scholarly journals Fermentation: Humanity’s Oldest Biotechnological Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iasmin Cartaxo Taveira ◽  
Karoline Maria Vieira Nogueira ◽  
Débora Lemos Gadelha de Oliveira ◽  
Roberto do Nascimento Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
New Product ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Fermentation is a process in which sugars are transformed into a new product through chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms. Since ancient times, humans have taken advantage of the natural fermentation process to develop many products, including foods, medicines, and fuels. In this article, we provide a close look at the history of fermentation, demonstrating why this natural process is humans’ most ancient biotechnological tool. This article will help you to understand the different types of fermentation and the current uses of the fermentation process.

scholarly journals Abnormal eye movements in parkinsonism: a historical view

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-459
Author(s):  
Tereza Ko ◽  
Augusto Mädke Brenner ◽  
Nicholas Pili Monteiro ◽  
Mariana Severo Debastiani ◽  
Alberto Chitolina Nesello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Historical View ◽  
Paralysis Agitans ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Excellent Tool

ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD), known since ancient times as paralysis agitans, was studied and described by James Parkinson in 1817 in his work “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy”. Fifty years later, Charcot and his students delved into the disease, naming it as we know it today, as well as defining the classic disease and its variants. One of these students, Arthur Dutil, addressed patients’ abnormal eye movements. Nowadays, it is known that the differential diagnosis of PD is relevant for prognosis, treatment and research, and, despite the advances in the area, it remains largely clinical. The relevance of the eye movement exam has grown along with the history of PD and it has proved to be an excellent tool for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. Additionally, it can become a support to identify different types of genetic PD and be useful for improving early recognition of cognitive decline in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Historia formularza mszalnego uroczystości Wszystkich Świętych

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Jan Szczych
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Middle Ages

The cult of the saints had its beginning in the Christian ancient times. Since then it was transformed in its own celebrations in honour of All the Saints. The official liturgy of the feast-day of Omnium Sanctorum (All Saints) was stabilized in close relation to the development of collective worship of the saints in the West. The historical liturgical witnesses from the Middle Ages and of the Trident Council time demonstrate a progressive and very natural process of establishment the missal texts of this liturgical celebration. The form of some liturgical directions in the current Missale Romanum (Latin Missal), unchanged for ages, confirms the continuity and constancy of this celebration in the history of Catholic Church. These missal directions explicitly show the same idea of celebration and timeless meaning of the All Saints Solemnity.

scholarly journals A KEYSTONE OF 'MANUSCRIPT' PAINTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Jaya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Line Drawings ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Manuscript Painting ◽  
Indian Painting

The important manuscript of the history of Indian painting introduces cultural civilization and historical series. Ever since man hit the first scratch on the wall of the cave, he realized his art stability. In ancient times, man used to create different types of line drawings and figures from chadis or georimitti to express his feelings. Gradually the development of the script led to the work of writing on Bhikti paintings, inscriptions, copper plates, banquets. The manuscripts are also unique works of writing and illustration. भारतीय चित्रकला के इतिहास का महत्वपूर्ण पृष्ठ पाण्डुलिपि सांस्कृतिक सभ्यता और ऐतिहासिक श्रृखंला का परिचय देती है। जब से मनुष्य ने गुफा की दीवार पर पहली खरोंच मारी उसे अपनी कला स्थिरता का ज्ञान हुआ। प्राचीन काल में मनुष्य अपने मनोभावों की अभिव्यक्ति के लिए खड़िया अथवा गेरूमिट्टी से विभिन्न प्रकार के रेखा चित्रों एवं आकृतियों की रचना किया करता था। धीरे-धीरे लिपि का विकास होने पर भिक्ति चित्रों षिलालेखों, ताम्रपत्रों, भोजपत्रांे पर लेखन का कार्य किया गया। पाण्डुलिपियां भी लेखन व चित्रण की अनुपम कृति है।

The history of probiotics: the untold story

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ozen ◽  
E.C. Dinleyici
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Animal Skin ◽  
Fermented Products

Probiotic, a word derived from Latin, means ‘for life’. A long time before the awareness of probiotic microorganisms, fermented products, such as beer, bread, wine, kefir, kumis and cheese had been very frequently used for nutritional and therapeutic purposes. It is widely believed that fermented products were probably found, or better to say, discovered spontaneously. The legend tells that yoghurt is most likely resulted from a fermentation process within the animal skin bags used for transportation of water and milk in regions with low humidity and high temperatures (Middle Asia and Middle East). The history of probiotics goes paralel with the evolution of human race and, thanks to the sophisticated techniques at the moment, can be traced back to the ancient times, nearly 10,000 years ago. The aims of this review are to highlight the important events for probiotic history, to correct the widely available anonymous misinformation in the literature and to remind to the readers important characters in its history.

scholarly journals ESSENCE, PECULIARITIES AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREME TOURISM IN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1779-1784
Author(s):  
Metodi Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
White Water ◽  
And Behavior

Tourism plays a significant role in the development of a free market economy. It is a source of foreign investment and has a direct contribution to the balance of capital of its developing destinations. Creates and maintains jobs through direct or indirect employment of people as a result of foreign visitors' spending in the host country. In the late 1980s and early 1990s in the history of sport, a new stream called "extreme sports" (extreme - from lat. Extremus - extreme, extraordinary) entered. They combine athletes with increased risk, non-standard thinking and behavior. Some of this group of sports, or the like, have existed since ancient times in the form of an ancient ritual or a local custom in which courage and fearlessness proved. Recently, there is an increasing number of people who want to practice some sports, which have very strong feelings - jumping with elastic rope, delta and paragliding, rock climbing, "white water" rafting and canoeing, , jumping with a parachute, balloons and more. Changes in the value orientation of modern man lead to changes in his attitudes towards different types of sports and tourism. Especially in the younger generation - from 14 to 35 years. Not many of them are looking for non-standard, extreme sports, adventure to meet their personal emotional needs and to discover through their sports their own identity. Based on the practice of the most renowned tourist companies in the world, a number of non-standard sports and activities, sometimes bearing the scars of adventure and adventure, but sought after and desired by some tourists, have entered and continue to take place in recent years.

scholarly journals Historia formularza mszalnego uroczystości Wszystkich Świętych

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Jan Szczych
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Middle Ages

The cult of the saints had its beginning in the Christian ancient times. Since then it was transformed in its own celebrations in honor of All the Saints. The official liturgy of the feast-day of Omnium Sanctorum (All Saints) was stabilized in close relation to the development of collective worship of the saints in the West. The historical liturgical witnesses from the Middle Ages and of the Trident Council time demonstrate a progressive and very natural process of establishment the missal texts of this liturgical celebration. The form of some liturgical directions in the current Missale Romanum (Latin Missal), unchanged for ages, confirms the continuity and constancy of this celebration in the history of Catholic Church. These missal directions explicitly show the same idea of celebration and timeless meaning of the All Saints Solemnity.

History of thyroid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The authors present an outline of the development of thyroid surgery from the ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, when the definitive surgical technique have been developed and the physiologic and pathopfysiologic consequences of thyroid resections have been described. The key representatives, as well as the contribution of the most influential czech surgeons are mentioned.

THE STUDY ON TA VAT WINE PRODUCTION FROM SUGAR PALM (ARENGA PINNATA) SAP

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Thị Hồng Thu ◽  
Đặng Minh Nhật ◽  
Nguyễn Hoàng Dung
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Wine Fermentation ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Best Parameters

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is a feather palm native to tropical Asia. In Vietnam, it is named Búng Báng or Đoác and grown only on the highlands in the central or northern part of Vietnam. It is utilized for many purposes, especially for Ta Vat wine production - a characteristic and unique product of Co Tu ethnic minority. However, because of the natural fermentation used in the production, the product quality is inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine a new procedure of using palm sap for making Ta Vat wine. Some characteristics of the sap, which was collected at Nam Giang district, Quang Nam province are determined, proving the potential of the sap for making wine product. The quality of sap changes quickly at room temperature. At low temperature (4 - 60C), the changes in sap quality are apparently slower. Examining some factors affecting its quality during the wine fermentation process, we determined the best parameters for the fermentation process as follows: inoculum size of 3% with cell density of about 1x108 cells/ml, the addition of the extract from the bark of Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea L.) 4%. Keywords: Arenga pinnata, sap, Ceylon ironwood bark, Mesua ferrea L., wine fermentation.

HAJJ AND THE RULERS OF

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
D.X. Sangirova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Middle Ages

Revered since ancient times, the concept of "sacred place" in the middle ages rose to a new level. The article analyzes one of the important issues of this time - Hajj (pilgriamge associated with visiting Mecca and its surroundings at a certain time), which is one of pillars of Islam and history of rulers who went on pilgrimage

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