scholarly journals Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangxi Xu ◽  
Eman Aboseria ◽  
Malvin N. Janal ◽  
Smruti Pushalkar ◽  
Maria V. Bederoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Bleeding On Probing ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Tobacco use is one of the main causes of periodontitis. E-cigarette are gaining in popularity, and studies are needed to better understand the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health.Objective: To perform a longitudinal study to evaluate the adverse effects of e-cigarettes on periodontal health.Methods: Naïve E-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers were recruited using newspaper and social media. Age, gender, and ethnicity, were recorded. Participants were scheduled for two visits 6 months apart. At each visit, we collected data on the frequency and magnitude of e-cigarette and cigarette use, and alcohol consumption. Carbon monoxide (CO) levels, cotinine levels, salivary flow rate, periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were also determined at both baseline and follow-up visits and compared between groups with two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Periodontal diagnosis and other categorical variables were compared between groups with the chi-square statistic and logistic regression.Results: We screened 159 subjects and recruited 119 subjects. One-hundred-one subjects (31 cigarette smokers, 32 e-cigarette smokers, and 38 non-smokers) completed every assessment in both visits. The retention and compliance rate of subjects was 84.9%. The use of social media and craigslist was significant in recruiting e-cigarette subjects. Ethnicity and race differed between groups, as did average age in the male subjects. Carbon monoxide and salivary cotinine levels were highest among cigarette smokers. Bleeding on probing and average PDs similarly increased over time in all three groups, but CAL uniquely increased in e-cigarette smokers. Rates of severe periodontal disease were higher in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users than non-smokers, but interpretation is confounded by the older age of the cigarette smokers.Conclusion: Among the recruited participants, CAL after 6 months was significantly worse only in the e-cigarette smokers. This study design and protocol will assist in future larger studies on e-cigarette and oral health.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of E-cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangxi Xu ◽  
Eman Aboseria ◽  
Malvin N Janal ◽  
Smruti Pushalkar ◽  
Maria V Bederoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Bleeding On Probing ◽  
Salivary Cotinine ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionTobacco use is one of the main causes of periodontitis. E-cigarettes are gaining in popularity, and studies are needed to better understand the impact of e-cigarettes on oral health. Objective: To perform a longitudinal study to evaluate the adverse effects of e-cigarettes on periodontal health.MethodsNaïve e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and non-smokers were recruited using newspaper and social media. Demographics, age, gender, and ethnicity, were recorded. Participants were scheduled for two visits 6 months apart. At each visit, we collected data on the daily frequency puffs of an e-cigarette, the number of cigarettes smokes, and other parameters, such as alcohol consumption. Carbon monoxide levels, cotinine levels, salivary flow rate, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were determined at both baseline and follow-up visits. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsWe screened 159 subjects and recruited 140 subjects. One-hundred-one subjects (31 cigarette smokers, 32 e-cigarette smokers, and 38 non-smokers) completed every assessment in both visits. The retention and compliance rate of subjects was 84.1%. The use of social media and craigslist was significant in recruiting e-cigarette subjects. Ethnicity and race differed between cohorts, as did average age in the male subjects. Carbon monoxide and salivary cotinine levels were highest among cigarette smokers. Bleeding on probing and average probing depths similarly increased over time in all three cohorts. Increase in the rates of severe periodontal disease were significantly higher in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users than non-smokers. Confounding factors were subjects’ age as most of the e-cigarette group were much younger than cigarette smokers.ConclusionAmong the recruited participants, periodontal severity status after 6 month was significantly worse in cigarette smokers and e-cigarette smokers than non-smokers. This study design and protocol will assist in future larger studies on e-cigarette and oral health.

The Compliance of Prescribed Activity Restriction in Women at High Risk for Preterm Birth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghamar Bitar ◽  
Anthony Sciscione
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
The Impact

Objective Despite lack of evidence to support efficacy, activity restriction is one of the most commonly prescribed interventions used for the prevention of preterm birth. We have a departmental policy against the use of activity restriction but many practitioners still prescribe it in an effort to prevent preterm birth. We sought to evaluate the rate and compliance of women who are prescribed activity restriction during pregnancy to prevent preterm birth. Study Design This was a single-site retrospective questionnaire study at a tertiary care, academic affiliated medical center. Women with a history of preterm delivery or short cervix were included. Once patients were identified, each patient was contacted and administered a questionnaire. We assessed the rates of activity restriction prescription and compliance. Secondary outcomes included details regarding activity restriction and treatment in pregnancy. Continuous variables were compared with t-test and categorical variables with Chi-square test. The value p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Among the 52 women who responded to the questionnaire, 18 reported being placed on activity restriction by a physician, with 1 self-prescribing activity restriction, giving a rate of our primary outcome of 19 of 52 (36.5%). All women reported compliance with prescribed activity restriction (100%). Gestational age at delivery was not different in women placed on activity restriction. Conclusion This questionnaire suggests that approximately one in three high-risk women were placed on activity restriction during their pregnancy despite a departmental policy against its use. The 100% compliance rate in patients placed on activity restriction is a strong reminder of the impact prescribing patterns of physicians can have on patients. Key Points

scholarly journals A krónikus parodontitis, illetve szájnyálkahártya-laesiók előfordulása és súlyossága krónikus obstruktív tüdőbetegségben

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (21) ◽  
pp. 831-836
Author(s):  
Ágnes Bán ◽  
Zsolt Ferenc Németh ◽  
Adrienn Szauter ◽  
Szilvia Soós ◽  
Márta Balaskó
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Bleeding On Probing

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic parodontitis is a prevalent oral disease that may lead to the loss of teeth independently of caries. Some systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure) may aggravate chronic parodontitis. On the other hand, this oral disease may aggravate other systemic diseases. Earlier studies suggested a correlation between chronic parodontitis and very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: The aim of our study was the investigation of the correlation between chronic parodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method: We have recruited patients of the Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, in the study. Volunteers were assigned into a COPD (n = 29) and control group (n = 45). Airflow limitation of the COPD group (FEV1/FVC: 61.52 ± 3.2%) corresponded to GOLD 2 (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease; FEV1: 52.66 ± 3.57%). Oral health assessment included mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, decayed/filled and missing teeth, Löe–Silness, oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes. One-way ANOVA and non-parametric Mann–Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Oral health of the COPD group was worse than that of the controls. In this group the mean and maximal clinical attachment loss, mobility of teeth, the Löe–Silness, the oral hygiene and bleeding on probing indexes were higher. Conclusions: Our results confirm the positive correlation between chronic parodontitis and a moderate level of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, it is not clear whether the COPD-associated systemic inflammation aggravated the oral status or the chronic parodontitis influenced negatively chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(21): 831–836.

scholarly journals Comparing football bettors' response to social media marketing differing in bet complexity and account type – An experimental study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Houghton ◽  
Mark Moss
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Gambling Operators ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground and aimsThe current study aimed to assess how sports bettors respond to advertised bets on social media and whether this differs dependent upon bet complexity and social media account type.MethodsEmploying a 3 × 2 repeated measures design, 145 regular football bettors were recruited to take part in an online study requiring them to rate bets advertised upon social media, providing indications of their likelihood to bet, confidence in the bet and how much they would stake on the bet. Advertised bets differed in terms of complexity (low, medium and high) and each bet was presented separately on both an operator account and an affiliate account.ResultsData analysis highlighted a significant interaction between bet complexity and account type, with bettors rating themselves as being more likely to bet and more confident in bets which were presented on an affiliate account for medium complexity bets but not for low or high complexity bets.Discussion and conclusionsThis study provides initial evidence that affiliate marketing of sports betting increases bettor's confidence in certain types of bets. This heightens previously addressed concerns around affiliate marketing, given that affiliates are financially incentivised to attract custom toward gambling operators. Future research should explore risk factors for increased uptake of affiliate marketing, and the impact on gambling behaviour.

scholarly journals Impact of a randomized school-based intervention program on blood pressure levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-974
Author(s):  
Raiani Spalenza Matos ◽  
Jordana Herzog Siqueira ◽  
Diana Barbosa Cunha ◽  
Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the impact of a health program performed in a school setting on the blood pressure levels of schoolchildren in the public school system in Vitória/ES-Brazil. Methods: a randomized community trial was performed with 237 schoolchildren (6 to 12 years) from two public schools, randomly defined as the intervention and control school. Participants of the intervention group attended 11 education sessions over 4 months (July to October 2014). To test for differences between groups, the chi-square (categorical variables), and the paired t test or Wilcoxon (continuous variables) was used. The rate of variation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) throughout the follow-up, according to allocation group, was evaluated using linear generalized models for time-repeated measures. Results: there was a reduction in the means of SBP (0.5 mmHg) and DBP (0.6 mmHg) in the intervention group and an increase in the control group, with a significant difference in the BP variation between groups over the follow-up period (p<0.05). Conclusion: a low-cost and easily implemented intervention may be one of the factors associated with the lowest blood pressure levels in the group studied, and reproduction in a school environment is feasible.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Tobacco Parity and Harm Reduction Tax Proposals Using the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7835
Author(s):  
Roberta Freitas-Lemos ◽  
Diana R. Keith ◽  
Allison N. Tegge ◽  
Jeffrey S. Stein ◽  
K. Michael Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Product Risk ◽  
Tobacco Taxation ◽  
The Impact

Taxes are a demonstrably effective method to suppress tobacco use. This study examined the effects of the tobacco parity (i.e., imposing taxes equally on all tobacco products) and the harm reduction (i.e., applying taxes in proportion to the products’ levels of harm) tax proposals on demand and substitution across products. A crowdsourced sample of cigarette smokers (n = 35) completed purchasing trials with increasing tax magnitudes across different tax tiers in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace in a repeated-measures design. Products were placed in three tax tiers (high, medium, and no tax) according to each proposal’s goal. The results indicated that total nicotine (mg) purchased was not significantly different between the proposals, with higher taxes yielding lower demand. However, as taxes increased, the tobacco parity proposal decreased the purchasing of all tobacco products and increased the purchasing of medicinal nicotine (i.e., the no tax tier). Conversely, the harm reduction proposal resulted in greater purchases of electronic nicotine delivery systems and smokeless tobacco (i.e., the medium tax tier). These findings support tobacco taxation as a robust tool for suppressing purchasing and suggest that differential taxation in proportion to product risk would be an effective way to incentivize smokers to switch from smoked to unsmoked products. Further studies should investigate the unintended consequences of their implementation.

The Impact of Social Media on Work

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Landers ◽  
Gordon B. Schmidt ◽  
Jeffrey M. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Impact

#INCLUSION – THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION ON THE LEGITIMACY OF ARMED FORCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
EVA MOEHLECKE DE BASEGGIO ◽  
OLIVIA SCHNEIDER ◽  
TIBOR SZVIRCSEV TRESCH
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Legitimation ◽  
Social Media Communication ◽  
The Impact

The Swiss Armed Forces (SAF), as part of a democratic system, depends on legitimacy. Democracy, legitimacy and the public are closely connected. In the public sphere the SAF need to be visible; it is where they are controlled and legitimated by the citizens, as part of a deliberative discussion in which political decisions are communicatively negotiated. Considering this, the meaning of political communication, including the SAF’s communication, becomes obvious as it forms the most important basis for political legitimation processes. Social media provide a new way for the SAF to communicate and interact directly with the population. The SAF’s social media communication potentially brings it closer to the people and engages them in a dialogue. The SAF can become more transparent and social media communication may increase its reputation and legitimacy. To measure the effects of social media communication, a survey of the Swiss internet population was conducted. Based on this data, a structural equation model was defined, the effects of which substantiate the assumption that the SAF benefits from being on social media in terms of broadening its reach and increasing legitimacy values.

The impact of self-reported oral health on the quality of life of teenage students with or without orthodontic treatment from North-East of Romania

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGETA ZEGAN ◽  
◽  
CRISTINA GENA DASCĂLU ◽  
RADU EDUARD CERNEI ◽  
RADU BOGDAN MAVRU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
North East ◽  
The Impact
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