Initial Evidence for Symptoms of Postpartum Parent-Infant Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (PI-ROCD) and Associated Risk for Perturbed Maternal Behavior and Infant Social Disengagement From Mother

Infant socioemotional development and underlying brain maturation occur primarily within the context of early caregiver-infant relationships. Perinatal research demonstrates detrimental impact of postpartum pathology, including postnatal onset of maternal OCD—on the mother-infant relationship. The present study is the first to examine postnatal onset of a particular dimension of OCD symptoms focusing on close interpersonal relationships (relationship-OCD, i.e., ROCD) within a general population sample. Specifically, we assessed whether symptoms of Parent-Child ROCD (PC-ROCD), may onset postnatally, thus yielding symptoms of Parent-Infant ROCD (PI-ROCD). We adapted the previously validated Parent-Child ROCD measure for use during infancy to assess symptoms of PI-ROCD. The adapted measure, Parent-Infant Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms Inventory (PI-PROCSI), was administered to 143 mothers from the general population at 4-months postpartum. We investigated concurrent associations between postnatal onset of PI-ROCD, maternal depression and bonding, as well as longitudinal predictive associations with observed maternal and infant behaviors in dyadic interactions at 10 months. Due to dropout across the 1st year postpartum, the subsample with longitudinal data was substantially reduced compared to the full sample. PI-PROCSI scores explained unique variance in concurrent maternal depression over and above concurrent anxiety. PI-PROCSI scores also associated with concurrent impairments of maternal bonding. Moreover, unique associations emerged between maternal PI-ROCD scores and perturbations in both maternal and infant observable behaviors at 10-months. Specifically, observable perturbations in maternal behaviors mediated associations between symptoms of PI-ROCD at 4-months and observable infant avoidance of social engagement behaviors at 10-months. Findings suggest that parent-child ROCD symptoms may onset during the postnatal period, and that such symptoms may play a significant role in shaping quality of reciprocal caregiver-infant interactions. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

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Two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in Iranian general and clinical samples

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00529-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Reza Moloodi ◽

Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽

Parvaneh Mohammadkhani ◽

Ladan Fata ◽

Ata Ghaderi

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Population Sample ◽

Higher Order ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Order Model ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Males And Females

Abstract Background Studies in Western cultures have shown that perfectionism is conceptualized by two-factor higher-order model including perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. However, little is known about the construct of perfectionism in Eastern societies. Thus, we examined the two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in Iranian general and clinical samples. Methods We recruited a general population sample (n = 384) and patients with major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and eating disorders (n = 152) from Tehran, Iran from September 2016 to December 2017. They completed the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire, Perfectionism Inventory, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21. Results The two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism showed adequate fit with data for females from the general population and clinical sample. Data for males were only available from the general population, and the model showed adequate fit with the data first after removing the Rumination scale of the perfectionistic concerns. The perfectionistic strivings dimension showed no or negative association with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, but perfectionistic concerns dimension showed positive correlation with these indices in all samples for both males and females. Conclusions The results support the two-factor higher-order model of perfectionism in samples of Iranian females from the general population and clinical sample. However, the results were different for males from the general population. In other words, the modified two-factor higher-order model showed acceptable fit with the data for males from the general population only after removing the Rumination scale from perfectionistic concerns. These differences among males and females were discussed.

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Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – Child Version (OCI-CV) in General Population

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000276 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 97-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tíscar Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽

Antonio Godoy ◽

José A. Piqueras ◽

Aurora Gavino ◽

Agustín E. Martínez-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Self Report ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Good Consistency ◽

Order Factor ◽

General Populations ◽

Report Measure

Abstract. Evidence-based assessment is necessary as a first step for developing psychopathological studies and assessing the effectiveness of empirically validated treatments. There are several measures of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or symptomatology in children and adolescents, but all of them present some limitations. The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) by Foa and her colleagues has showed to be a good self-report measure to capture the dimensionality of OCD in adults and adolescents. The child version of the OCI (OCI-CV) was validated for clinical children and adolescents in 2010, showing excellent psychometric properties. The objective of this study was to examine the factor structure and invariance of the OCI-CV in the general population. Results showed a six-factor structure with one second-order factor, good consistency values, and invariance across region, age, and sex. The OCI-CV is an excellent inventory for assessing the dimensions of OCD symptomatology in general populations of children and adolescents. The invariance across sex and age warrants its utilization for research purposes.

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Which biopsychosocial view of mental illness?

Psychiatry Reborn: Biopsychosocial psychiatry in modern medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198789697.003.0006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 82-96

Author(s):

Walter Sinnott-Armstrong ◽

Jesse S. Summers

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Almost All

Biopsychosocial theories of mental illness claim that biological, psychological, and social factors are all central to every mental illness. This general approach cannot be assessed or employed properly without specifying the precise relation between mental illnesses and these three levels of understanding. This chapter distinguishes disjunctive, causal, explanatory, therapeutic (or treatment), and constitutive (or definitional) versions of biopsychosocial theories. However, all of these claims are uncontroversial and not distinctive of the biopsychosocial approach, except the constitutive claim. That constitutive claim is inaccurate, because almost all mental illnesses are and should be defined by their psychological symptoms instead of their biological or social causes. These lessons are applied to case studies of post-traumatic stress disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and scrupulosity.

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“Why do I obsess about my child's flaws?”: Assessing the role of parental self‐vulnerabilities in parent–child relationship obsessive compulsive disorder (ROCD) symptoms

Clinical Psychologist ◽

10.1111/cp.12217 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 285-293

Author(s):

Assaf Levy ◽

Lee Tibi ◽

Ohad Szepsenwol ◽

Guy Doron

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Parent Child Relationship ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Child Relationship ◽

Parent Child

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Do the traits of autism-spectrum overlap with those of schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder in the general population?

Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.rasd.2011.09.008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 717-725 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Akio Wakabayashi ◽

Simon Baron-Cohen ◽

Chris Ashwin

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Impulsiveness in Obsessive-Compulsive Patients

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.143.2.177 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 177-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Rudolf Hoehn-Saric ◽

Vernon C. Barksdale

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Impulse Control ◽

Learning Problems ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Frustration Tolerance ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

History Of ◽

Neuroticism Scale ◽

Low Frustration Tolerance

SummaryObsessive-compulsive patients with a history of poor impulse control were identified and compared with non-impulsive obsessive-compulsive patients. Although both groups reported comparable obsessive-compulsive symptoms, the impulsive group rated significantly higher on disturbances during childhood, which included learning problems, low frustration tolerance, poor interpersonal relationships and attention-seeking behaviour. The impulsive group also scored highly on the neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and reported a higher incidence of somatic symptoms. It appears that poor impulse control was related to disturbances which had already manifested themselves during childhood, while the obsessive-compulsive disorder was superimposed at a later time.

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Parent–Child Agreement in the Assessment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology ◽

10.1080/15374410903258975 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 909-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Kristin E. Canavera ◽

Kendall C. Wilkins ◽

Donna B. Pincus ◽

Jill T. Ehrenreich-May

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Parent Child

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Bulimia comorbidity in the general population and in the clinic

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700027756 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 605-611 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

J. A. Bushnell ◽

J. E. Wells ◽

J. M. McKenzie ◽

A. R. Hornblow ◽

M. A. Oakley-Browne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

General Population ◽

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Base Rates ◽

Specific Increase ◽

Bulimic Women

SynopsisThis study compares rates of comorbidity of lifetime psychiatric disorder in a clinical sample of women with bulimia, with general population base rates, and with rates of comorbidity among bulimic women in the general population. Eighty-four per cent of the clinical sample of bulimic women had a lifetime affective disorder, and 44% a lifetime alcohol or drug disorder. These rates of disorder were significantly higher than the base rates in the general population. Bulimic women in the general population also had more affective and substance-use disorders than the general population base rates, but the rates of these disorders were lower than found in the clinical sample. In the general population, quite similar rates of other disorders including generalized anxiety, panic, phobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder, are found among those with bulimia, substance-use disorder and depression. Furthermore, among those with depression and substance-use disorder in the general population, rates of eating disorder are comparable. Rather than suggesting a specific relationship between bulimia and either depression or substance-use disorder, the data from this study suggest that the presence of any disorder is associated with a non-specific increase in the likelihood of other psychiatric disorder.

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Interpersonal Ambivalence in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465812000574 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 594-609 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Steffen Moritz ◽

Helen Niemeyer ◽

Birgit Hottenrott ◽

Lisa Schilling ◽

Carsten Spitzer

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Anger Expression ◽

Social Attitudes ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Functional Connection ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Competence Training ◽

Inflated Responsibility

Background: The social attitudes and interpersonal relationships of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are subject to a longstanding controversy. Whereas cognitive-behavioural researchers emphasize exaggerated pro-social attitudes in OCD like inflated responsibility and worry for other people (especially significant others), dynamic theories traditionally focus on anti-social attitudes such as latent aggression and hostility. In two recent studies, we gathered support not only for a co-existence of these seemingly opposing attitudes in OCD, but also for a functional connection: inflated responsibility in part appears to serve as a coping strategy (or “defense”) against negative interpersonal feelings. Aims: In the present study, we tested a shortened version of the Responsibility and Interpersonal Behaviours and Attitudes Questionnaire (RIBAQ-R). Method: The scale was administered to 34 participants with OCD and 34 healthy controls. The questionnaire concurrently measures pro-social and anti-social interpersonal attitudes across three subscales. Results: In line with our prior studies, patients displayed higher scores on both exaggerated pro-social attitudes (e.g. “I suffer from a strict conscience concerning my relatives”) as well as latent aggression (e.g. “Sometimes I would like to harm strangers on the street“) and suspiciousness/distrust (e.g. “I cannot even trust my own family”). A total of 59% of the patients but only 12% of the healthy controls showed marked interpersonal ambivalence (defined as scores higher than one standard deviation from the mean of the nonclinical controls on both the pro-social and at least one of the two anti-social subscales). Conclusions: The study asserts high interpersonal ambivalence in OCD. Further research is required to pinpoint both the dynamic and causal links between opposing interpersonal styles. Normalization and social competence training may prove beneficial to resolve the apparent problems of patients with OCD regarding anger expression and social conflict management.

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