scholarly journals Gendered Body Mass and Life Satisfaction Among Youth in Three Western European Immigrant-Receiving Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Shen ◽  
Irena Kogan

In this study we aim to show distinctive patterns of the association between body weight and life satisfaction for adolescent boys and girls, respectively. We understand such patterns by bringing multiple mediating factors into one theoretical framework centred on normative perceptions. By drawing data from the first wave of the CILS4EU that captures 14–15-year-olds in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden, findings show that psychological factors, indicated by self-esteem and mental state, explain the association between BMI and life dissatisfaction substantially, for both boys and girls. Relationships with parents (particularly among boys) and relationships with peers (particularly among girls) also play significant roles. Moreover, the association between being underweight and life satisfaction among girls varies across ethno-racial groups. Girls originating from Eastern Europe have a tendency to gain more life satisfaction when being underweight, whereas girls rooted in Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean countries display consistently low levels of life satisfaction when being underweight.

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasida Ben-Zur

Abstract. The current study investigated the associations of psychological resources, social comparisons, and temporal comparisons with general wellbeing. The sample included 142 community participants (47.9% men; age range 23–83 years), who compared themselves with others, and with their younger selves, on eight dimensions (e.g., physical health, resilience). They also completed questionnaires assessing psychological resources of mastery and self-esteem, and three components of subjective wellbeing: life satisfaction and negative and positive affect. The main results showed that high levels of psychological resources contributed to wellbeing, with self-enhancing social and temporal comparisons moderating the effects of resources on certain wellbeing components. Specifically, under low levels of mastery or self-esteem self-enhancing social or temporal comparisons were related to either higher life satisfaction or positive affect. The results highlight the role of resources and comparisons in promoting people’s wellbeing, and suggest that self-enhancing comparisons function as cognitive coping mechanisms when psychological resources are low.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bukunmi O Adewumi ◽  
Olubukola Ajayi

This study was designed to assess the psychological factors influencing life satisfaction of undergraduates. The instruments used were Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), Rosenberge Self-esteem Scale (RSS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). A total number of 190 participants were purposively selected across various faculties in Ekiti State University. Four hypotheses were tested using Independent t-test to find the effects of perceived stress, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem on life satisfaction. Multiple regression was used to find the joint and individual influences of these variables. The results showed that there is no significant influence of perceived stress on life satisfaction (t (75) = 1.23, p = .22, 95% CI [-1.14, 4.83). There is no significant influence of self-esteem on life satisfaction (t (51) = -1.31, p = .20, 95% CI [-5.28, 1.11), and there is no significant joint influence of perceived stress, emotional intelligence and self-esteem on life satisfaction (F (3,187) = 1.79, p = .15, R2 =.03). Additionally, perceived stress (β = .07, p = .33), emotional intelligence (β = .14, p = 054) and self-esteem (β = .02, p = .83) did not have independent influences on life satisfaction. Implications of the present findings for future research are discussed, as well as potential interventions for improving life satisfaction.


Author(s):  
Khoruzhyi S.M. ◽  
Piontkivska O.H.

Purpose. The goal of the article is to empirically study the psychological factors of bullying among adolescents in the school environment.Methods. The following diagnostic tools were used in the study: questionnaire method (author’s questionnaire); methods of diagnosis of acceptance of others; express diagnostics of the level of self-esteem; methods of diagnostics of indicators and forms of aggression by A. Bass and A. Darka (adaptation by A.K. Osnytskyi). The following methods were used to process empirical data: descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analyzes.Results. The authors include the level of self-esteem, aggression, hostility, and acceptance of others among the personal psychological factors and characteristics of bullying among adolescents. The study found that most adolescents have low self-esteem, average acceptance of others with a tendency to low or low, their level of aggression and hostility is equal to the average and in some cases found a high rate of aggression and hostility to others. Correlation analysis revealed a link between others’ self-esteem, self-esteem, and level of aggression. That is, low levels of acceptance of others and low self-esteem are associated with increased levels of aggression and hostility towards others, hostility towards peers, difficulties in establishing friendly relations, envy, unwillingness to work in a group, and so on. An empirical study has found that adolescents who have been involved in bullying, either as a passive observer or as bullies themselves, have the highest levels of hostility. That is why the hostility rate was chosen as a dependent variable for multiple regression analysis in the study of bullying. The results of multiple regression analysis show that adolescents’ hostility is due to low levels of acceptance of others, which is manifested in judgmental, contemptuous or critical attitude towards others, aggression, and inadequate self-esteem.Conclusions. The obtained results show that among the factors of bullying can be distinguished inadequate self-esteem, high levels of aggression, and adolescents’ hostility to their environment.Key worlds: bullying, psychological factors, adolescence, self-esteem, hostility, aggression. Мета статті полягає вемпіричному дослідженні психологічних чинників булінгу серед школярів підліткового віку у шкільному середовищі.Методи. У дослідженні використано діагностичний інструментарій: метод анкетування (авторська анкета); методику діагностики прийняття інших (шкала В. Фейя); експрес-діагностику рівня самооцінки, методику діагностики показників і форм агресії А. Басса й А. Дарки (адаптація А.К. Осницького). Для оброблення емпіричних даних було застосовано описову статистику, кореляційний та мно-жинний регресійний аналізи.Результати. До особистісних психологічних чинників та характеристик булінгу серед школярів підліткового віку автори статті відносять рівень самооцінки, агресивності, ворожості та прийняття інших. У процесі дослідження виявлено, що переважно підлітки мають низький рівень самооцінки, середній рівень прийняття інших із тенденцією до низького або ж низький, їхній рівень агресивності та ворожості дорівнює середньому показнику; в окремих випадках виявлено високий показник агресії і ворожого ставлення до оточення. За допомогою кореляційного аналізу виявлено зв’язок між показником прийняття інших, самооцінкою та рівнем агресії. Тобто низький рівень прийняття інших і низька самооцінка пов’язані зі збільшенням рівня агресії та ворожості до оточення, ворожого ставлення до однолітків, труднощів у налагодженні дружніх стосунків, заздрощів, небажання працювати у групі тощо. За результатами емпіричного дослідження визначено, що серед підлітків, які були причетні до булінгу, у ролі пасивного спостерігача або в ролі самих булерів, найвищі показники за рівнем ворожості. Саме тому показник ворожості обрано за залежну змінну для проведеннямножинного регресійного аналізуу вивченні булінгу. Результати множинного регресійного аналізу свідчать, що ворожість дітей підліткового віку зумовлюється низьким рівнем прийняття інших, що проявляється в осудливому, зневажливому або критичному ставленні до оточення, агресивністю та неадекватним рівнем самооцінки.Висновки. Отримані результати демонструють, що серед чинників виникнення булінгу можна виокремити неадекватну самооцінку, високий рівень агресивності та ворожості підлітків до свого оточення.Ключові слова:булінг, психологічні чинники, підлітковий вік, самооцінка, ворожість, агресія


Author(s):  
Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Amarante do Nascimento ◽  
Bráulio Henrique Magnani Branco ◽  
Rogéria Vicentini de Oliveira ◽  
José Roberto Andrade do Nascimento Júnior ◽  
...  

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the psychological factors that might predict the sedentary behavior of 654 older adults from the South Region of Brazil. The participants were evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; Mini-Mental State Exam; Geriatric Anxiety Scale; and the scales Geriatric Depression, Purpose in Life, Perceived Stress, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, and Satisfaction with Life. Data analysis was conducted through Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis (p < .05). No significant (p > .05) correlation was found between the sedentary behavior variables with self-esteem. Multiple regression analysis revealed that psychological variables explained 6% of the variance of sitting time during the week (R2 = .06; F = 11.546; p < .01). Depression showed a positive prediction (β = −0.10; p = .040), while life satisfaction (β = −0.16; p = .001) and purpose in life (β = −0.10; p = .026) showed negative prediction. Psychological variables predicted only 3% of the variance of sitting time during the weekend (R2 = .03; F = 5.629; p < .01), showing that life satisfaction had significant (p = .007) and negative (β = −0.13) association. Life satisfaction and purpose in life can be considered protector factors to sedentary behavior, while depression is a potentiating factor.


1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Watkins ◽  
Anne McCreary Juhasz ◽  
Aldona Walker ◽  
Nijole Janvlaitiene

Analysis of the responses of 139 male and 83 female Lithuanian 12-14 year-olds to a translation of the Self-Description Questionnaire-1 (SDQ-1; Marsh, 1988 ) supported the internal consistency and factor structure of this instrument. Some evidence of a “positivity” response bias was found, however. Comparison of the Lithuanian responses to those of like-aged Australian, Chinese, Filipino, Nepalese, and Nigerian children indicated the Lithuanians tended to report rather lower self-esteem. The Lithuanian males also tended to report lower self-esteem than their female peers. Interpretation of the results are considered in terms of reactions to the recent upheavals in Eastern Europe, stable cultural dimensions, and possible cultural and gender biases in the items of the SDQ-1.


Author(s):  
Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽  
Avi Besser ◽  
Yuval Besser

Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to extend previous research concerning the negative perceptions of stuttering by considering the perceived leadership ability of targets who stuttered compared with targets who did not stutter. We were also interested in the possibility that negative perceptions of the targets (i.e., low levels of self-esteem, intelligence, dominance-based status motivation, and prestige-based status motivation) would mediate the association between stuttering and a lack of perceived leadership ability as well as the possibility that manipulating the ostensible self-esteem level of the target would further moderate these associations. The results for 838 Israeli community members revealed a negative association between stuttering and perceived leadership ability that was mediated by the perceived self-esteem level and dominance-based status motivation of the target. Further, the associations between stuttering and perceptions of leadership ability were moderated by the ostensible self-esteem level of the target. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding the negative halo that surrounds stuttering.


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Biggs ◽  
Ushma Upadhyaya ◽  
Julia R. Steinberg ◽  
Diana G. Foster

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-164
Author(s):  
Adam Okulicz-Kozaryn

Freedom and life satisfaction are desirable conditions and they both have a special meaning in Eastern Europe — transition was largely about gaining freedom and ultimately overall wellbeing. There are several studies about the effect of freedom on life satisfaction, but none of them focuses on Eastern Europe. I investigate the effect of self-reported freedom on life satisfaction in post-transition Eastern Europe using the World Values Survey. Surprisingly, East Europeans feel less free and less satisfied with their lives than other nationals. But a personal feeling of freedom increases their life satisfaction at a higher rate than in other countries. Freedom is a strong predictor of life satisfaction as compared to national income.


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