Association Between Family Structure and Anxiety Disorder Among Pre-schoolers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Chongqing, China

Objective: This study explores the current situation of anxiety disorder of pre-schoolers and assesses the association between family structure and anxiety disorder (AD) among pre-schoolers in Chongqing, China.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 499 main fosterers of children aged 3–6 years who completed the 28-item Chinese version of the Spence Pre-school Anxiety Scale (PAS). Multinomial logistic regression with three models was used to assess the association of the family structure with the different AD.Results: The prevalence of AD was 31.46%, whose score of PAS were more than 48. Among the five different PAS sub-scales, the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was the highest (50.10%), followed by separation anxiety disorder (SAD, 39.28%), fear of physical harm (FPH, 37.68%), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, 33.47%), and social phobia (SP, 25.85%). Pre-schoolers from inter-generational families were more probably have AD than those from nuclear families (OR = 3.73, p < 0.05). The participants from inter-generational families were more likely to have SAD (OR = 3.39, p < 0.05), FPM (OR = 2.80, p < 0.05), or OCD (OR = 2.40, p < 0.05), in comparison with participants from other family structures.Conclusion: Anxiety disorder among pre-schoolers aged 3–6 in Chongqing is widespread. Pre-schoolers from inter-generational families were more probably have AD, SAD, FPM, and OR and pre-schoolers from stem families may be less likely to have SAD compared with those from nuclear families. Relieving the anxiety of pre-schoolers may be possible with additional interventional efforts in inter-generational families.

Download Full-text

Separation anxiety disorder in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.04.007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A.P. Franz ◽

L. Rateke ◽

T. Hartmann ◽

N. McLaughlin ◽

A.R. Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Separation Anxiety ◽

Symptom Assessment ◽

Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽

Compulsive Disorder

AbstractObjective:Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) tend to present higher morbidity than do those with OCD alone. However, the relationship between OCD and SAD has yet to be fully explored.Method:This was a cross-sectional study using multiple logistic regression to identify differences between OCD patients with SAD (OCD + SAD, n = 260) and without SAD (OCD, n = 695), in terms of clinical and socio-demographic variables. Data were extracted from those collected between 2005 and 2009 via the Brazilian Research Consortium on Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders project.Results:SAD was currently present in only 42 (4.4%) of the patients, although 260 (27.2%) had a lifetime diagnosis of the disorder. In comparison with the OCD group patients, patients with SAD + OCD showed higher chance to present sensory phenomena, to undergo psychotherapy, and to have more psychiatric comorbidities, mainly bulimia.Conclusion:In patients with primary OCD, comorbid SAD might be related to greater personal dysfunction and a poorer response to treatment, since sensory phenomena may be a confounding aspect on diagnosis and therapeutics. Patients with OCD + SAD might be more prone to developing specific psychiatric comorbidities, especially bulimia. Our results suggest that SAD symptom assessment should be included in the management and prognostic evaluation of OCD, although the psychobiological role that such symptoms play in OCD merits further investigation.

Download Full-text

Complex families and health complaints among adolescents: A population-based cross-sectional study

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494819893903 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 733-742

Author(s):

Sondre Aasen Nilsen ◽

Mari Hysing ◽

Kyrre Breivik ◽

Ove Heradstveit ◽

Eilif Vingen Sunde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Structure ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Complaints ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family Structures ◽

Nuclear Families ◽

Joint Physical Custody

Aims: The structure of adolescents’ families has become more complex over the last decades in several western countries. In parallel, health complaints among adolescents appear to have risen in the Nordic countries. This study aimed to examine the association between family structure and health complaints among Norwegian adolescents while capturing biological, half-, and stepsiblings (sibship-type) in the families. Methods: Data stem from the youth@hordaland study, an epidemiological study of adolescents aged 16–19 years ( N = 10,257; participation rate = 53%) conducted in 2012. This study is based on a subsample of 8808 adolescents who lived with parent(s). The adolescents provided detailed information on sociodemographics, family structure, sibship-type, and common health complaints among youth (headache, dizziness, and abdominal, neck, back, and shoulder pain). Results: Adolescents in nuclear families and joint physical custody (JPC) reported significantly lower levels of health complaints compared to peers in single- or stepparent families. Independent of family structure, biological siblings were associated with lower levels of health complaints, while stepsiblings were associated with higher levels of health complaints, but only among girls. These findings were robust to adjustments of sociodemographic variables. Conclusions: Health complaints are frequent but unequally distributed across family structures. Adolescents in nuclear families and JPC report lower levels of health complaints compared to peers in single- or stepparent families. Considering siblings appears to be relevant, as biological- and stepsiblings were related to adolescents’ symptoms, independent of family structure. In combination, knowledge about family structure and sibship-type may aid the identification of adolescents at risk of experiencing health complaints.

Download Full-text

The potential role of local pharmacies to assess asthma control: an Italian cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10080-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Caminati ◽

L. Cegolon ◽

M. Bacchini ◽

N. Segala ◽

A. Dama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asthma Control ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Asthma Severity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Disease Assessment ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Services ◽

Disease Community

Abstract Background Asthma control and monitoring still represents a challenge worldwide. Although the international guidelines suggest the interplay between secondary and primary care services as an effective strategy to control the disease, community pharmacies’ are seldom involved in asthma control assessment. The present cross-sectional study aimed at providing a picture of the relationship between asthma severity and control in community pharmacies within the health district of the city of Verona (Veneto Region, North-Eastern Italy). Methods A call for participation was launched through the Pharmacists’ Association of Verona. Patients referring to the participating pharmacies with an anti-asthmatic drug medical prescription and an asthma exemption code were asked to complete the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and a brief questionnaire collecting information on their age, sex, smoking status, aerobic physical exercise and usual asthma therapy, which also defined asthma severity. A multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to investigate the risk of uncontrolled as well as poorly controlled vs. controlled asthma (base). Results were expressed as relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results Fifty-seven community pharmacies accepted to participate and 584 asthmatic patients (54% females; mean-age: 51 ± 19 years) were consecutively recruited from 1st January to 30th June 2018 (6 months). Based upon ACT score 50.5% patients had a controlled asthma, 22.3% a poorly controlled and 27.2% uncontrolled. A variable proportion of patients with uncontrolled asthma were observed for every level of severity, although more frequently with mild persistent form of asthma. Most patients (92%) self-reported regular compliance with therapy. At multinomial regression analysis, patients under regular asthma treatment course (RRR = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.15; 0.77) were less likely to have an ACT< 16 compared to those not taking medications regularly. Conclusions Overall, our findings highlighted an unsatisfactory asthma control in the general population, independently of the severity level of the disease. Community pharmacies could be a useful frontline interface between patients and the health care services, supporting an effective asthma management plan, from disease assessment and monitoring treatment compliance to referral of patients to specialist medical consultancies.

Download Full-text

Food insecurity among the elderly: cross-sectional study with soup kitchen users

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/s1415-52732013000600007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 679-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bruna Fernanda do Nascimento Jacinto de Souza ◽

Letícia Marín-León

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Family Income ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Welfare Programs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socioeconomic Condition ◽

Soup Kitchen

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether food insecurity is associated with the demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health conditions of the elderly. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 427 elderly (³60 years) from Campinas, São Paulo; half were users of a government-run soup kitchen and the others, their neighbors of the same sex. Food insecurity was measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Univariate multinomial logistic regression was used for calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval to measure the association between the independent variables and food insecurity. Variables with p<0.20 were included in a multinomial model, and only those with p<0.05 remained. RESULTS: Most respondents (63.2%) were males; 15.2% and 6.6% were experiencing mild and moderate/severe food insecurity, respectively. The final model, adjusted for sex and age, showed that elderly with a total family income ≤2 minimum salaries (OR=3.41, 95%CI=1.27-9.14), who did not have a job (OR=2.95, 95%CI=1.23-7.06), and who were obese (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.04-3.87) were more likely to be mildly food insecure. Elderly with cancer (OR=4.13, 95%CI=1.21-14.0) and those hospitalized in the past year (OR=3.16, 95%CI=1.23-8.11) were more likely to be moderately/severely food insecure. Finally, elderly living in unfinished houses (OR=2.71; and OR=2.92) and who did not consume fruits (OR=2.95 and OR=4.11) or meats daily (OR=2.04 and OR=3.83) were more likely to be mildly and moderately/severely food insecure. CONCLUSION: Food insecure elderly are more likely to have chronic diseases, poor nutritional status, and poor socioeconomic condition. Therefore, the welfare programs should expand the number of soup kitchens and develop other strategies to assure adequate nutrition to these elderly.

Download Full-text

Family structure and multiple domains of child well-being in the United States: a cross-sectional study

Population Health Metrics ◽

10.1186/s12963-015-0038-0 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Patrick M Krueger ◽

Douglas P Jutte ◽

Luisa Franzini ◽

Irma Elo ◽

Mark D Hayward

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Family Structure ◽

Well Being ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Domains

Download Full-text

Perbedaan Proporsi Gangguan Depresi dan Gangguan Cemas Antara Mahasiswa Preklinik dan Klinik

Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education ◽

10.22146/jpki.32234 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Yoan Chou ◽

Dharmady Agus ◽

Dwi Jani Juliawati

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Medical Students ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Icd 10

Background: Medical education is full of burden and pressure, so that medical students are prone to get depressive disorder and anxiety disorder. These have been proven by several researches conducted in the faculties of medicine from abroad as well as in Indonesia. Medical students, either preclinical or clinical, need to face many obstacles, but clinical students have more demands than preclinical students and they are directly responsible for patient safety. The more demands of the clinical students made them prone to have more depressive and anxiety disorder.Method: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional study on 200 students on Atma Jaya Medicine Faculty by choosing 100 pre-clinical and clinical students with simple random sampling. Data were collected with structured interviews by using MINI ICD-10 instrument to determine the depressive and anxiety disorder.Results: There were significant differences between the proportion of depressive disorder and anxiety disorder among preclinical and clinical students in FKUAJ 2015 (p = 0.044 and p = 0.048). The proportion of depressive disorder and anxiety disorder in clinical students are higher than preclinical students (29% vs. 17% and 38% vs. 25%).Conclusions: Clinical students are more prone to get depressive disorder 1,99 times and anxiety disorder 1,84 times than preclinical students FKUAJ year 2015

Download Full-text

Cross-sectional study of internalised stigma and medication adherence in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

General Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/gpsych-2019-100180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. e100180

Author(s):

Eram Ansari ◽

Sudha Mishra ◽

Adarsh Tripathi ◽

Sujita Kumar Kar ◽

Pronob Kumar Dalal

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Current Medication

BackgroundPatients suffering from psychiatric disorders tend to stigmatise themselves which had been linked to poor adherence to treatment.AimsThe aim of the present study was to study internalised stigma and medication adherence and to assess the relationship between them in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 patients diagnosed with OCD who were attending the Out-patient's department at Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Internalised stigma and current medication adherence were assessed with Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI) and Medication Adherence Rating Scale, respectively. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used to assess the current severity of OCD symptoms. Sociodemographic and clinical details were also obtained from the patients by using a semistructured sociodemographic proforma.ResultsMost of the patients reported moderate level of internalised stigma with a mean ISMI score of 77.98 (10.82). Most of the patients were compliant while 41.96% reported poor medication adherence. Internalised stigma was negatively correlated with the current medication adherence. Current severity of OCD symptoms also showed a significant positive correlation with internalised stigma and a significant negative correlation with medication adherence.ConclusionHigh levels of internalised stigma were associated with lower adherence to treatment which suggests that internalised stigma may be a very important factor influencing medication adherence in patients with OCD.

Download Full-text

Association between homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study in China

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e023003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yang Chen ◽

Jie Li ◽

Tianyu Li ◽

Jianxiong Long ◽

Jinling Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Living Alone ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Two Parameters ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship

ObjectivesErectile dysfunction (ED) affects up to 53.4% of men aged 30–80 years. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between homocysteine (HCY), vitamin B12(B12), folic acid (FA) and ED.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGuangxi, China.ParticipantsA total of 1381 participants who completed questionnaires were included, between September 2009 and December 2009.MeasuresED was evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function scores. Also, the values of HCY, B12 and FA were acquired. Then, regression and between-group analyses were performed.ResultsNo association between FA and ED was found. Significant correlations between HCY and ED were found—the relationships between these two parameters were most notable in men aged over 60 years and in men living alone (bachelors or bachelorhood). B12 levels were higher in men with ED (718.53±234.37 pg/mL vs 688.74±229.68, p=0.015). Using multinomial logistic regression analyses, B12 levels were related to mild ED (multivariate adjusted analysis: OR 1.620, 95% CI 1.141 to 2.300, p=0.007), especially among men aged 40–49 years (OR 2.907, 95% CI 1.402 to 6.026, p=0.004).ConclusionsWe report, for the first time, a relationship between B12 levels and ED. We also found specific cohorts of men for whom the relationship between HCY levels and ED is most prominent. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these relationships—these may ultimately result in new therapies for ED.

Download Full-text