scholarly journals Impact of Distracting Emotional Stimuli on the Characteristics of Movement Performance: A Kinematic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingzhi Lu ◽  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Qiuping Long ◽  
Zijian Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Movement Quality ◽  
Kinematic Study ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Movement Complexity ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Positive Stimuli

It is well-documented that emotional stimuli impact both the cognitive and motor aspects of “goal-directed” behavior. However, how emotional distractors impact motor performance remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize how movement quality was impacted during emotional distractors. We used a modified oddball paradigm and documented the performance of pure movement. Participants were designated to draw a triangle or a polygon, while an emotional stimulus was presented. Speed was assessed using reaction time and movement time. The quality and precision of movement were assessed by calculating the accuracy and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Compared to drawings of triangles, polygons had higher accuracy under negative stimuli, but lower RMSE under positive stimuli. The results indicate that distracting emotional stimuli impact different aspects of movement quality, with movement complexity influencing accuracy under negative distractors and precision under positive distractors. This study provides further evidence that movement precision is an important feature of emotional embodiment that should be incorporated in future studies.

Effect of heightened interoceptive awareness among smokers on misinterpretation of emotional arousal

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Minseung Kim ◽  
Yeon-Ju Park ◽  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Jang-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Amplification Bias ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Subjective Arousal

We investigated the differences in the emotional experiences of people who smoke and have damaged interoceptive awareness. Interoception is the sensation of the physiological condition of the body, and it has 2 biases: neglect and amplification of bodily feedback. We recruited 72 participants and divided them into 4 groups according to smoking status and interoceptive bias based on their scores on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness. All groups assessed their physiological and subjective arousal before and after watching video clips (positive–low arousal, positive–high arousal, negative–low arousal, negative–high arousal, neutral). The results indicated that people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who smoked showed stronger subjective arousal to neutral stimuli. In contrast, people with amplification (vs. neglect) bias who did not smoke showed stronger subjective arousal to positive stimuli. These findings suggest that people who smoke and have an amplification bias could be more likely to misinterpret neutral emotional stimuli, leading to an increased craving for smoking.

scholarly journals Movement Kinematics of the Ipsilesional Upper Extremity in Persons With Moderate or Mild Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Lena Bustrén ◽  
Katharina Stibrant Sunnerhagen ◽  
Margit Alt Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Movement Kinematics ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
Daily Task ◽  
Severe Motor Impairment ◽  
Mild Stroke

Background. An increasing number of studies have indicated that the ipsilesional arm may be impaired after stroke. There is, however, a lack of knowledge whether ipsilesional deficits influence movement performance during purposeful daily tasks. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and to what extent, movement impairments are present while performing an ipsilesional upper extremity task during the first 3 months after stroke. Methods. Movement kinematics describing movement time, smoothness, velocity, strategy, and pattern were captured during a standardized drinking task in 40 persons with first-ever stroke and 20 controls. Kinematics were measured early and at 3 months poststroke, and sensorimotor impairment was assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment in stroke. Results. Half of the ipsilesional kinematics showed significant deficits early after stroke compared to controls, and the stroke severity had a significant impact on the kinematics. Movements of the ipsilesional arm were slower, less smooth, demonstrated prolonged relative time in deceleration, and increased arm abduction during drinking. Kinematics improved over time and reached a level comparable with controls at 3 months, except for angular velocity of the elbow and deceleration time in reaching for those with more severe motor impairment. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that movements of the ipsilesional arm, during a purposeful daily task, are impaired after stroke. These deficits are more prominent early after stroke and when the motor impairment is more severe. In clinical studies and praxis, the use of less-affected arm as a reference may underestimate the level of impairment and extent of recovery.

scholarly journals Cutting duration and performance parameters of a harvester’s sawing unit under real working conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Prinz ◽  
Kari Väätäinen ◽  
Johanna Routa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Amongst all the working elements of single grip harvesters, the working elements of felling and processing play an important role within the cut-to-length (CTL) harvester’s working phases. This includes the felling cutting and cross-cutting of stems within the felling and processing operation. The detailed investigation of such individual machine activities may help to analyse and improve the performance of forest machines. The objective of this study was to investigate the cutting duration and other performance parameters, including the fuel consumption, of a CTL harvester’s sawing unit under real working conditions. Detailed information on the felling cutting and cross-cutting performance was collected at short intervals using CAN bus data of two single grip harvesters in final felling from two different sites in Eastern Finland. As a result, models for effective time consumption in the work phase of cutting as a function of stem size were developed, both for felling cutting and cross-cutting. Felling cutting and cross-cutting durations were somewhat identical until the cutting diameters of 400–450 mm, depending on the site. Thereafter, the cutting time difference increased and was higher in felling cutting. At the site with large diameters of 550–650 mm, the difference varied between 15% and 28%, between the comparisons of formulae. In addition, other performance parameters, including the respective fuel consumption of this working phase, were part of the study. The study revealed a higher hourly based fuel consumption for the entire guide bar movement time compared to the pure cutting time in cross-cutting with stem diameters below 400 mm. Detailed knowledge of the performance of the sawing unit’s activities might help the planning process of future studies, as well as support the future development of efficient and intelligent machinery.

scholarly journals Effects of Task Constraints on Reaching Kinematics by Healthy Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 983-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yi Wu ◽  
Keh-Chung Lin ◽  
Kwan-Hwa Lin ◽  
Chein-Wei Chang ◽  
Chia-Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Spatial Accuracy ◽  
Task Constraints ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
Main Effects

Understanding the control of movement requires an awareness of how tasks constrain movements. The present study investigated the effects of two types of task constraints—spatial accuracy (effector size) and target location—on reaching kinematics. 15 right-handed healthy young adults (7 men, 8 women) whose mean age was 23.6 yr. ( SD = 3.9 yr.) performed the ringing task under six conditions, formed by the crossing of effector size (larger vs smaller size) and target location (left, right, or a central position). Significant main effects of effector size and target location were found for peak velocity and movement time. There was a significant interaction for the percentage of time to peak velocity. The findings suggested that task constraints may modulate movement performance in specific ways. Effects of effector size might be a consequence of feedforward and feedback control, and location effects might be influenced by both biomechanical and neurological factors.

scholarly journals Effects of object size and distance on reaching kinematics in patients with schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Mei Wang ◽  
Li-Chieh Kuo ◽  
Wen-Chen Ouyang ◽  
Hsiao-Man Hsu ◽  
Hui-Ing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Spatial Efficiency ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Movement Performance ◽  
And Gender

Background/Objective Patients with schizophrenia not only have psychiatric symptoms, but also have movement problems, which might also be associated with their reduced quality of life. Little is known about how to improve their movement performance for patients. Manipulating object size and distance is common in occupational therapy practice to evaluate and optimize reaching performance in patients with physical disabilities, but effects of the manipulation in patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine whether object size and distance could change performance of reaching kinematics in patients with mild schizophrenia. Methods Twenty-nine patients with mild schizophrenia and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were required to reach for, as quickly as possible, a small or large object that was placed at a near or far distance. We measured movement time, peak velocity, path length ratio, percentage of time to peak velocity, and movement units to infer movement speed, forcefulness, spatial efficiency (directness), control strategies, and smoothness. Results Patients’ reaching movements were slower ( p = .017) and less direct ( p = .007) than those of controls. A larger object induced faster ( p = .016), more preprogrammed ( p = .018), and more forceful ( p = .010) movements in patients. A farther object induced slower, more feedback dependent, but more forceful and more direct movements (all p < .001). Conclusion The results of kinematic deficiencies suggest the need of movement training for patients with mild schizophrenia. Occupational therapists may grade or adapt reaching activities by changing object size and distance to enhance movement performance in patients with schizophrenia.

Effect of Mental Calculation and Number Comparison on a Manual-Pointing Movement

Motor Control ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Joy Khayat ◽  
Stéphane Champely ◽  
Ahmad Diab ◽  
Ahmad Rifai Sarraj ◽  
Patrick Fargier
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mental Calculation ◽  
Manual Pointing ◽  
Mental Addition ◽  
Pointing Movement ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Number Comparison ◽  
Movement Performance

The present study aimed at examining the effect of mental calculation and number comparison on motor performance measured as the movement time of a fast manual-pointing movement. Three experiments, involving a total number of 65 undergraduate subjects, examined the effect of mental subtraction (complex) and, respectively, of (a) mental addition (simple or complex), (b) mental multiplication (simple or complex), and (c) the comparison of dot sets and number comparison. Each number was written in Arabic. The movement times were analyzed by using a multilevel linear mixed-effect model. The results showed significant improvement of manual-pointing movement performance only after the complex calculations and after number comparison. Possible implication of attentional mechanisms specific to this arithmetical activity is further discussed.

scholarly journals Threat-induced Impulsivity in Go/Nogo Tasks: Relationships to Task-relevance of Emotional Stimuli and Virtual Proximity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Edward Gladwin ◽  
Martin Möbius ◽  
Matthijs Vink
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Task Relevance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Impulsive Responding ◽  
Threatening Stimuli ◽  
Threat Stimuli

Threatening stimuli are thought to induce impulsive responses, but Emotional Go/Nogo task results are not in line with this. We extend previous research by comparing effects of task-relevance of emotional stimuli and virtual proximity. Four studies were performed to test this in healthy college students. When emotional stimuli were task-relevant, threat both increased commission errors and decreased RT, but this was not found when emotional stimuli were task-irrelevant. This was found in both between-subject and within-subject designs. These effects were found using a task version with equal go and nogo rates, but not with 90%-10% go-nogo rates. Proximity was found to increase threat-induced speeding, with task-relevant stimuli only, although effects on accuracy were less clear. Threat stimuli can thus induce impulsive responding, but effects depend on features of the task design. The results may be of use in understanding theoretically unexpected results involving threat and impulsivity and designing future studies.

scholarly journals A Review on Emotion-Enhanced Recognition Memory: Response Bias and Context Caused by Emotional Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Memory Response ◽  
Emotion Memory

The current study aims to present the main lines of the topic by compiling the literature on the effect of emotion on recognition memory and address some considerations for future studies by highlighting the attention-grabbing points related to emotion-memory interaction. A growing body of literature has demonstrated that emotional stimuli are better remembered than their neutral equivalents. Based on these common findings, research in the relevant literature is reviewed in detail regarding various approaches that define and explain emotion; and the effect of emotional dimensions, which are defined within the framework of different approaches, on recognition memory is mentioned. Empirical studies are also reviewed by including the findings on the response biases that emotion might cause. On the other hand, the factor affecting memory performance is not solely due to emotional stimuli' dimensions. Instead, memory performance might be positively affected by the context of emotional stimuli. Additionally, how emotional memory is studied in a controlled laboratory setting is discussed. Within this context, emotional databases developed to investigate emotion-memory interaction and databases designed for research to be carried out in Turkey are discussed. To sum up, within the scope of the current review, it is concluded that future studies on emotion and recognition memory interaction should take response bias caused by emotion, emotional context, and type of emotional stimuli into account to reach more consistent results. Keywords: Emotion, recognition memory, response bias, context, databases

Evaluation of a Collaborative Movement Task in a Distributed Three-Dimensional Virtual Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (17) ◽  
pp. 1578-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C. Mateo ◽  
Jeffrey L. Cowgill ◽  
Thomas J. Moore ◽  
Robert H. Gilkey ◽  
Brian D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channel ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Collaborative Task ◽  
Index Of Difficulty ◽  
Shared Virtual Environments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Task Parameters

A task designed to estimate the impact of communication channel performance on individual and collaborative human performance in distributed, shared, virtual environments was evaluated. The 'Fitts-like' task required participants to press buttons as fast as they could in a three-dimensional virtual workspace. In addition, in the collaborative task the 2 participants were required to press the buttons simultaneously. The size of the buttons, the distance between buttons, and the delay between movement and visual feedback were manipulated. The results were well described by Fitts' law. Movement Time increased with increases in Index of Difficulty and delay. The Index of Performance decreased with delay and was lower in the collaborative task. Overall, orderly changes in performance were observed with manipulation of task parameters, suggesting that future studies to examine more complicated manipulations of network performance and multisensory displays are appropriate.

scholarly journals Executive Function in Fragile X Syndrome: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Schmitt ◽  
Rebecca Shaffer ◽  
David Hessl ◽  
Craig Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Executive function (EF) supports goal-directed behavior and includes key aspects such as working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, attention, processing speed, and planning. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited monogenic cause of intellectual disability and is phenotypically characterized by EF deficits beyond what is expected given general cognitive impairments. Yet, a systematic review of behavioral studies using performance-based measures is needed to provide a summary of EF deficits across domains in males and females with FXS, discuss clinical and biological correlates of these EF deficits, identify critical limitations in available research, and offer suggestions for future studies in this area. Ultimately, this review aims to advance our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to EF in FXS and to inform the development of outcome measures of EF and identification of new treatment targets in FXS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document