scholarly journals Field (In)dependence Flexibility Following a Virtual Immersion Is Associated With Cybersickness and Sense of Presence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maneuvrier ◽  
L. M. Decker ◽  
P. Renaud ◽  
G. Ceyte ◽  
H. Ceyte
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Field dependence–independence (FDI) is a psychological construct determining an individual’s approach of the perception–cognition coupling. In virtual reality (VR) context, several studies suggest that an individual’s perceptive style is susceptible to shift toward a more FI mode through down-weighting of conflicting visual cues. The present study proposes to investigate the potential flexible nature of FDI following a virtual immersion and to assess if this flexibility might be associated with the subjective experience of VR. 86 participants explored a real-world–like virtual environment for approximately 10 min. FDI levels were measured before and after the VR exposure using the rod-and-frame test. Their subjective experience of VR was measured a posteriori (cybersickness and sense of presence) and used in order to build two experimental groups via a cluster analysis. The results showed that only participants with a poor subjective experience of VR (i.e., a low level of sense of presence associated with a high level of cybersickness) significantly shifted to a more FI mode, which is discussed as a sensory re-weighting mechanism. Pragmatical applications are discussed, and future studies are outlined, based on the conclusion that FDI might be more flexible than we thought, which could shed light on the psychophysiology of VR.

How does interactivity of online media hamper ad effectiveness

2019 ◽  
pp. 147078531986764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordy Pleyers ◽  
Nicolas Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
News Website ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

The development of the Internet has increasingly led to advertisements presented on rich and interactive websites offering users a high level of control over the contents they are exposed to—sometimes to the extent of allowing them to skip “unwanted” ads preceding the desired content. While previous studies have shown that such interactivity and control can positively impact users’ subjective experience and attitude toward the advertisements, the present study examined their impact on users’ attention to the ad (using eye-tracking) and actual ad effectiveness (ad memory). It relied on an experimental design allowing for comparing the effectiveness of similar ads that were presented by realistic interfaces simulating common types of online media (in addition to “traditional television” as a form of passive baseline comparison condition). The interfaces consisted of a news website (including many stimuli surrounding the ads and an “ad countdown timer,” that might detract users’ attention from the ads) and YouTube (also including the “skip ad” option). Ad memory correlated positively (negatively) with gaze direction to the ad area (outside the ad area) and was particularly low when users had the opportunity to stop the ad after a few seconds. These results emphasize the scale of ad effectiveness decrease that may occur when the media interfaces offer users easy ways of avoiding video ads by gazing toward surrounding stimuli and by skipping the ads. The implications of these findings for advertisers are addressed, and it is suggested that future studies on the topic should include other measures of ad effectiveness and other distracting factors that might further detract users from online ad video content in real-life contexts.

Effects of Field-Dependency on Weight Comparisons

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Blasi ◽  
Henry A. Cross ◽  
John A. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Dependency ◽  
Contextual Influence ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Comparison Weight ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

20 field-independent and 20 field-dependent Ss were selected on the basis of performance on the Rod-and-frame Test and were asked to estimate a comparison weight in the context of two different original weights. Visual cues were controlled. 10 Ss in each group estimated a heavier weight which was paired on 2 consecutive trials with 1 of 2 lighter weights and the remaining Ss estimated a lighter weight in the context of two heavier weights. The difference in estimates of the same comparison weights served as an indication of contextual influence. The field-dependent Ss, estimating lighter weights, were influenced by context to a significantly greater extent than the other groups. The field-dependency dimension may affect performance on a variety of different perceptual tasks.

Additivity of Cues in Perception of Verticality

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1327-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Shinar
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Perception Of Verticality ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Visual cues affecting perception of verticality in different situations were combined within a single percept and shown to be additive. When the independent effects of the Zöllner illusion cues and the rod-and-frame test cues affected the perception of verticality in the same direction, the total illusion was enhanced; when these cues counteracted each other, the illusion was attenuated by an equal magnitude.

Effects of Brief Sensory Deprivation and Somatic Concentration on Two Measures of Field Dependence

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Kurie ◽  
Arnold M. Mordkoff
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Concentration Condition ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

An experiment was performed to substantiate the indirect evidence that brief sensory deprivation (SD) has different effects on two measures of field dependence, the rod-and-frame test (RFT) and the embedded-figures test (EFT) and specifically to investigate whether it is the increased awareness of somatic activity which is involved in the more veridical RFT performance while having no effect on EFT. The RFT and EFT were administered to three groups of Ss before and after one group had been submitted to 1 hr. of SD, a second group to 1 hr. of somatic concentration, and a third to a control period. The results supported the above hypothesis in that the greatest changes in RFT performance occurred in the somatic concentration condition which were significantly greater than those obtained in the SD condition, these in turn were significantly greater than those occurring in the control condition. No significant effects were obtained with respect to the EFT.

Subjective factors affecting gun shooting accuracy among employees of internal affairs agencies in process of learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Anton Rozhkov ◽  
Anton Popov ◽  
Vitaliy Balahonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
In Fire

The article is devoted to the study of subjective factors affecting shooting accuracy of law enforcement officers. The empirical study identified some subjective factors reducing gun shooting accuracy and effectiveness among law enforcers. These characteristics include sensorimotor coordination and subjective experience of stress during the shooting process. Scientific analysis made it possible to determine statistical significance of the influence of these factors on the accuracy of shooting. To increase the effectiveness of shooting among officers with a low index of sensorimotor coordination, the authors suggest using exercises aimed at cultivating sensorimotor coordination in fire training classes. While working with employees being under a high level of subjectively experienced stress, more attention should be paid to training techniques to overcome stress and form intelligent behavior in extreme situations. The authors also draw readers’ attention to factors increasing the effectiveness of shooting: officers’ ability to determine the subjective level of stress, their knowledge of emotional self-regulation techniques, knowledge of the sequence of their actions in the firing line.

scholarly journals Benefit of a pharmacist-led intervention for medication management of renal transplant patients: a controlled before-and-after study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232110052
Author(s):  
Jeremy Chambord ◽  
Lionel Couzi ◽  
Pierre Merville ◽  
Karine Moreau ◽  
Fabien Xuereb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patient Knowledge ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

Aims: To assess the effect of a pharmacist-led intervention, using Barrows cards method, during the first year after renal transplantation, on patient knowledge about their treatment, medication adherence and exposure to treatment in a French cohort. Methods: We conducted a before-and-after comparative study between two groups of patients: those who benefited from a complementary pharmacist-led intervention [intervention group (IG), n = 44] versus those who did not [control group (CG), n = 48]. The pharmacist-led intervention consisted of a behavioral and educational interview at the first visit (visit 1). The intervention was assessed 4 months later at the second visit (visit 2), using the following endpoints: treatment knowledge, medication adherence [proportion of days covered (PDC) by immunosuppressive therapy] and tacrolimus exposure. Results: At visit 2, IG patients achieved a significantly higher knowledge score than CG patients (83.3% versus 72.2%, p = 0.001). We did not find any differences in treatment exposure or medication adherence; however, the intervention tended to reduce the proportion of non-adherent patients with low knowledge scores. Using the PDC by immunosuppressive therapy, we identified 10 non-adherent patients (10.9%) at visit 1 and six at visit 2. Conclusions: Our intervention showed a positive effect on patient knowledge about their treatment. However, our results did not show any improvement in overall medication adherence, which was likely to be because of the initially high level of adherence in our study population. Nevertheless, the intervention appears to have improved adherence in non-adherent patients with low knowledge scores.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Neuromuscular, Haematological and Urinary Responses during Padel Matches

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5864
Author(s):  
Francisco Pradas ◽  
Alejandro García-Giménez ◽  
Víctor Toro-Román ◽  
Nicolae Ochiana ◽  
Carlos Castellar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

Research on the acute physiological response to a padel match is limited. The present study aimed to: (a) evaluate neuromuscular, urinary, and hematological responses after simulated padel competition (SC) and (b) analyze possible gender differences. In this study, 28 high-level padel players participated (men = 13, age = 26.83 ± 6.57 years; women = 15, age = 30.07 ± 4.36 years). The following parameters were analyzed before and after SC: neuromuscular (hand grip strength, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and Abalakov jump (ABK)), hematological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), and urinary (pH, specific gravity, microalbuminuria, and red blood cells). Significant gender differences were found in neuromuscular and hematological responses, with men obtaining higher values (p < 0.05). For the SC influence, changes were noted in ABK and microalbuminuria (p < 0.05). The percentages of change in hand grip strength, SJ (height and watts), CMJ (height), and ABK (height) were higher for men than women (p < 0.05). SC negatively influenced the neuromuscular parameters to a greater extent in women. Our results could be related to gender differences in game actions, the temporal structure, and anthropometric and physiological characteristics. Game dynamics and a different organic response between male and female padel playing were confirmed.

scholarly journals Real-Time High-Level Acute Pain Detection Using a Smartphone and a Wrist-Worn Electrodermal Activity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3956
Author(s):  
Youngsun Kong ◽  
Hugo F. Posada-Quintero ◽  
Ki H. Chon
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Pain Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
Pain Detection ◽  
High Level

The subjectiveness of pain can lead to inaccurate prescribing of pain medication, which can exacerbate drug addiction and overdose. Given that pain is often experienced in patients’ homes, there is an urgent need for ambulatory devices that can quantify pain in real-time. We implemented three time- and frequency-domain electrodermal activity (EDA) indices in our smartphone application that collects EDA signals using a wrist-worn device. We then evaluated our computational algorithms using thermal grill data from ten subjects. The thermal grill delivered a level of pain that was calibrated for each subject to be 8 out of 10 on a visual analog scale (VAS). Furthermore, we simulated the real-time processing of the smartphone application using a dataset pre-collected from another group of fifteen subjects who underwent pain stimulation using electrical pulses, which elicited a VAS pain score level 7 out of 10. All EDA features showed significant difference between painless and pain segments, termed for the 5-s segments before and after each pain stimulus. Random forest showed the highest accuracy in detecting pain, 81.5%, with 78.9% sensitivity and 84.2% specificity with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation approach. Our results show the potential of a smartphone application to provide near real-time objective pain detection.

scholarly journals Transfer and generalization of learned manipulation between unimanual and bimanual tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Lee-Miller ◽  
Marco Santello ◽  
Andrew M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Learning Transfer ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Pressure Point ◽  
Torque Generation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Object Center ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bimanual Grasping ◽  
Partial Learning

AbstractSuccessful object manipulation, such as preventing object roll, relies on the modulation of forces and centers of pressure (point of application of digits on each grasp surface) prior to lift onset to generate a compensatory torque. Whether or not generalization of learned manipulation can occur after adding or removing effectors is not known. We examined this by recruiting participants to perform lifts in unimanual and bimanual grasps and analyzed results before and after transfer. Our results show partial generalization of learned manipulation occurred when switching from a (1) unimanual to bimanual grasp regardless of object center of mass, and (2) bimanual to unimanual grasp when the center of mass was on the thumb side. Partial generalization was driven by the modulation of effectors’ center of pressure, in the appropriate direction but of insufficient magnitude, while load forces did not contribute to torque generation after transfer. In addition, we show that the combination of effector forces and centers of pressure in the generation of compensatory torque differ between unimanual and bimanual grasping. These findings highlight that (1) high-level representations of learned manipulation enable only partial learning transfer when adding or removing effectors, and (2) such partial generalization is mainly driven by modulation of effectors’ center of pressure.

scholarly journals Terrorism before and after 9/11 – a more dangerous world?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205316801773975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meagan Smith ◽  
Sean M. Zeigler
Keyword(s):  
Civil Conflict ◽  
New Age ◽  
Domestic Terrorism ◽  
Terrorist Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shed Light

Was 9/11 the opening salvo in a new age of terrorism? Some argue that this act ushered in a more chaotic world. Others contend an increased focus on terrorism in the past 15 years is the result of conflating terrorist activity with insurgency. We shed light on these claims by analyzing data on domestic and transnational terrorist incidence from 1989 to 2014. The evidence suggests that the years since 9/11 have been different from those preceding them. Once the prevalence of conflicts is accounted for, the post-9/11 era is a significantly less terror prone period than the years before it. A country not suffering civil conflict was upwards of 60 percent more likely to experience terrorism prior to or during the year 2001 than since. However, the opposite trend holds for those countries with a higher proportion of Muslims. Prior to 2001, countries with higher Muslim populations experienced less domestic terrorism. Since 9/11, these countries have experienced significantly more terrorism – both domestic and international – than they had previously.

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