Comparing the Self-Reported Personality Disorder Traits and Childhood Traumatic Experiences Between Patients With Schizophrenia Vs. Major Depressive Disorder

Introduction: Personality disorder (PD) and childhood traumatic experience (CTE) are well- recognized risk factors for the development of schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The relationship between CTE and PD is extremely close, and both conditions can affect subsequent psychiatric disorders. Little is known about the differences of these factors in patients with SZ and those with MDD.Materials and Methods: A total of 1,026 outpatients participated in the study, including 533 (51.9%) with SZ and 493 (48.1%) with MDD who were sequentially sampled. The PD traits were assessed using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire Fourth Edition Plus (PDQ-4+). The Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF) was used to assess childhood adversities. The scores and associations of PDQ-4+ and CTQ-SF between patients with SZ and those with MDD were compared.Results: The MDD group exhibited more PD traits and more childhood emotional neglect than the SZ group. In patients with MDD, the correlation between PD traits and CTE was significantly higher than that in patients with SZ. Patients with SZ vs. those with MDD showed different PD traits and CTE. The schizotypal and antisocial PD traits, as well as sexual abuse and physical neglect CTE, were significantly related to SZ. In contrast, the borderline, narcissistic and avoidant PD traits, and emotional abuse/neglect CTE were significantly associated with MDD.Discussion: These findings indicated a robust relationship between CTE and PD traits. Moreover, patients with SZ or MDD, have different interactive patterns. Both CTE and PD traits have the potential to be premorbid risk factors that could be targeted for preventative interventions.

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Childhood Emotional Neglect Is Associated With Low Social Support in Chinese Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.781738 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xuemei Qin ◽

Mi Wang ◽

Xiaowen Lu ◽

Jinrong Sun ◽

Qiangli Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Regression Models ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Short Form ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Emotional Neglect ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Physical Neglect

Background: Previous studies have shown that childhood maltreatment (CM) is closely associated with social support in the general population. However, little is known about the associations of different types of CM with social support in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which was the goal of the current study.Methods: One hundred and sixty-six patients with moderate-to-severe MDD were enrolled. Participants were assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression, and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Correlation analysis and Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis were adopted to investigate associations of types of CM with social support.Results: (1) Physical neglect (PN) and emotional neglect (EN) were the most commonly reported types of CM in patients with MDD. (2) EN was the only type of CM significant in the regression models of the SSRS total score, the score of subjective support, and the score of utilization of support.Limitations: The data of CM was collected retrospectively and recall bias may be introduced. Assessment of CM and social support were self-reported and could be influenced by the depression status.Conclusion: In Chinese patients with MDD, PN and EN are the most prevalent types of CM. EN is the only type of CM associated with low social support in regression models, calling for special attention in the assessment and intervention of EN.

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Impacts on Quality of Life with Escitalopram Monotherapy and Aripiprazole Augmentation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A CAN-BIND Report

Pharmacopsychiatry ◽

10.1055/a-1385-0263 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emma Morton ◽

Venkat Bhat ◽

Peter Giacobbe ◽

Wendy Lou ◽

Erin E. Michalak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Short Form ◽

Treatment Phase ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Symptomatic Remission ◽

Substantial Degree

Abstract Introduction Many individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to initial antidepressant monotherapy. Adjunctive aripiprazole is recommended for treatment non-response; however, the impacts on quality of life (QoL) for individuals who receive this second-line treatment strategy have not been described. Methods We evaluated secondary QoL outcomes in patients with MDD (n=179). After 8 weeks of escitalopram, non-responders (<50% decrease in clinician-rated depression) were treated with adjunctive aripiprazole for 8 weeks (n=97); responders continued escitalopram (n=82). A repeated-measures ANOVA evaluated change in Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Short Form scores. QoL was described relative to normative benchmarks. Results Escitalopram responders experienced the most QoL improvements in the first treatment phase. For non-responders, QoL improved with a large effect during adjunctive aripiprazole treatment. At the endpoint, 47% of patients achieving symptomatic remission still had impaired QoL. Discussion Individuals who were treated with adjunctive aripiprazole after non-response to escitalopram experienced improved QoL, but a substantial degree of QoL impairment persisted. Since QoL deficits may predict MDD recurrence, attention to ways to support this outcome is required.

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Classical Risk Factors and Inflammatory Biomarkers: One of the Missing Biological Links between Cardiovascular Disease and Major Depressive Disorder

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19061740 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1740 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Thomas Baghai ◽

Gabriella Varallo-Bedarida ◽

Christoph Born ◽

Sibylle Häfner ◽

Cornelius Schüle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Major Depressive

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Risk factors for dementia are not associated with cognitive dysfunction in young people with major depressive disorder

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 140-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Markus Donix ◽

Robert Haussmann ◽

Franziska Helling ◽

Anne Zweiniger ◽

Annett Werner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Young People ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Major Depressive

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An Underlying Common Factor, Influenced by Genetics and Unique Environment, Explains the Covariation Between Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Burnout: A Swedish Twin Study

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2016.73 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 619-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lisa Mather ◽

Victoria Blom ◽

Gunnar Bergström ◽

Pia Svedberg

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Common Factor ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Common Pathway

Depression and anxiety are highly comorbid due to shared genetic risk factors, but less is known about whether burnout shares these risk factors. We aimed to examine whether the covariation between major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and burnout is explained by common genetic and/or environmental factors. This cross-sectional study included 25,378 Swedish twins responding to a survey in 2005–2006. Structural equation models were used to analyze whether the trait variances and covariances were due to additive genetics, non-additive genetics, shared environment, and unique environment. Univariate analyses tested sex limitation models and multivariate analysis tested Cholesky, independent pathway, and common pathway models. The phenotypic correlations were 0.71 (0.69–0.74) between MDD and GAD, 0.58 (0.56–0.60) between MDD and burnout, and 0.53 (0.50–0.56) between GAD and burnout. Heritabilities were 45% for MDD, 49% for GAD, and 38% for burnout; no statistically significant sex differences were found. A common pathway model was chosen as the final model. The common factor was influenced by genetics (58%) and unique environment (42%), and explained 77% of the variation in MDD, 69% in GAD, and 44% in burnout. GAD and burnout had additive genetic factors unique to the phenotypes (11% each), while MDD did not. Unique environment explained 23% of the variability in MDD, 20% in GAD, and 45% in burnout. In conclusion, the covariation was explained by an underlying common factor, largely influenced by genetics. Burnout was to a large degree influenced by unique environmental factors not shared with MDD and GAD.

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