scholarly journals BepiColombo’s Cruise Phase: Unique Opportunity for Synergistic Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Z. Hadid ◽  
V. Génot ◽  
S. Aizawa ◽  
A. Milillo ◽  
J. Zender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Many Instruments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Orbit Insertion ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

The investigation of multi-spacecraft coordinated observations during the cruise phase of BepiColombo (ESA/JAXA) are reported, with a particular emphasis on the recently launched missions, Solar Orbiter (ESA/NASA) and Parker Solar Probe (NASA). Despite some payload constraints, many instruments onboard BepiColombo are operating during its cruise phase simultaneously covering a wide range of heliocentric distances (0.28 AU–0.5 AU). Hence, the various spacecraft configurations and the combined in-situ and remote sensing measurements from the different spacecraft, offer unique opportunities for BepiColombo to be part of these unprecedented multipoint synergistic observations and for potential scientific studies in the inner heliosphere, even before its orbit insertion around Mercury in December 2025. The main goal of this report is to present the coordinated observation opportunities during the cruise phase of BepiColombo (excluding the planetary flybys). We summarize the identified science topics, the operational instruments, the method we have used to identify the windows of opportunity and discuss the planning of joint observations in the future.

scholarly journals Special Issue on Remote Sensing of Snow and Its Applications

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nadir Arslan ◽  
Zuhal Akyürek
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Snow cover is an essential climate variable directly affecting the Earth’s energy balance. Snow cover has a number of important physical properties that exert an influence on global and regional energy, water, and carbon cycles. Remote sensing provides a good understanding of snow cover and enable snow cover information to be assimilated into hydrological, land surface, meteorological, and climate models for predicting snowmelt runoff, snow water resources, and to warn about snow-related natural hazards. The main objectives of this Special Issue, “Remote Sensing of Snow and Its Applications” in Geosciences are to present a wide range of topics such as (1) remote sensing techniques and methods for snow, (2) modeling, retrieval algorithms, and in-situ measurements of snow parameters, (3) multi-source and multi-sensor remote sensing of snow, (4) remote sensing and model integrated approaches of snow, and (5) applications where remotely sensed snow information is used for weather forecasting, flooding, avalanche, water management, traffic, health and sport, agriculture and forestry, climate scenarios, etc. It is very important to understand (a) differences and similarities, (b) representativeness and applicability, (c) accuracy and sources of error in measuring of snow both in-situ and remote sensing and assimilating snow into hydrological, land surface, meteorological, and climate models. This Special Issue contains nine articles and covers some of the topics we listed above.

The Application of Remote Sensing Technology in Geohazard Prevention & Mitigation, Water Conservancy Engineering and Transportation Engineering

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 1744-1749
Author(s):  
Yu Xin ◽  
Qiu Sheng Lin ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Water Conservancy

The remote sensing (RS) technology is a synthetic detecting technology and has been developed very quickly for recent years. As its main features, the RS technology could help to acquire data in multiple means, wide range, quick speed and high precision. Now it has been applied comprehensively in such area as geohazard prevention & mitigation, water conservancy engineering and transportation engineering. The application of RS technology in these areas was introduced in this paper. The future application was also prospected.

Forecasting Seasonal Streamflow Using a Stacked Recurrent Neural Network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lambl ◽  
Dan Katz ◽  
Eliza Hale ◽  
Alden Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
The Future ◽  
In Situ Sensors

<p>Providing accurate seasonal (1-6 months) forecasts of streamflow is critical for applications ranging from optimizing water management to hydropower generation. In this study we evaluate the performance of stacked Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, which maintain an internal set of states and are therefore well-suited to modeling dynamical processes.</p><p>Existing LSTM models applied to hydrological modeling use all available historical information to forecast contemporaneous output. This modeling approach breaks down for long-term forecasts because some of the observations used as input are not available in the future (e.g., from remote sensing and in situ sensors). To solve this deficiency we train a stacked LSTM model where the first network encodes the historical information in its hidden states and cells. These states and cells are then used to initialize the second LSTM which uses meteorological forecasts to create streamflow forecasts at various horizons. This method allows the model to learn general hydrological relationships in the temporal domain across different catchment types and project them into the future up to 6 months ahead.</p><p>Using meteorological time series from NOAA’s Climate Forecast System (CFS), remote sensing data including snow cover, vegetation and surface temperature from NASA’s MODIS sensors, SNOTEL sensor data, static catchment attributes, and streamflow data from USGS we train a stacked LSTM model on 100 basins, and evaluate predictions on out-of-sample periods from these same basins. We perform sensitivity analysis on the effects of remote sensing data, in-situ sensors, and static catchment attributes to understand the informational content of these various inputs under various model architectures. Finally, we benchmark our model to forecasts derived from simple climatological averages and to forecasts created by a single LSTM that excludes all inputs without forecasts.</p><p> </p>

Taking advantage of Multisensor Synergy: New discovery and analysis tools

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Gaultier ◽  
Fabrice Collard ◽  
Ziad El Khoury Hanna ◽  
Gilles Guitton ◽  
Sylvain Herlédan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Online Portal ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sample Frequency

<p>Numerous new satellites and sensors have arised during the past decade. This satellite constellation has never been so dense and diverse. It provides a wide range of view angles to the ocean surface from the coast to the open ocean, at various scales and from physical to biological processes. Sentinel 1-2-3 program covers various sensors such as SAR, Optical, radiometer or altimeter with a repeat subcycle of only a few days, yet the repeat frequency for each sensor alone is not enough to monitor meso to submeso scales.</p><p>In the other hand, in-situ data are sparse in space but offers a high sample frequency and therefore complementary to remote sensing<br>observations. Handling consistently these huge heterogeneous datasets in a simple, fast and convenient way is now possible using the free and open Ocean Virtual Laboratory online portal or its standalone version. These tools are starting to be widely used by the scientific community to better discover, understand and monitor oceanic processes. We will demonstrate the potential and functionalities of these tools using various test cases:</p><p>Collocating Sentinel 1-2-3 for wave current interaction analysis<br>Creating synoptic charts of fronts and eddies, highlighting strong and energetic ocean currents<br>Campaign at sea planning and real time analysis of in-situ / remote sensing data. <br>Validation and comparison of currents (derived from satellite and models) with a Lagrangian approach using SEAScope stand alone interactive tool. </p><p><br>Online tool is available at https://ovl.oceandatalab.com and standalone version at https://seascope.oceandatalab.com. A splinter-meeting will<br>be organised at the conference to provide hands-on demonstration. </p>

scholarly journals TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED EARTH OBSERVATION SCIENCE IN A BIG EARTH DATA ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W10 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
T. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Science ◽  
World View ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abrupt Changes

Abstract. Earth observation (EO) data – including satellite-borne, airborne or drone-based imagery – have become indispensable for the monitoring of the environment. EO supports tackling the ‘grand challenges’ at global spatial scales, such as global change and climate variability technology but also retail or insurance. Like a macroscope, it opens research avenues to observe processes occurring over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, from abrupt changes such as earthquakes, to decadal shifts such as growth and shrinkage of ice sheets. Particularly satellite data became a success story and empowered individuals, businesses and society. Until a few years ago, the term remote sensing mainly stood for a digital raster world view while the GIS community was inclined to the vector world. “Earth Observation” seems to be integrative and to accommodate various means of data acquisition from satellites, aircrafts, drones, to in situ measurements. Today the rapid growth of data science, the consumerization of GIS and remote sensing, and the continued spread of online cartographic tools are prompting a more holistic Earth Observation Science and interdisciplinary educational programmes.

scholarly journals Number density structures in the inner heliosphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. A62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stansby ◽  
T. S. Horbury
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Slow Solar Wind ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Aims. The origins and generation mechanisms of the slow solar wind are still unclear. Part of the slow solar wind is populated by number density structures, discrete patches of increased number density that are frozen in to and move with the bulk solar wind. In this paper we aimed to provide the first in-situ statistical study of number density structures in the inner heliosphere. Methods. We reprocessed in-situ ion distribution functions measured by Helios in the inner heliosphere to provide a new reliable set of proton plasma moments for the entire mission. From this new data set we looked for number density structures measured within 0.5 AU of the Sun and studied their properties. Results. We identified 140 discrete areas of enhanced number density. The structures occurred exclusively in the slow solar wind and spanned a wide range of length scales from 50 Mm to 2000 Mm, which includes smaller scales than have been previously observed. They were also consistently denser and hotter that the surrounding plasma, but had lower magnetic field strengths, and therefore remained in pressure balance. Conclusions. Our observations show that these structures are present in the slow solar wind at a wide range of scales, some of which are too small to be detected by remote sensing instruments. These structures are rare, accounting for only 1% of the slow solar wind measured by Helios, and are not a significant contribution to the mass flux of the solar wind.

scholarly journals Relative abundance diagnostics with SPICE, the EUV spectrometer on-board Solar Orbiter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Zambrana Prado ◽  
Eric Buchlin ◽  
Hardi Peter
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Emission Measure ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
First Ionization Potential ◽  
Inner Heliosphere ◽  
Euv Spectrometer

<p>With the launches of Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter, we are closer than ever to linking solar activity on the surface and in the corona to the inner heliosphere. In this quest, relative abundance measurements will be key as different structures on the Sun have different abundances as a consequence of the FIP (First Ionization Potential) effect.</p><p>Comparing in-situ and remote sensing composition data, coupled with modeling, will allow us to trace back the source of heliospheric plasma. Solar Orbiter has a unique combination of in-situ and remote sensing instruments that will hopefully allow us to make such comparisons.</p><p>High telemetry will not always be available with SPICE (SPectral Imaging of the Coronal Environment), the EUV spectrometer on board Solar Orbiter. We have therefore developed a method for measuring relative abundances that is both telemetry efficient and reliable. Unlike methods based on Differential Emission Measure (DEM) inversion, the Linear Combination Ratio (LCR) method does not require a large number of spectral lines. This new method is based on optimized linear combinations of only a few UV spectral lines. We present some abundance diagnostics applied to synthesized radiances of spectral lines observable by SPICE.</p>

RESPONDING TO THE BIG SPILL OF 20111

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Lehr ◽  
Ron Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Database Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
And Behavior

ABSTRACT The authors use a hypothetical spill incident 10 years in the future to examine the possible advances of spill response technology. The status of remote sensing at present, as well as its capabilities a decade hence, are discussed. The authors examine spill communication improvements, speculate on the use of the Internet to disseminate spill information, and examine electronic database systems for slick management. Progress in effectively using alternative cleanup strategies such as in situ burning and dispersants are reviewed, along with some of the likely impediments to their use in spills of 2011. Spill trajectory and behavior forecasting techniques of tomorrow are discussed in light of the expected continuing advance in computer technology. The authors review the likelihood that these new capabilities would actually be implemented. The resulting picture is a mixed one. Possible positive and negative scenarios are described.

Overview of the 2019 Sentinel-5p TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnoud Apituley ◽  
Karin Kreher ◽  
Ankie Piters ◽  
John Sullivan ◽  
Michel vanRoozendael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Products

<p>For the validation of Sentinel-5p/TROPOMI the TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX) was held in the Netherlands based at the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research during September 2019. TROLIX consisted of active and passive remote sensing platforms in conjunction with several balloon-borne and surface measurements.</p><p>The intensive observations will serve to establish the quality of TROPOMI L2 main data products (UVAI, Aerosol Layer Height, NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, HCHO, Clouds) under realistic conditions with varying cloud cover and a wide range of atmospheric conditions.</p><p>Since TROPOMI is a hyperspectral imager with a very high spatial resolution of 3.6 x 5.6 km<sup>2</sup>, understanding local effects such as inhomogeneous sources of pollution, sub-pixel clouds and variations in ground albedo is important to interpret TROPOMI results. Therefore, the campaign included sub-pixel resolution local networks of sensors, involving MAXDOAS and Pandora instruments, around Cabauw (rural) and within the city of Rotterdam (urban). Utilising its comprehensive in-situ and remote sensing observation program in and around the 213 m meteorological tower, Cabauw was the main site of the campaign with focus on vertical profiling using lidar instruments for aerosols, clouds, water vapor, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, as well as balloon-borne sensors for NO<sub>2</sub> and ozone.</p><p>The data set collected can be directly compared to the TROPOMI L2 data products, while measurements of parameters related to a-priori data and auxiliary parameters that infuence the quality of the L2 products such as aerosol and cloud profiles and in-situ aerosol and atmospheric chemistry were also collected.</p><p>This paper gives an overview of the campaign, and an overview of the participating main and ancillary instrumentation and preliminary results.</p><p>Future activities include the deployment in 2020 of an airborne hyperspectral imager.</p>

In-situ electrical-resistivity measurements in the high-voltage electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
W. E. King
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Helium Gas

A side-entry type, helium-temperature specimen stage that has the capability of in-situ electrical-resistivity measurements has been designed and developed for use in the AEI-EM7 1200-kV electron microscope at Argonne National Laboratory. The electrical-resistivity measurements complement the high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) to yield a unique opportunity to investigate defect production in metals by electron irradiation over a wide range of defect concentrations.A flow cryostat that uses helium gas as a coolant is employed to attain and maintain any specified temperature between 10 and 300 K. The helium gas coolant eliminates the vibrations that arise from boiling liquid helium and the temperature instabilities due to alternating heat-transfer mechanisms in the two-phase temperature regime (4.215 K). Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the liquid/gaseous helium transfer system. A liquid-gas mixture can be used for fast cooldown. The cold tip of the transfer tube is inserted coincident with the tilt axis of the specimen stage, and the end of the coolant flow tube is positioned without contact within the heat exchanger of the copper specimen block (Fig. 2).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document