scholarly journals The Model for Sustainable Mental Health: Future Directions for Integrating Positive Psychology Into Mental Health Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Bohlmeijer ◽  
Gerben Westerhof
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Positive Psychotherapy

This position paper proposes a model for systematic integration of positive psychology interventions (PPIs) in mental healthcare. On the one hand, PPIs can contribute to the decrease of dysfunctional processes underlying mental illness. This evidence is at the core of the new domains of positive clinical psychology and positive psychiatry. On the other hand, a growing number of studies demonstrate that mental health is not merely the absence of mental illness. Mental wellbeing represents a related but separate dimension of mental health. Mental wellbeing reduces the risk of future incidence of mental illness and is highly valued by people receiving psychological treatment as an important aspect of personal and complete recovery and personal growth. This makes mental wellbeing a vital outcome of mental healthcare. PPIs can directly increase mental wellbeing. The model of sustainable mental health is presented integrating the science of positive psychology and mental wellbeing into mental healthcare. This heuristic model can guide both practitioners and researchers in developing, implementing, and evaluating a more balanced, both complaint- and strength-oriented, treatment approach. The role of gratitude interventions is discussed as an example of applying the model. Also, three potential modalities for implementing PPIs as positive psychotherapy in treatment are as: positive psychotherapy as primary treatment, as combinatorial treatment, and as intervention for personal recovery of people with severe or persistent mental disorder. Finally, we argue that longitudinal studies are needed to substantiate the model and the processes involved.

scholarly journals Competitive Athletes' Experiences With Mental Illness And Psychological Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Jewett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sport Culture

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of sport culture in athlete mental health, the importance of mental healthcare providers having an understanding of this context, and how athletes tend to access mental healthcare. Ten athletes with personal experience in these domains were interviewed and a thematic analysis was used. Athletes who attributed their mental health challenges to their sport participation thought it was important for their mental healthcare providers to have experience with sport. Normalization and validation of mental illness within the sport context and understanding competitive sport culture were identified as important. Facilitators of care access included a supportive cultural environment and influential individuals. Barriers included stigma and the financial cost of treatment. Coaches influenced athletes’ attitudes toward help-seeking. Implications for assessment and treatment of mental illness in athletes are discussed. Future research should explore gender, race, and ethnicity in athletes’ experiences with mental illness.

scholarly journals Competitive Athletes' Experiences With Mental Illness And Psychological Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Jewett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sport Culture

The purpose of the study was to explore the role of sport culture in athlete mental health, the importance of mental healthcare providers having an understanding of this context, and how athletes tend to access mental healthcare. Ten athletes with personal experience in these domains were interviewed and a thematic analysis was used. Athletes who attributed their mental health challenges to their sport participation thought it was important for their mental healthcare providers to have experience with sport. Normalization and validation of mental illness within the sport context and understanding competitive sport culture were identified as important. Facilitators of care access included a supportive cultural environment and influential individuals. Barriers included stigma and the financial cost of treatment. Coaches influenced athletes’ attitudes toward help-seeking. Implications for assessment and treatment of mental illness in athletes are discussed. Future research should explore gender, race, and ethnicity in athletes’ experiences with mental illness.

scholarly journals Positive Psychology for Mental Wellbeing of UK Therapeutic Students: Relationships with Engagement, Motivation, Resilience and Self-Compassion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kotera ◽  
Pauline Green ◽  
David Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the relationships between mental wellbeing and positive psychological constructs in therapeutic students (psychotherapy and occupational therapy students). The number of therapeutic students has increased recently; however, they suffer from poor mental health, which may be improved by potentiating their positive psychological constructs, bypassing mental health shame. Therapeutic students (n = 145) completed measures regarding positive psychological constructs, namely mental wellbeing, engagement, motivation, resilience, and self-compassion. Resilience and self-compassion predicted mental wellbeing, explaining a large effect. Self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between resilience and mental wellbeing. This study highlights the importance of positive psychological constructs, especially resilience and self-compassion, for mental wellbeing of therapeutic students.

scholarly journals Creating a ‘reverse’ integrated primary and mental healthcare clinic for those with serious mental illness

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Maragakis ◽  
Ragavan Siddharthan ◽  
Jill RachBeisel ◽  
Cassandra Snipes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Mental Health Settings ◽  
Primary Care Practitioners

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) are more likely to experience preventable medical health issues, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, than the general population. To further compound this issue, these individuals are less likely to seek preventative medical care. These factors result in higher usage of expensive emergency care, lower quality of care, and lower life expectancy. This manuscript presents literature that examines the health disparities this population experiences, and barriers to accessing primary care. Through the identification of these barriers, we recommend that the field of family medicine work in collaboration with the field of mental health to implement ‘reverse’ integrated care (RIC) systems, and provide primary care services in the mental health settings. By embedding primary care practitioners in mental health settings, where individuals with SMI are more likely to present for treatment, this population may receive treatment for somatic care by experts. This not only would improve the quality of care received by patients, but would also remove the burden of managing complex somatic care from providers trained in mental health. The rationale for this RIC system, as well as training and policy reforms, are discussed.

scholarly journals The DELTA® nursing measure: Its development and testing for nursing utility

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik J. Loubser ◽  
Judith C. Bruce ◽  
Daleen Casteleijn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Care Plans

In the specialised nursing field of acute mental illness nurses expressed a need to measure and evaluate their patients’ mental-health outcomes both empirically and routinely. The aim was to develop and test a measurement tool, named the DELTA nursing measure, which could be embedded routinely into the nursing process and care plans, enabling the psychiatric nurses to score and evaluate their patients’ acute mental-health outcomes. A qualitative, exploratory study design was used to address two sequential objectives. Firstly, qualitative data that described observable behaviours in patients with acute mental illness were collected from psychiatric nurses (n = 5) who were experienced in acute mental healthcare. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis techniques to design and construct the DELTA nursing measure. In the second objective, the nursing utility of the DELTA nursing measure was studied. This was done by training and testing a new team of psychiatric nurses (n = 25) working in a 116-bed acute psychiatric hospital, in the application of the DELTA nursing measure. After 30 months a focus group (n = 6) representing this team was held to explore their perceptions and experiences of the nursing utility of the newly-developed measure. The descriptive data were analysed using deductive content analysis techniques. The outcome of the DELTA nursing measure as a routine nursing measure of acute mental illness provided good results. The nursing-utility characteristics have confirmed positive responses with regard to its acceptance, usefulness and confidence as a worthwhile tool to be used in expediting nursing services in acute mental healthcare. The positive responses to the DELTA nursing measure are noteworthy. It has the potential to add substantial value to the mental health care field in nursing by adding a measurable dimension to patient outcomes, a much needed requirement by patients, multidisciplinary teams and healthcare funders.In die gespesialiseerde verplegingsveld van akute psigiatrie het verpleegkundiges ’n behoefte uitgespreek om roetineweg pasiënte se geestesgesondheidsuitkomste empiries te meet en te evalueer. Die doel van die studie was om ’n meetinstrument, genoemd die ‘DELTA nursing measure’, te ontwikkel en toets wat ingebed kan word in die verplegingsproses en versorgingsplan en wat psigiatriese verpleegkundiges in staat kan stel om roetine-weg die pasiënte se akute geestesgesondheidsuitkomste te meet en te evalueer. ’n Kwalitatiewe, eksploratiewe studie ontwerp is gebruik om twee opeenvolgende doelwitte aan te spreek. Eerstens is kwalitatiewe data wat observeerbare gedrag in pasiënte met akute geestessiektes beskryf ingesamel van psigiatriese verpleegkundiges (n = 5) wat ervaring het in akute geestesgesondheidsorg. Die data is geanaliseer met induktiewe inhouds analiese tegnieke om die ontwerp en konstruksie van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ te bewerkstellig. In die tweede doelwit was die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ se bruikbaarheid vir verpleging bestudeer. Om dit te doen was ’n nuwe span psigiatriese verpleegkundiges (n = 25) wat werksaam was in ’n 116-bed akute psigiatriese hospitaal opgelei en getoets in die gebruik van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’. Na 30 maande is ’n fokusgroep (n = 6) gehou wat verteenwoordigend was van die span om hulle persepsies en ervarings van die nuut-ontwikkelde meetskaal se bruikbaarheid te eksploreer. Beskrywende data is met behulp van deduktiewe inhouds tegnieke geanaliseer. Die uitkoms van die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ as ’n routine verplegingmeetskaal vir die bepaling van akuutheid in psigiatrie het baie goeie resultate opgelewer. Die bruikbaarheidseienskappe het positiewe response bevestig dat aanvaarding, betroubaarheid en vertroue bereik is en dat dit ’n nuttige instrument is om die verplegingsdiens te bevorder. Die positiewe response op die ‘DELTA nursing measure’ is merkwaardig. Dit het die potensiaal om ’n betekenisvolle bydrae te lewer tot die psigiatriese verplegingsveld omdat dit ’n meetbare dimensie toevoeg tot pasient uitkomste, ’n hoogs-benodigde vereiste van pasiënte, multidissiplinêre spanne en gesondheidsorgbefondsers.

scholarly journals Changing Approaches to Mental Healthcare in the Caribbean Conferences on Mental Health, 1957-1969

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Toner ◽  
Clare Anderson ◽  
Shammane Joseph Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This paper examines discussions among physicians, psychologists, public health officials, religious leaders and others who participated in the Caribbean Conferences on Mental Health between 1957 and 1969. Their discussions demonstrate major changes in the understanding of causes, definitions and appropriate treatments of mental health conditions, compared to the late nineteenth century, which saw a wave of major reforms to the management of mental illness in public asylums. Although major shifts in professional understandings of mental health were evident in the mid-twentieth century, the Caribbean Conferences on Mental Health reveal that the problems hindering the implementation of these new approaches were largely similar to those that Guyana and other Caribbean countries continue to face today.

scholarly journals When does geography matter most? Age-specific geographical effects in the patterning of, and relationship between, mental wellbeing and mental illness.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J Griffith ◽  
Kelvyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Covariate Adjustment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Geographical Context

Mental illness and mental wellbeing are related but distinct constructs. Despite this, geographical enquiry often references the two as interchangeable indicators of mental health and assumes the relationship between the two is consistent across different geographical scales. Furthermore, the importance of geography in such research is commonly assumed to be static for all age groups, despite the large body of evidence demonstrating contextual effects in age-specific populations. We leverage simultaneous measurement of a mental illness and mental wellbeing metric from Understanding Society, a UK population-based survey, and employ bivariate, cross-classified multilevel modelling to characterise the relationship between geographical context and mental health. Results provide strong evidence for contextual effects for both responses before and after covariate adjustment, with weaker evidence for area-classification and PSU-level contextual effects for the GHQ-12 after covariate adjustment. Results support a two-continua model of mental health at the individual level, but indicates that consensual benefit may be achieved across both dimensions by intervening at household and regional levels. There is also some evidence of a greater contextual effects for mental wellbeing than for mental illness. Results highlight the potential of the household as a target for intervention design for consensual benefit across both constructs. Results highlight the increased importance of geographical context for older respondents across both responses. This research supports an area-based approach to improving both mental illness and mental wellbeing in older populations.

scholarly journals Heard, known and safe in general practice? An interview study with patients with severe and persistent mental illness

BJGP Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. BJGPO.2021.0201
Author(s):  
Nancy Jennifer Sturman ◽  
Ryan Williams ◽  
Marianne Wyder ◽  
Johanna Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Community Mental Health Clinics

BackgroundAlthough GPs provide care to many patients with severe and persistent mental illness, the role and skillset of the GP in this space are contested. Patients are less satisfied with GP care of mental health than physical health issues.AimTo explore patient expectations and experiences of GP roles in their mental health, and identify opportunities for improving mental health care in general practice.Design & settingPatient participants were recruited from community mental health clinics in Brisbane, Australia.MethodIndividual semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of patients. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed professionally. The authors conducted an inductive thematic analysis, attending to participant vulnerability and reflexivity.Results16 interviews were conducted by one author (RW), average duration 29 minutes. Three overarching themes were identified: being heard; being known; and being safe. Participants greatly valued ‘good GPs’ who were able to detect early signs of relapse, and with whom they came to feel heard, known and safe over time. Experiences of perfunctory, hurried care and avoidance of mental health issues were also reported. Many participants were uncertain whether GP training in mental health was sufficient to keep them safe. Patients may suspect negative attitudes to mental illness in GPs who actively engage predominantly with their physical health.ConclusionSome GPs play central roles in patients’ mental healthcare. Barriers for others need further exploration, and may include time, confidence and/or expertise. Findings challenge GPs to engage more actively and effectively with these patients in theirgeneral practice consultations.

scholarly journals Contact with recovered peers: buffering disempowering service experiences and promoting personal recovery in serious mental illness

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronte McLeod ◽  
Denny Meyer ◽  
Greg Murray ◽  
Fiona Foley ◽  
Nev Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Treatment Experience ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness

Background Mental health patients can experience involuntary treatment as disempowering and stigmatising, and contact with recovered peers is cited as important for countering stigma and fostering agency and autonomy integral to recovery. Aims To advance understanding of the interaction between involuntary treatment and contact with recovered peers, and explore hypothesised relationships to mechanisms of self-evaluation relevant to recovery. Method Eighty-nine adults diagnosed with serious mental illness completed items to assess involuntary treatment experience and the extent of prior contact with recovered peers, the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Self-efficacy for Personal Recovery Scale, the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery and relevant demographic and clinical scales. Results Contact with recovered peers was found to moderate the effects of involuntary treatment on internalised stigma. Sequential conditional process models (i.e. moderated mediation) then demonstrated that conditional internalised stigma (i.e. moderated by contact with recovered peers) mediated the indirect effect of involuntary treatment on recovery-specific self-efficacy, which in turn influenced recovery. Compared with those with low contact with recovered peers, recovery scores were 3.54 points higher for those with high contact. Conclusions Although study methods limit causative conclusions, findings are consistent with proposals that contact with recovered peers may be helpful for this patient group, and suggest this may be particularly relevant for those with involuntary treatment experience. Directions for future research, to further clarify measurement and conceptual tensions relating to the study of (dis)empowering experiences in mental health services, are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Loss and change: The challenges of mothering an adult child with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Wiens ◽  
J. C. Daniluk
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Mental Health Practice ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Relational Change

A qualitative narrative and cross-narrative research method was used to explore how six mothers of adult children with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder experienced personal growth and change. Twenty-four largely unstructured interviews were conducted over the course of two years. The following eight common themes emerged across the narratives: Enduring sadness and loss, Distress and struggle, Fluctuations in hope, Feelings of guilt and regret, Concern about their child’s future, Impact of their child’s mental illness on their other children, Commitment to helping/action, and Personal and relational change. The changes reported by these mothers were set against the backdrop of the nonfinite losses that characterized the realities and uncertainties of their lives since the onset of their child’s mental illness. Implications for mental health practice are addressed based on these findings.

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