An Interdisciplinary Examination of Stress and Injury Occurrence in Athletes

This paper adopts a novel, interdisciplinary approach to explore the relationship between stress-related psychosocial factors, physiological markers and occurrence of injury in athletes using a repeated measures prospective design. At four data collection time-points, across 1-year of a total 2-year data collection period, athletes completed measures of major life events, the reinforcement sensitivity theory personality questionnaire, muscle stiffness, heart rate variability and postural stability, and reported any injuries they had sustained since the last data collection. Two Bayesian networks were used to examine the relationships between variables and model the changes between data collection points in the study. Findings revealed muscle stiffness to have the strongest relationship with injury occurrence, with high levels of stiffness increasing the probability of sustaining an injury. Negative life events did not increase the probability of injury occurrence at any single time-point; however, when examining changes between time points, increases in negative life events did increase the probability of injury. In addition, the combination of increases in negative life events and muscle stiffness resulted in the greatest probability of sustaining an injury. Findings demonstrated the importance of both an interdisciplinary approach and a repeated measures design to furthering our understanding of the relationship between stress-related markers and injury occurrence.

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Global Perceived Stress Level as a Moderator of the Relationship between Negative Life Events and Depression

Journal of Human Stress ◽

10.1080/0097840x.1986.9936781 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 149-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Kuiper ◽

L. Joan Olinger ◽

Lisa M. Lyons

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Stress Level ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

The Relationship

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INTERVENING PROCESSES BETWEEN ADOLESCENT DRUG USE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE SELF-MEDICATION HYPOTHESIS

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1998.26.2.115 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 115-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kelly Damphousse ◽

Howard B. Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Drug Use ◽

Life Events ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

The Self ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Deviant Peers ◽

Self Medication ◽

Adolescent Drug Use ◽

The Relationship

The self-medication hypothesis suggests that individuals who experience high levels of psychological distress use drugs to relieve their pain. The extent to which this is the case (and to which people do feel better after using drugs) has had mixed support in the literature. The present analysis uses structural equation modeling of longitudinal data to explore how deviant disposition, deviant peers, and negative life events act as intervening variables in the hypothesized relationship between psychological distress and adolescent drug use. The results suggest that deviant disposition and association with deviant peers mediate the relationship between antecedent psychological distress and later drug use. Similarly, negative life events mediate the relationship between adolescent drug use and adult psychological distress.

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Subtypes of Rumination in the Relationship Between Negative Life Events and Suicidal Ideation

Archives of Suicide Research ◽

10.1080/13811110902835015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 123-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Shirley Chan ◽

Regina Miranda ◽

Katherine Surrence

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Life Events ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

The Relationship

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Crossover design in transcranial direct current stimulation studies on motor learning: potential pitfalls and difficulties in interpretation of findings

Reviews in the Neurosciences ◽

10.1515/revneuro-2017-0056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 463-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mana Biabani ◽

Michael Farrell ◽

Maryam Zoghi ◽

Gary Egan ◽

Shapour Jaberzadeh

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Motor Learning ◽

Direct Current ◽

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Crossover Design ◽

Period Effect ◽

Direct Current Stimulation ◽

Repeated Measures Design

Abstract Crossover designs are used by a high proportion of studies investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor learning. These designs necessitate attention to aspects of data collection and analysis to take account of design-related confounds including order, carryover, and period effects. In this systematic review, we appraised the method sections of crossover-designed tDCS studies of motor learning and discussed the strategies adopted to address these factors. A systematic search of 10 databases was performed and 19 research papers, including 21 experimental studies, were identified. Potential risks of bias were addressed in all of the studies, however, not in a rigorous and structured manner. In the data collection phase, unclear methods of randomization, various lengths of washout period, and inconsistency in the counteracting period effect can be observed. In the analytical procedures, the stratification by sequence group was often ignored, and data were treated as if it belongs to a simple repeated-measures design. An inappropriate use of crossover design can seriously affect the findings and therefore the conclusions drawn from tDCS studies on motor learning. The results indicate a pressing need for the development of detailed guidelines for this type of studies to benefit from the advantages of a crossover design.

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Expanding our understanding of the relationship between negative life events and depressive symptoms in black and white adolescent girls

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291704003186 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1319-1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

DEBRA L. FRANKO ◽

RUTH H. STRIEGEL-MOORE ◽

KATHLEEN M. BROWN ◽

BRUCE A. BARTON ◽

ROBERT P. McMAHON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Life Events ◽

Adolescent Girls ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

White Female ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Black And White ◽

Domains Of Life ◽

Diverse Groups ◽

The Relationship

Background. Little is known about the extent to which negative life events predict depressive symptoms in ethnically diverse groups or whether this relationship is proximal or enduring.Method. The relationship between negative life events in adolescence and depressive symptoms in young adulthood was studied in a sample of over 1300 black and white female adolescents. Five domains of life events were assessed at age 16 years and depressive symptoms were measured at age 18 and again at age 21 years. Questions of interest included whether the association continued over time and whether there were specific domains of life events that predicted symptoms better than others.Results. The total number of negative life events at time 1 predicted depressive symptoms at both time 2 and time 3. Interpersonal loss events and other adversities, however, predicted depressive symptoms only at time 2, whereas at time 3, only interpersonal trauma was a significant predictor. No ethnic differences were found, indicating that the relationship between life events and depressive symptoms appears to be similar for black and white adolescent girls.Conclusions. The results suggest that negative life events and some specific type of stressors increase the likelihood of the onset of depression symptoms in future years, for both black and white girls. Early preventive efforts should be directed at adolescents who experience loss due to death of a significant other, traumatic events, and psychosocial adversities to forestall the development of depressive symptoms.

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Rumination mediates the relationship between structural variations in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and sensitivity to negative life events

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.053 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 255 ◽

pp. 255-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

L. Qiao ◽

D.T. Wei ◽

W.F. Li ◽

Q.L. Chen ◽

X.W. Che ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Life Events ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Structural Variations ◽

Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽

The Relationship

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The Development of Depressogenic Cognitive Styles: The Role of Negative Childhood Life Events and Parental Inferential Feedback

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/jcop.16.4.487.52530 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 487-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Alisa G. Crossfield ◽

Lauren B. Alloy ◽

Brandon E. Gibb ◽

Lyn Y. Abramson

Keyword(s):

Life Events ◽

Cognitive Vulnerability ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Cognitive Styles ◽

Cognitive Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Main Effects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Risk For Depression

This study examined the role of childhood negative life events and parental inferential feedback in the development of cognitive vulnerability to depression. Students with negative cognitive styles, previously shown to be at high cognitive risk for depression, were predicted to have a greater history of negative childhood life events and negative parental inferential feedback than were students at low cognitive risk for depression. It was further predicted that parental inferential feedback would moderate the relationship between negative childhood life events and cognitive risk for depression. Finally, the associations between subsets of childhood negative life events and cognitive risk for depression were examined. No significant main effects were found for childhood negative life events or parental inferential feedback. The interaction of these 2 variables was significantly associated with cognitive risk status. Specifically, high levels of negative childhood life events in combination with negative maternal inferential feedback were associated with students’ cognitive risk for depression. When the negative childhood life events were divided into subsets, no main effects or interactions were found.

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Association between Negative Life Events on Mental Health and College Student Adjustment: A Mediated Moderating Effect

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/4457222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Liu Cao

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

College Students ◽

College Student ◽

Life Events ◽

Grade Level ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Negative Life Events ◽

Student Adjustment ◽

College Student Adjustment ◽

The Relationship

Objective: To explore the association between negative life events and college student adjustment and to explore the mediating and moderating effects of social support and grade level in the relationship between the two. Methods. The research was conducted with 1717 college students using the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist (ASLEC), China College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Results. (1) Negative life events were significantly negative in correlation with adjustment and social support (r = −0.373, −0.174, Ps < 0.001), while social support was significantly positive in correlation with adjustment (r = 0.359, P < 0.001 ). (2) The main effects of negative life events, social support, and grade on adjustment were significant (effect = −0.190, P < 0.001 , 95% CI [−0.288∼−0.092]; effect = 0.307, P < 0.001 , 95% CI [0.265∼0.348]; effect = 0.163, P < 0.001 , 95% CI [0.126∼0.200]). (3) In the relationship between negative life events and adjustment, social support played a mediating role (effect = −0.054, 95% CI [−0.071∼−0.037]) and grade level played a moderating role (effect = −0.049, P = 0.009 , 95% CI [−0.085∼−0.012]). Conclusion. Negative life events, social support, and grade level affected college student adjustment, and social support networks for college students should be actively constructed and targeted education should be conducted according to different grade levels, which can promote college student adjustment.

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