scholarly journals Saccadic Eye Movements in Elderly Depressed Patients With Suicidal Behaviors: An Exploratory Eye-Tracking Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoan Barsznica ◽  
Nicolas Noiret ◽  
Bérénice Lambert ◽  
Julie Monnin ◽  
Claire De Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Suicidal behaviors (SBs) are often associated with impaired performance on neuropsychological executive functioning (EF) measures that encourage the development of more specific and reliable tools. Recent evidence could suggest that saccadic movement using eye tracking can provide reliable information on EF in depressive elderly. The aim of this study was to describe oculomotor performances in elderly depressed patients with SB. To achieve this aim, we compared saccadic eye movement (SEM) performances in elderly depressed patients (N = 24) with SB and with no SB in prosaccade (PS) and antisaccade (AS) tasks under the gap, step, and overlap conditions. All participants also underwent a complete neuropsychological battery. Performances were impaired in patients with SB who exhibited less corrected AS errors and longer time to correct them than patients with no SB. Moreover, both groups had a similar performance for PS latencies and correct AS. These preliminary results suggested higher cognitive inflexibility in suicidal patients compared to non-suicidal. This inflexibility may explain the difficulty of the depressed elderly in generating solutions to the resurgence of suicidal ideation (SI) to respond adequately to stressful environments. The assessment of eye movement parameters in depressed elderly patients may be a first step in identifying high-risk patients for suicide.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

Visual Fatigue and Saccadic Eye Movement Parameters

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 728-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Megaw ◽  
Tayyar Sen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Movement Parameters

It has been suggested by Bahill and Stark (1975) that visual fatigue can be identified by changes in some of the saccadic eye movement parameters. These include increases in the frequency of occurrence of glissades and overlapping saccades and reductions in the peak velocity and duration of saccades. In their study, fatigue was induced by the same step tracking task that was used to evaluate the changes in saccadic parameters. However, there is evidence that subjects experience extreme feelings of fatigue while performing such a task and that somehow the task is unnatural. The present study was designed to assess whether there are any differences in the various saccadic parameters obtained while subjects perform a step tracking task and a cognitive task involving the comparison of number strings. Both tasks were presented on a VDU screen. The second objective was to establish whether there are any changes in the parameters for either task as a result of prolonged performance. The results showed no major differences in the saccadic eye movements between the two tasks and no consistent changes resulting from prolonged performance.

scholarly journals Chapter 1. Eye-tracking: facts and figures

2018 ◽  
pp. 15-44
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
General Information ◽  
Cognitive Research ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Tracking Devices

In chapter 1 we describe the method of eye-tracking and how the interest to studying eye movements developed in time. We describe how modern eye-tracking devices work, including several most commonly used in cognitive research (SR-Research, SMI, Tobii). We also give some general information about eye movement parameters during reading and a brief over- view of main models of eye movement control in reading (SWIFT, E-Z Reader). These models take into account a significant amount of empirical data and simulate the interaction of oculo- motor and cognitive processes involved in reading. Differences between the models, as well as different interpretations allowed within the same model, reflect the complexity of reading and the ongoing discussion about the processes involved in it. The section ends up with the pros and cons of using LCD and CRT displays in eye-tracking studies.

scholarly journals Investigating brain mechanisms underlying natural reading by co-registering eye tracking with combined EEG and MEG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bela Weiss ◽  
Felix Dreyer ◽  
Elisabeth Fonteneau ◽  
Maarten van Casteren ◽  
Olaf Hauk
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Linking brain and behavior is one of the great challenges in cognitive neuroscience. Ultimately, we want to understand how the brain processes information to guide every-day behavior. However, most neuroscientific studies employ very simplistic experimental paradigms whose ecological validity is doubtful. Reading is a case in point, since most neuroscientific studies to date have used unnatural word-by-word stimulus presentation and have often focused on single word processing. Previous research has therefore actively avoided factors that are important for natural reading, such as rapid self-paced stimulus presentation rates and voluntary saccadic eye movements. Recent methodological developments have made it possible to deal with associated problems such as eye movement artefacts and the overlap of brain responses to successive stimuli, using a combination of eye-tracking and neuroimaging. A growing number of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are successfully using this methodology. Here, we provide a proof-of-concept that this methodology can be applied to combined EEG and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Our participants naturally read 4-word sentences that could end in a plausible or implausible word while eye-tracking, EEG and MEG were being simultaneously recorded. Eye-movement artefacts were removed using independent-component analysis. Fixation-related potentials and fields for sentence-final words were subjected to minimum-norm source estimation. We detected an N400-type brain response in our EEG data starting around 200 ms after fixation of the sentence-final word. The brain sources of this effect, estimated from combined EEG and MEG data, were mostly located in left temporal lobe areas. We discuss the possible use of this method for future neuroscientific research on language and cognition.

scholarly journals Impaired Inhibitory Control of Saccadic Eye Movements in Cervical Dystonia: An Eye‐Tracking Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Carbone ◽  
Philipp Ellmerer ◽  
Marcel Ritter ◽  
Sabine Spielberger ◽  
Philipp Mahlknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements

scholarly journals Gender-Based Eye Movement Differences in the Ilab-X Platform Using: An Eye-Tracking Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S174
Author(s):  
Wuheng Zuo ◽  
Ziru Wu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Huahe Jin ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Movement Differences

Why subtitle speed matters: Evidence from word skipping and rereading

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jan-Louis Kruger ◽  
Natalia Wisniewska ◽  
Sixin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Situation Model ◽  
Linguistic Processing ◽  
Reading Behavior ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Word Skipping

Abstract High subtitle speed undoubtedly impacts the viewer experience. However, little is known about how fast subtitles might impact the reading of individual words. This article presents new findings on the effect of subtitle speed on viewers’ reading behavior using word-based eye-tracking measures with specific attention to word skipping and rereading. In multimodal reading situations such as reading subtitles in video, rereading allows people to correct for oculomotor error or comprehension failure during linguistic processing or integrate words with elements of the image to build a situation model of the video. However, the opportunity to reread words, to read the majority of the words in the subtitle and to read subtitles to completion, is likely to be compromised when subtitles are too fast. Participants watched videos with subtitles at 12, 20, and 28 characters per second (cps) while their eye movements were recorded. It was found that comprehension declined as speed increased. Eye movement records also showed that faster subtitles resulted in more incomplete reading of subtitles. Furthermore, increased speed also caused fewer words to be reread following both horizontal eye movements (likely resulting in reduced lexical processing) and vertical eye movements (which would likely reduce higher-level comprehension and integration).

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