impact their everyday life. However, it is not known whether PM deficits confer an increased risk of poorer everyday functioning. The aims of this study were to: (1) compare time- (Time-PM) and event-based PM (Event-PM) performance between persons with MS and healthy controls (HCs), (2) examine the neuropsychological correlates of PM in MS, and (3) examine the relationship between PM and everyday functioning in MS.Method:A between-subjects design was used to examine 30 adults with MS and 30 community-dwelling HC. Participants were administered the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST) to assess PM skills, the Actual Reality™ (AR) to assess everyday functioning, and a battery of cognitive tests.Results:The MS group performed significantly worse on Time-PM compared to HC but not on Event-PM tasks. While both Time-PM and Event-PM subscales were correlated with retrospective learning and memory, the MIST Time-PM subscale was correlated with executive functions. Significant correlations were observed between AR and the MIST Time-PM, but not Event-PM, subscales.Conclusions:The results highlight the role of executive functions on Time-PM. Furthermore, significant relationships with AR extend the ecological validity of the MIST to MS populations.

scholarly journals Adaptation and validation of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Cotrena ◽  
Laura Damiani Branco ◽  
Rochele Paz Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Abstract Introduction: Decision making (DM) is among the most important abilities for everyday functioning. However, the most widely used measures of DM come from behavioral paradigms, whose ecological validity and standalone use has been criticized in the literature. Though these issues could be addressed by the use of DM questionnaires as a complementary assessment method, no such instruments have been validated for use in Brazilian Portuguese. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct the translation and validation of the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ) for use in a Brazilian population. Methods: The adaptation of the MDMQ involved the following steps: translation, back-translation, expert review and pilot study. These steps were followed by factor analysis and internal consistency measurements, which led to the exclusion of 4 items from the scale. The 18-item version of the MDMQ was then administered to a validation sample consisting of healthy adults, as well as patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Results: The instrument displayed good internal consistency, with the hypervigilance subscale showing the lowest, though still acceptable, Cronbach's alpha value. Its factor structure was comparable to that of the original MDMQ according to confirmatory factor analysis. Nevertheless, the MDMQ was sensitive to both depression severity and the presence of MDD and BD, both of which are known to have an impact on DM ability. Conclusion: The version of the MDMQ produced in the present study may be an important addition to neuropsychological assessment batteries with a focus on DM and related abilities

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