scholarly journals Twelve-Week Yoga vs. Aerobic Cycling Initiation in Sedentary Healthy Subjects: A Behavioral and Multiparametric Interventional PET/MR Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
June van Aalst ◽  
Lise Jennen ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere ◽  
Stefan Sunaert ◽  
Michel Koole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Volumetric Imaging ◽  
Psychometric Scales ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceived Cognitive Function

Interventional yoga studies with an active control group remain scarce and are important to clarify the underlying neurobiology. We conducted an interventional study in healthy controls using simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging and psychometric scales. Thirty healthy, female volunteers (28.4 ± 8.4 years) participated and were randomly assigned to a 12-week yoga or indoor cycling intervention. Before and after the intervention, [18F]FDG and [11C]UCB-J PET was performed on a simultaneous GE Signa PET/MR with volumetric imaging. Psychometric scales were evaluated on affect, mindfulness, stress, worrying, self-compassion, and interoceptive awareness. Yoga subjects scored higher on interoceptive awareness compared to baseline (p < 0.001). Cognitive (P = 0.009) and overall cognitive functioning (P = 0.01) improved after the yoga intervention compared to the cycling group. We did not observe significant differences in glucose metabolism, synaptic density, or gray matter (GM) volume. The indoor cycling group did not show changes in psychometric variables, but significant increases in relative glucose metabolism were observed in the parahippocampal/fusiform gyrus and cerebellum (P < 0.001). In conclusion, 12 weeks of yoga practice has significant effects on interoceptive awareness and perceived cognitive function in starters. Longer interventions and/or higher frequency of yoga practice may be needed to detect cerebral metabolic and/or morphologic effects on the macroscopic level.

PET - diagnostics of cognitive impairment in patients with parkinson’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A Lytaev ◽  
Daniil S Susin
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frontal Dysfunction ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Relationship Of

Traditionally, Parkinson’s disease is associated with a deficit of dopaminergic system, manifested in the extrapyramidal motor disorders. In addition, the disease is characterized by a wide variety of not movement disorders. For example, the spectrum of autonomic, mental, cognitive and sensory symptoms is presented. Cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson’s disease are among the most common disorders are not motor. The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the relationship of early cognitive impairment and rate of glucose metabolism in different parts of the brain in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose synthesis in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease was performed. Study group consisted of patients (31 persons, age 41-77 years). Patients have passed inpatient and/or outpatient treatment at the clinic of the Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The control group (15 persons) consisted of patients of similar age group without cognitive impairment. To estimate the rate of glucose metabolism was used an original technique of the Institute of Human Brain. Immediately prior to the intravenous administration of radiopharmaceutical [18F]-deoxyglucose was synthesized. Psychological testing consisted of a clinical interview, observation, survey, test, as described in a brief assessment of mental status (MMSE) and the battery frontal dysfunction (BFD). The study found that when the initial cognitive impairment observed pattern of changes in the rate of metabolism of glucose, characteristic of patients with severe cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. This fact leads to the assumption of a high validity of the test battery frontal dysfunction for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Marital Burnout and Self-Compassion in Unsupervised Women under the Cover of NGOs of Tehran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Amini ◽  
Reza Karami Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

 Introduction: Unsupervised Women always face very serious challenges in life. These problems can affect different aspects of their lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on self-compassion and marital boredom in Unsupervised Women. Methods: The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of Unsupervised Women under the Cover of NGOs of Tehran and the sample consisted of 30 women (15 individual in control and 15 individual in Experiment group) according to education level and age. The participants randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instrument were Penance Marital Burning Scale and Raes, Pommier, Neff, & Van Gucht self—compassion scale. After the pre-test, the experimental group received 8 sessions of ACT, while the control group received no intervention. At the end of intervention post-test was performed. The results were analyzed by ANCOVA at the level of 0.05 using SPSS 20 software. Results: Based on the results of the research, A significant difference was found between the two groups regarding their Marital Burning (P < 0.001, F=401.28) and increased self-compassion intervention (P < 0.001, F=457.52) before and after intervention. The effect size was 0.9 for Marital Burning and 0.3 for self-compassion. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, ACT can be used to decrease Marital Burning and increase self-compassion in unsupervised Women. ACT leads to psychological flexibility and commitment to perform actions that may lead to a fulfilling, rich and meaningful life, so it can be used as an effective intervention to decrease Marital Burning and increase self-compassion.

scholarly journals Brain Metabolism during Short-Term Starvation in Humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen G. Hasselbalch ◽  
Gitte M. Knudsen ◽  
Johannes Jakobsen ◽  
Lars Pinborg Hageman ◽  
Søren Holm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Net Uptake

During prolonged starvation, brain energy requirements are covered in part by the metabolism of ketone bodies. It is unknown whether short-term starvation of a few days' duration may lead to reduced brain glucose metabolism due to the change toward ketone body consumption. In the present study we measured the cerebral metabolism of glucose and ketone bodies in nine healthy volunteers before and after 3.5 days of starvation. Regional glucose metabolism was measured by dynamic positron emission tomography using [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. The mean value of K*1 in gray and white matter increased by 12% (p < 0.05), whereas k*2 and k*3 were unchanged compared with control values. Regional glucose metabolism in cortical gray matter was reduced by 26% from 0.294 ± 0.054 to 0.217 ± 0.040 μmol g−1 min−1 (p < 0.001). White matter glucose metabolism decreased by 27% (p < 0.02). The decrease was uniform in gray and white matter with regional decreases ranging from 24 to 30%. A determination using Fick's principle confirmed the reduction in glucose metabolism yielding a decrease of 24% from 0.307 ± 0.050 to 0.233 ± 0.073 μmol g−1 min−1 (p < 0.05), whereas CBF did not change (0.57 ± 0.07 vs. 0.57 ± 0.06 ml g−1 min−1). The global net uptake of β-hydroxybutyrate increased 13-fold from 0.012 ± 0.024 to 0.155 ± 0.140 μmol g−1 min−1 (p < 0.05). Net uptake of acetoacetate and net efflux of lactate and pyruvate did not change significantly during starvation. The present study shows that the human brain adapts to the changes in energy supply as early as 3 days following initiation of starvation, at which time ketone bodies account for approximately one-fourth of the cerebral energy requirements.

Imaging the Effects of Propofol on Human Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Using Positron Emission Tomography

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Sun ◽  
H Zhang ◽  
C Gao ◽  
G Zhang ◽  
L Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Scanning ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Brain

The effects of propofol on glucose metabolism in different cerebral regions were observed, using positron emission tomography (PET) technology, to determine a possible cerebral target region. Seven healthy volunteers were injected with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose developing agent for PET scanning whilst awake (control group T1), during sedation (induced by 1.5 μg/ml propofol administered by target controlled injection [TCI], group T2) and when unconsciousness (induced by 2.5 μg/ml propofol administered by TCI, group T3). Whole brain glucose metabolism was reduced during propofol anaesthesia; this was initially observed in the cortical areas at the lower dose of propofol (group T2) but extended to the subcortical regions, especially the thalamus and hippocampus, at the higher dose (group T3). This suggests that these regions of the brain might be important targets that are susceptible to propofol.

scholarly journals Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism is Normal in Young Adults with down Syndrome

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Schapiro ◽  
Cheryl L. Grady ◽  
Anand Kumar ◽  
Peter Herscovitch ◽  
James V. Haxby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Peabody Picture Vocabulary ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Darkened Room ◽  
Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Global Brain

Regional CMRglc (rCMRglc) values were measured with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET), using a Scanditronix PC-1024-7B scanner, in 14 healthy, noninstitutionalized subjects with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome; DS) (mean age 30.0 years, range 25–38 years) and in 13 sex-matched, healthy volunteers (mean age 29.5 years, range 22–38 years). In the DS group, mean mental age on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was 7.8 years and dementia was not present. Resting rCMRglc was determined with eyes covered and ears occluded in a quiet, darkened room. Global gray CMRglc equaled 8.76 ± 0.76 mg/100 g/min (mean ± SD) in the DS group as compared with 8.74 ± 1.19 mg/100 g/min in the control group (p > 0.05). Gray matter regional measurements also did not differ between groups. The ratio of rCMRglc to global CMRglc, calculated to reduce the variance associated with absolute rCMRglc, and right/left ratios did not show any consistent differences. These results show that healthy young DS adults do not have alterations in regional or global brain glucose metabolism, as measured with 18FDG and PET, prior to an age at which the neuropathological changes in Alzheimer disease are reported to occur.

scholarly journals miR-375 and miR-30d in the Effect of Chromium-Containing Chinese Medicine Moderating Glucose Metabolism

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xinhua Xiao ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Before And After

In China, TianMai Xiaoke tablet (TM) is used to treat type 2 diabetes. However, the exact mechanism of TM is not clear. This study is to investigate the effect of TM on glucose metabolism in diabetic rats and to identify whether TM takes a direct action through microRNAs on islet. Rats were divided into control group, diabetic group, low dose of TM group (TML), and high dose of TM group (TMH). Pancreas samples were analyzed using microRNA array and Q-PCR. Eight-week treatment with TM significantly decreased fasting blood glucose. The blood glucose was significantly reduced in TM-treated groups before and after oral glucose administration. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were suppressed in TM-treated groups. miR-448, let-7b, miR-540, miR-296, miR-880, miR-200a, miR-500, miR-10b, miR-336, miR-30d, miR-208, let-7e, miR-142-5p, miR-874, miR-375, miR-879, miR-501, and miR-188 were upregulated, while miR-301b, miR-134, and miR-652 were downregulated in TMH group. Through target gene analysis and real-time PCR verification, we found that these miRNAs, especially miR-375 and miR-30d, can stimulate insulin secretion in islet. Our data suggest that TM can improve blood glucose in diabetic rats which involved increasing the expression of miR-375 and miR-30d to activate insulin synthesis in islet.

scholarly journals The Interpersonal Mindfulness Program for Health Care Professionals: a Feasibility Study

Mindfulness ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2629-2638
Author(s):  
Agna A. Bartels-Velthuis ◽  
Erik van den Brink ◽  
Frits Koster ◽  
H. J. Rogier Hoenders
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Interpersonal Mindfulness ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objectives There are a number of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) that have demonstrated effectiveness for patients and health care professionals. The Interpersonal Mindfulness Program (IMP) is a relatively new MBP, developed to teach those with prior mindfulness training to deepen their mindful presence, empathy and compassion in the interpersonal domain. The aim of the present study was to examine the feasibility of using the IMP with mental health care workers and assessing its effects on levels of mindfulness, self-compassion, empathy, stress and professional quality of life when compared with the control group participants. Methods The IMP training consisted of nine weekly 2.5-h sessions and daily home practice (45–60 min). Twenty-five participants (mean age, 51.4 years) with mindfulness experience participated in the training. Twenty-two individuals in the control group (mean age, 47.5 years) were recruited from those who had followed a mindfulness training before. Feasibility of the IMP was assessed in the training participants in six domains. All study participants completed self-report questionnaires before and after the training. Results The IMP training was considered highly acceptable and very useful. The training had a significant positive effect on self-compassion, empathy and compassion fatigue, but no effect on mindfulness, stress and compassion satisfaction. Five participants reported some mild adverse reactions. Conclusions The IMP training appears feasible for health care professionals and seems to induce some positive effects. A few mild adverse effects were reported. Further research on the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of change of the IMP training in larger samples is needed.

scholarly journals Effect of Propentofylline on Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Acute Ischemic Stroke

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Huber ◽  
B. Kittner ◽  
C. Hojer ◽  
G. R. Fink ◽  
M. Neveling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism

In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in 30 patients with acute ischemic stroke, the effect of the adenosine uptake blocker propentofylline on regional brain glucose metabolism (rCMRglu) was investigated using repeated positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG). Treatment was initiated within 48 h after onset of symptoms. The clinical course was followed for 3 months. In the propentofylline group, after 14 days rCMRglu was increased in the infarct by 37.3% and was practically unchanged in other brain regions, whereas in the control group glucose metabolism had decreased in all regions (1.4–13.4%). These differences were significant between the two groups [Analysis of variance (ANOVA) p = 0.005]. Although there was a trend toward greater clinical improvement in the propentofylline-treated patients, this did not reach statistical significance. The results correspond to experimental data showing that propentofylline improves energy metabolism in cerebral ischemia. A clinical trial is needed to determine whether this new therapeutic principle can be successfully used in acute human stroke.

scholarly journals The effect of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on the pathology of Alzheimer's disease: A positron emission tomography study in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyung Park ◽  
Jeong-Ho Hong ◽  
Sang-Woo Lee ◽  
Hyun Dong Ji ◽  
Jung-Ah Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Positron Emission

Abstract Cerebrovascular disease is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although acute cerebral hypoperfusion causes neuronal necrosis and infarction, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces apoptosis in neurons, but its effects on the cognitive impairment are not clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on AD pathology and cerebral glucose metabolism. A model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was established by ligating the common carotid arteries bilaterally in adult male rats (CAL group). Sham-operated rats underwent the same procedures without artery ligation (control group). At 12 weeks after ligation, expression levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), as well as the regional cerebral glucose metabolism, were evaluated using Western blots and positron emission tomography with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose, respectively. The expression levels of Aβ in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and of p-tau in the temporal cortex were significantly higher in the CAL group than those in the control group. The cerebral glucose metabolism of the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and hippocampus was significantly decreased in the CAL group compared to that in the control. These results suggest that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can induce AD pathology and may play a significant role in AD development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document