scholarly journals Following Health Measures in the Pandemic: A Matter of Values?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Experimental Effect

Three studies (N = 887) tested the hypothesis that value consistency predicts intended coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) health behaviors and overrides other utility-based motivational factors. Accordingly, Study 1 showed that intentions of social distancing were higher if it was perceived as more value-consistent. The higher value consistency, the less self-interest inconsistency, and the perceived efficacy of social distancing mattered for intentions. On the other hand, Study 2 failed to induce value consistency experimentally. However, correlative results show a moderation pattern similar to Study 1 regarding social distancing intentions, policy support, and devaluation of transgressors. In Study 3, higher value consistency of vaccination reduced the experimental effect of prosocial efficacy but not the effect of self-interest efficacy of the vaccine. The findings are discussed regarding theoretical implications for the interplay of values and utility in motivation. In addition, implications for the potentially ambivalent effects of appealing to values to increase compliance are discussed.

Resistant Exits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennet Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Political Obligations ◽  
Political Concern ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
Self Interest

This chapter explores a dilemma faced by some political activists operating in constrained political contexts. Should they stay or should they go? In authoritarian contexts, remaining in the country of origin can carry serious risks—including torture, incarceration, and death. Leaving, on the other hand, may be seen as cowardly, self-interested, or an abandonment of political obligations to the cause of opposition. This chapter looks at contemporary political exiles who have negotiated this dilemma in an innovative way by continuing their opposition from abroad. It illuminates resistant exits in a contemporary political contexts and looks more closely at the a complicated set of relationships between self-interest and political concern for others. It argues that it can be difficult to discern a sharp demarcation between acting selfishly and behaving selflessly for these activists. The connection between the two is tangled, one in which self-interested concerns lie atop and underneath more selfless political and moral obligations.

THE RUSSIAN-TURKISH WAR OF 1877-1878 IN THE LETTERS OF K.P. POBEDONOSTSEV TO E.F. TYUTCHEVA

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-127
Author(s):  
Olga S. Surzhik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual

The article reflects K.P. Pobedonostsev’s understanding of the events of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878. He noticed the spiritual division of the society in the face of wartime challenges. It was based on the Christian conscience of the individual, or its spiritual passivity. The war of 1877– 1878 divided the Russian society into sincere figures who were ready to sacrifice their lives, property, time, and formal reputation for the sake of faith, the Tsar, the Fatherland, the suffering neighbors, and into those who preferred to put on self-interest and skepticism, and hide behind indifference and instructions. The more formalized an official’s activities are, the more harmful and less effective they are. Favoritism and theft were not harmed by this order. The less work you do for your conscience, for the sake of loving your neighbor and fulfilling your duty to God, the greater the need for fear of punishment. On the other hand, the more formalized an official’s activities are, the greater the fear of responsibility when taking the initiative. In the social activities of wartime, the thinker also saw a division into modest ascetics and noisy demonstrative personalities, who, acting for show, were more harmful to the cause. On the other hand, according to K.P. Pobedonostsev, the war had awakened many forces that were sleeping in the people’s environment.

COVID-19 and employment in Brazilian microregions: A spatial analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysson Luiz Stege ◽  
Augusta Pelinski Raiher ◽  
Alex Sander Souza do Carmos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Northeastern Region ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the Covid-19 effect on jobs, using Brazilian microregions data.  The Covid-19 effect was disaggregated into exogenous (reduction in exports) and endogenous (increase in social distancing) variables, the coefficient was estimated by Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Using this methodology we can control the extremum heterogeneity, estimating one coefficient for each microregion in the sample. The results revealed that exports did not have any effects on jobs. On the other hand, the social distancing presented negative effect on employment, besides, stronger effect was observed in the Brazilian Northeastern region.

SHOULD CITIZENS OF A WELFARE STATE BE TRANSFORMED INTO “QUEENS”?

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHIAS RISSE
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Oxford University Press

Motivation, agency, and public policy: of knights and knaves, pawns and queens, by Julian Le Grand, Oxford University Press, 2003, 230 pages.Julian Le Grand offers an account of public policy that arranges views along two axes: a motivational axis, along which individuals can be knights or knaves, and an agency axis, along which they can be pawns or queens. Knaves are concerned to further their self-interest, understood broadly in terms of whatever people may care about. Following Hume, Le Grand calls such characters “knaves,” but this has no automatic connotations with illegal activities. Knights, on the other hand, are motivated to help others for no private reward, even to the detriment of their interests. Pawns, like the pieces on the chess board, are passive victims of circumstances, unable to make responsible choices. Queens do make such choices: they are empowered agents responsible for their fates.

scholarly journals Ideology Trumps Self-Interest: Continued Support for a Political Leader Despite Disappointing Tax Returns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Rathje ◽  
Azim Shariff ◽  
Simone Schnall
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Tax Returns

People presumably strive to maximize their own benefit whenever possible, so it is puzzling when they vote for leaders who may not have their best interest at heart. We tested whether support for a political leader is diminished when supporters learn they are financially disadvantaged by the leader’s policies. In a pre-registered, two-stage experiment (Time 1 n = 601, Time 2 n = 343), Trump voters predicted their expected tax refund (or payment), and then reported their tax outcome immediately after the filing deadline. Afterwards, we confronted half of the participants with the discrepancy between their actual and predicted tax outcome. Having lower-than-expected tax outcomes was not associated with reduced support for Trump either on its own, or in combination with being reminded of this outcome. However, it led participants who were dissatisfied with their tax outcome to downgrade the importance of lowering taxes, possibly in an effort to reduce cognitive dissonance and justify continued support for Trump. Subjective tax outcome satisfaction, on the other hand, did predict Trump support, but was dwarfed in magnitude by other variables such as system justification and political orientation. Overall, we find little evidence that economic self-interest played a role in support for Trump.

scholarly journals Cristianismo y pandemia en Argentina. Notas sobre la secularización del discurso religioso

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Diego Mauro ◽  
Mariano Fabris
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Evangelical Churches ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Religious Actors ◽  
The Catholic Church

The article analyzes the discourse of religious specialists on the pandemic. Throughout the essay we offer some provisional answers based on what happened in Argentina with the authorities of the Catholic Church and the associations of evangelical churches. We defend the hypothesis that the discourse of these religious actors about the pandemic had a low level of enchantment. We also affirm that it was based on a secularized view of society, health and politics, devoid of apocalyptic and conspiratorial perspectives. On the other hand, we affirm that two moments can be demarcated. In the first months, Christian religious institutions supported the government’s health measures. However, in the following months, critical voices emerged demanding more attention to religion in public policy.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance: a debate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David van Duin ◽  
Gavin Barlow ◽  
Dilip Nathwani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having an enormous impact on public health. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many regions around the world. As many COVID-19 patients are treated with antibiotics, there is concern regarding an associated rise in rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). On the other hand, social distancing, isolation and reduced travel may result in decreased spread of AMR. In this issue of JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, we present a PRO/CON debate on the question of the potential impact of COVID-19 on AMR rates.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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