scholarly journals Distributed Ledger Enabled Control of Tyre Induced Particulate Matter in Smart Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Katsikouli ◽  
Pietro Ferraro ◽  
Hugo Richardson ◽  
Hanson Cheng ◽  
Siobhan Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Distributed Ledger

scholarly journals A Data Verification System for CCTV Surveillance Cameras Using Blockchain Technology in Smart Cities

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Khan ◽  
Yung-Cheol Byun ◽  
Namje Park
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Sensors ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Television Camera ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Surveillance Cameras ◽  
Cctv Surveillance

The video created by a surveillance cameras plays a crucial role in crime prevention and examinations in smart cities. The closed-circuit television camera (CCTV) is essential for a range of public uses in a smart city; combined with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies they can turn into smart sensors that help to ensure safety and security. However, the authenticity of the camera itself raises issues of building up integrity and suitability of data. In this paper, we present a blockchain-based system to guarantee the trustworthiness of the stored recordings, allowing authorities to validate whether or not a video has been altered. It helps to discriminate fake videos from original ones and to make sure that surveillance cameras are authentic. Since the distributed ledger of the blockchain records the metadata of the CCTV video as well, it is obstructing the chance of forgery of the data. This immutable ledger diminishes the risk of copyright encroachment for law enforcement agencies and clients users by securing possession and identity.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variations in Atmospheric Ventilation Index Coupled with Particulate Matter Concentration in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8954
Author(s):  
Seoyeon Lee ◽  
Seung-Jae Lee ◽  
Jung-Hyuk Kang ◽  
Eun-Suk Jang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Aid Decision ◽  
First Time ◽  
Matter Concentration

The spatiotemporal variations in the atmospheric ventilation index (AVI) with the particulate matter (PM) concentrations in South Korea were investigated using a regional grid model derived from the National Center for AgroMeteorology and PM10 concentration data obtained from AirKorea and the Korea Meteorological Administration. To construct a high-resolution AVI database with 1 h time intervals and a spatial resolution of approximately 2.4 km, a medium-range prediction was performed using a regional model twice a week from December 2018 to November 2019. The resultant dataset was used to explore the seasonal patterns of the areal distribution of a novel index: Ventilation Index coupled with PM (VIP), defined by the ratio of the AVI to PM. To determine the effects of geography on the VIP, diurnal variations of the VIP were examined at three major cities in South Korea. The emphasis of the investigation was on major cities that are planned to be developed into smart cities. This study reveals the specific spatiotemporal structure of the AVI in South Korea for the first time at a high resolution and introduced the potential usefulness of the VIP. The results provide insights that could aid decision making for determining favorable locations for clean or polluted cities on an annual basis and can enable the sustainable management of fine PM in and around the areas of interest.

scholarly journals A Novel Combination of Distributed Ledger Technologies on Internet of Things: Use Case on Precision Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Odysseas Lamtzidis ◽  
Dennis Pettas ◽  
John Gialelis
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Intelligent Decision Making ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Super Node ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Open Source Communities

Internet-of-Things (IoT) is an enabling technology for numerous initiatives worldwide such as manufacturing, smart cities, precision agriculture, and eHealth. The massive field data aggregation of distributed administered IoT devices allows new insights and actionable information for dynamic intelligent decision-making. In such distributed environments, data integrity, referring to reliability and consistency, is deemed insufficient and requires immediate facilitation. In this article, we introduce a distributed ledger (DLT)-based system for ensuring IoT data integrity which securely processes the aggregated field data. Its uniqueness lies in the embedded use of IOTA’s ledger, called “The Tangle”, used to transmit and store the data. Our approach shifts from a cloud-centric IoT system, where the Super nodes simply aggregate and push data to the cloud, to a node-centric system, where each Super node owns the data pushed in a distributed and decentralized database (i.e., the Tangle). The backend serves as a consumer of data and a provider of additional resources, such as administration panel, analytics, data marketplace, etc. The proposed implementation is highly modularand constitutes a significant contribution to the Open Source communities, regarding blockchain and IoT.

Transforming Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1085-1097
Author(s):  
Jane Thomason ◽  
Sonja Bernhardt ◽  
Tia Kansara ◽  
Nichola Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Urban Pollution ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Urban Density ◽  
Web 3.0 ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Distributed Ledger

Chapter 5 explores the use of distributed ledger technologies in cities to help improve citizen-centric services: land registries, health care, welfare payments, identity, supply chains, and voting. McKinsey analysts predict that by 2020 the number of smart cities will reach 600 worldwide, and 5 years later almost 60% of the world's GDP will be produced in them. Digital technologies could become an engine of economic progress, and Blockchain could be one of those technologies. This connectivity, however, comes at a cost. How will cybersecurity evolve with Web 3.0 and 4.0 technologies to protect cities from cyber-attacks? This chapter introduces how Blockchains may be used to resolve a range of city-based challenges arising from broader global concerns like national population increases, urban density, anthropomorphic climate change, urban pollution and mobility, local and national citizen services, and infrastructure.

Use of blockchain in designing smart city

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Dewan ◽  
Latika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range

PurposeA blockchain is a shared distributed ledger technology that stores the information of every transaction in the network. The blockchain has emerged with a huge diversity of applications not only in the economic but in the non-economical domain as well. Blockchain technology promises to provide a wide range of solutions to the problems faced during implementation of smart cities. It has the potential to build smart contracts more secure, thus eliminating the need for centralized authority.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a proof-of-concept for a use case that uses an Ethereum platform to build a blockchain network to buy, sell or rent a property.FindingsThe findings of this study provide an opportunity to create novel decentralized scalable solutions to develop smart cities by enabling paperless transactions. There are enormous opportunities in this distributed ledger technology which will bring a revolutionary change in upcoming years.Originality/valueThe concept of blockchain along with smart contracts can be used as a promising technology for sharing services which is a common requirement in smart cities. All the blockchain transactions are stored in decentralized shared database. The transaction recorded in decentralized system is immutable, it cannot be altered and hence chance of forgery is negligible.

scholarly journals Conceptual Technological Framework for Smart Cities to Move towards Decentralized and User-Centric Architectures Using DLT

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 728-745
Author(s):  
Victor Garcia-Font
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Trust Models ◽  
User Centric ◽  
Integrate Data

Nowadays, many urban areas are developing projects that are included within the area of smart cities. These systems tend to be highly heterogeneous and involve a large number of different technologies and participants. In general, cities deploy systems to integrate data and to provide protocols to ease interconnectivity between different subsystems. However, this is not enough to build a completely interoperable smart city, where control fully belongs to city administrators and citizens. Currently, in most cases, subsystems tend to be deployed and operated by providers creating silos. Furthermore, citizens, who should be the center of these systems, are often relegated to being just another participant. In this article, we study how smart cities can move towards decentralized and user-centric systems relying on distributed ledger technologies (DLT). For this, we define a conceptual framework that describes the interaction between smart city components, their participants, and the DLT ecosystem. We analyze the trust models that are created between the participants in the most relevant use cases, and we study the suitability of the different DLT types.

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