scholarly journals ESSENCE, PECULIARITIES AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREME TOURISM IN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1779-1784
Author(s):  
Metodi Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
White Water ◽  
And Behavior

Tourism plays a significant role in the development of a free market economy. It is a source of foreign investment and has a direct contribution to the balance of capital of its developing destinations. Creates and maintains jobs through direct or indirect employment of people as a result of foreign visitors' spending in the host country. In the late 1980s and early 1990s in the history of sport, a new stream called "extreme sports" (extreme - from lat. Extremus - extreme, extraordinary) entered. They combine athletes with increased risk, non-standard thinking and behavior. Some of this group of sports, or the like, have existed since ancient times in the form of an ancient ritual or a local custom in which courage and fearlessness proved. Recently, there is an increasing number of people who want to practice some sports, which have very strong feelings - jumping with elastic rope, delta and paragliding, rock climbing, "white water" rafting and canoeing, , jumping with a parachute, balloons and more. Changes in the value orientation of modern man lead to changes in his attitudes towards different types of sports and tourism. Especially in the younger generation - from 14 to 35 years. Not many of them are looking for non-standard, extreme sports, adventure to meet their personal emotional needs and to discover through their sports their own identity. Based on the practice of the most renowned tourist companies in the world, a number of non-standard sports and activities, sometimes bearing the scars of adventure and adventure, but sought after and desired by some tourists, have entered and continue to take place in recent years.

scholarly journals Genetic factors and cancer: diagnosis, prognosis and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Fernando Russo Costa do Bomfim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
External Causes ◽  
And Behavior

Genetics is specifically responsible for several pathologies or, at the least, it is associated with a wide range of them, either as a primary causal agent (congenital genetic diseases) or secondary, being a factor within several possible for a given disease. One of the most critical genetic concepts is developed from the phenotype, equivalent to the genotype associated with the environment. In other words, for a condition to manifest itself, cancer, for example, we need a genetic alteration within the environment, which somehow influences carcinogenesis from stochastic or induced interactions. Cancer cases are approximately 80% and 90% associated with external causes, and environmental changes are mainly motivated by human actions, habits, and behavior, leading to an increased risk of different types of cancer. These changes lead to the formation of a cycle since man promotes environmental changes, leading to genetic modifications responsible for 10-20% of cancer formation. Although the percentage seems not to be significant, we have, in fact, several genetic mechanisms that will lead to the emergence of the most diverse types of cancer, including polymorphisms, mutations, oxidative stress, oncogenes, and genes that regulate the cell cycle, including apoptosis.

scholarly journals Acromegaly is associated with increased cancer risk: a survey in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Terzolo ◽  
Giuseppe Reimondo ◽  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
Emanuele Ferrante ◽  
Elena Malchiodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Multicenter Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
History Of

It is debated if acromegalic patients have an increased risk to develop malignancies. The aim of the present study was to assess the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of different types of cancer in acromegaly on a large series of acromegalic patients managed in the somatostatin analogs era. It was evaluated the incidence of cancer in an Italian nationwide multicenter cohort study of 1512 acromegalic patients, 624 men and 888 women, mean age at diagnosis 45 ± 13 years, followed up for a mean of 10 years (12573 person-years) in respect to the general Italian population. Cancer was diagnosed in 124 patients, 72 women and 52 men. The SIRs for all cancers was significantly increased compared to the general Italian population (expected: 88, SIR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.18–1.68, P < 0.001). In the whole series, we found a significantly increased incidence of colorectal cancer (SIR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07–2.58, P = 0.022), kidney cancer (SIR 2.87; 95% CI, 1.55–5.34, P < 0.001) and thyroid cancer (SIR 3.99; 95% CI, 2.32–6.87, P < 0.001). The exclusion of 11 cancers occurring before diagnosis of acromegaly (all in women) did not change remarkably the study outcome. In multivariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with an increased risk of malignancy were age and family history of cancer, with a non-significant trend for the estimated duration of acromegaly before diagnosis. In conclusion, we found evidence that acromegaly in Italy is associated with a moderate increase in cancer risk.

scholarly journals Abnormal eye movements in parkinsonism: a historical view

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-459
Author(s):  
Tereza Ko ◽  
Augusto Mädke Brenner ◽  
Nicholas Pili Monteiro ◽  
Mariana Severo Debastiani ◽  
Alberto Chitolina Nesello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Historical View ◽  
Paralysis Agitans ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Excellent Tool

ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD), known since ancient times as paralysis agitans, was studied and described by James Parkinson in 1817 in his work “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy”. Fifty years later, Charcot and his students delved into the disease, naming it as we know it today, as well as defining the classic disease and its variants. One of these students, Arthur Dutil, addressed patients’ abnormal eye movements. Nowadays, it is known that the differential diagnosis of PD is relevant for prognosis, treatment and research, and, despite the advances in the area, it remains largely clinical. The relevance of the eye movement exam has grown along with the history of PD and it has proved to be an excellent tool for the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. Additionally, it can become a support to identify different types of genetic PD and be useful for improving early recognition of cognitive decline in patients with PD.

scholarly journals A KEYSTONE OF 'MANUSCRIPT' PAINTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Jaya Jain
Keyword(s):  
Line Drawings ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Manuscript Painting ◽  
Indian Painting

The important manuscript of the history of Indian painting introduces cultural civilization and historical series. Ever since man hit the first scratch on the wall of the cave, he realized his art stability. In ancient times, man used to create different types of line drawings and figures from chadis or georimitti to express his feelings. Gradually the development of the script led to the work of writing on Bhikti paintings, inscriptions, copper plates, banquets. The manuscripts are also unique works of writing and illustration. भारतीय चित्रकला के इतिहास का महत्वपूर्ण पृष्ठ पाण्डुलिपि सांस्कृतिक सभ्यता और ऐतिहासिक श्रृखंला का परिचय देती है। जब से मनुष्य ने गुफा की दीवार पर पहली खरोंच मारी उसे अपनी कला स्थिरता का ज्ञान हुआ। प्राचीन काल में मनुष्य अपने मनोभावों की अभिव्यक्ति के लिए खड़िया अथवा गेरूमिट्टी से विभिन्न प्रकार के रेखा चित्रों एवं आकृतियों की रचना किया करता था। धीरे-धीरे लिपि का विकास होने पर भिक्ति चित्रों षिलालेखों, ताम्रपत्रों, भोजपत्रांे पर लेखन का कार्य किया गया। पाण्डुलिपियां भी लेखन व चित्रण की अनुपम कृति है।

scholarly journals Fermentation: Humanity’s Oldest Biotechnological Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iasmin Cartaxo Taveira ◽  
Karoline Maria Vieira Nogueira ◽  
Débora Lemos Gadelha de Oliveira ◽  
Roberto do Nascimento Silva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
New Product ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Fermentation is a process in which sugars are transformed into a new product through chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms. Since ancient times, humans have taken advantage of the natural fermentation process to develop many products, including foods, medicines, and fuels. In this article, we provide a close look at the history of fermentation, demonstrating why this natural process is humans’ most ancient biotechnological tool. This article will help you to understand the different types of fermentation and the current uses of the fermentation process.

scholarly journals LITERATURE REVIEW: RISK FACTORS OF INCREASING TUBERCULOSIS INCIDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Joko Sapto Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACT   Globally, the incidence of Tuberculosis was still quite high, there were an estimated that 10 million people are infected with Tuberculosis and even 44% of cases are in Southeast Asia, Indonesia was in the 2nd position in the world after India and every year it is still increasing. Tuberculosis is transmitted through droplets of sufferers when coughing or sneezing, close contact is very vulnerable to the transmission process in addition to other supporting factors. This paper aims to review various sources regarding the risk factors for an increase in the incidence of tuberculosis. The method used was literature review sourced from the Google scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest database as well as other sources such as textbooks and reports published in 2015 to 2020. The results of the literature review showed that most of the risk factors for the incidence of tuberculosis were a history of close contact, age, gender, lifestyle and behavior. Meanwhile, the factors that contribute to the increased risk are occupancy density, ventilation and house lighting, as well as factors for decreased immune system including nutritional status and comorbidities, although at the age of 0-5 years who have received BCG immunization, they were still susceptible to primary tuberculosis infection. Controlling the increased incidence of tuberculosis should be directed at preventing transmission, especially at the family level and   close social contacts as well as increasing awareness of correct coughing and sputum behavior. Key words: risk factors; incidence; tuberculosis     ABSTRAK   Serara global angka insidensi Tuberkulosis dunia   masih cukup tinggi, diperkirakan 10 juta   orang  terinfeksi tuberkulosis bahkan 44% kasus  berada di  Asia Tenggara, Indonesia pada posisi rangking   ke-2 dunia setelah India  dan setiap tahun masih meningkat. Tuberkulosis ditularkan melalui droplet  penderita saat batuk atau bersin, kontak dekat menjadi sangat rentan terjadinya proses penularan disamping faktor-faktor lain yang menunjang.  Tulisan  ini bertujuan untuk mengulas berbagai sumber mengenai faktor risiko peningkatan angka insidensi Tuberkulosis. Metode yang digunakan adalah  tinjauan literatur    yang bersumber dari  database Google scholar, ScienceDirect, dan ProQuest   selain itu juga sumber lainnya seperti buku ajar dan laporan yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015 hingga 2020.  Hasil tinjauan literatur menunjukkan sebagian besar faktor risiko angka insidensi Tuberkulosis adalah riwayat kontak erat, usia, jenis kelamin,  gaya hidup dan perilaku. Sementara faktor yang menunjang peningkatan risiko adalah kepadatan hunian, ventilasi dan pencahayaan rumah, begitu pula faktor penurunan daya tahan tubuh meliputi status gizi dan  penyakit penyerta, walaupun pada usia 0-5 tahun yang telah mendapatkan imunisasi BCG, namun masih rentan terinfeksi Tuberkulosis primer.   Hendaknya  pengendalaian peningkatan insidensi Tuberkulosis   diarahkan pada pencegahan penularan khususnya di tingkat keluarga  dan kontak sosial dekat serta peningkatan kesadaran perilaku batuk dan membuang dahak yang benar. Kata kunci: Faktor risiko; insidensi; tuberkulosis

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

History of thyroid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The authors present an outline of the development of thyroid surgery from the ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, when the definitive surgical technique have been developed and the physiologic and pathopfysiologic consequences of thyroid resections have been described. The key representatives, as well as the contribution of the most influential czech surgeons are mentioned.

Dental Implant Placement in Patients with a History of Medications Related to Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judd Sher ◽  
Kate Kirkham-Ali ◽  
Denny Luo ◽  
Catherine Miller ◽  
Dileep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Bisphosphonate Treatment ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

The present systematic review evaluates the safety of placing dental implants in patients with a history of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drug therapy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases were used to search for clinical studies (English only) to July 16, 2019. Study quality was assessed regarding randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist for case series. A broad search strategy resulted in the identification of 7542 studies. There were 28 studies reporting on bisphosphonates (5 cohort, 6 case control, and 17 case series) and one study reporting on denosumab (case series) that met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The quality assessment revealed an overall moderate quality of evidence among the studies. Results demonstrated that patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis are not at increased risk of implant failure in terms of osseointegration. However, all patients with a history of bisphosphonate treatment, whether taken orally for osteoporosis or intravenously for malignancy, appear to be at risk of ‘implant surgery-triggered’ MRONJ. In contrast, the risk of MRONJ in patients treated with denosumab for osteoporosis was found to be negligible. In conclusion, general and specialist dentists should exercise caution when planning dental implant therapy in patients with a history of bisphosphonate and denosumab drug therapy. Importantly, all patients with a history of bisphosphonates are at risk of MRONJ, necessitating this to be included in the informed consent obtained prior to implant placement. The James Cook University College of Medicine and Dentistry Honours program and the Australian Dental Research Foundation Colin Cormie Grant were the primary sources of funding for this systematic review.

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