scholarly journals Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes in Salmonella Isolated from Commercial Poultry Farms

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. Liljebjelke ◽  
Charles L. Hofacre ◽  
David G. White ◽  
Sherry Ayers ◽  
Margie D. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

scholarly journals Antimicrobial drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in commercial poultry value chain in Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Nelson ◽  
Sulochana Manandhar ◽  
Juliana Ruzante ◽  
Arrogya Gywali ◽  
Bimala Dhakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens is a fast-growing public health concern. AMR in non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars (NTS) among food animals is of special concern as this may transmit resistant pathogens to humans during handling or consumption of animal products. In Nepal, the possibility of AMR Salmonella serovars among food animals is an important area of research, particularly in light of the rapidly growing poultry industry, lack of surveillance and proper biosecurity measures; and paucity of relevant data. This study was conducted with the aim to estimate the burden of NTS and associated antimicrobial resistance in the environments of commercial poultry farms and the poultry carcasses in slaughter house. This study also intends to find some basic knowledge of the poultry farmers and their practice relating to the use of antimicrobials, vaccination and biosecurity measures. Methods Taking one health approach, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Chitwan district of Nepal between May and October 2017. Various environmental samples viz. farm litter, feed, water, poultry faeces, vehicle swabs, farm swabs from 12 broiler poultry farms and various sections of poultry carcasses from 21 slaughter houses were aseptically collected. These were microbiologically assessed for the presence of NTS serovars and their phenotypic and genotypic indicators of antimicrobial resistance. The poultry farmers were also briefly interviewed regarding their basic biosecurity related knowledge and practices before collecting the environmental samples. Results Overall, of total environmental samples collected, 50% (31/62) tested positive for NTS serovars with environmental swabs (70%, 8/12) being the most culture positive sample types. Similarly, of 159 tissue samples collected from 24 carcasses, 79% (126/159) were culture positive for NTS serovars. Nearly 97% (153/157) of isolates showed antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline, while 11% (17/157) to ciprofloxacin and 5% (8/157) of isolates were resistant against azithromycin. All 157 isolates were sensitive to meropenem. In terms of AMR genes, tetA (83%, 131/157), QrnS (40%,64/157), mefA (8%, 13/157) and VIM-1 (0.6%, 1/157) were detected in the isolates that corresponded to the AMR to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and meropenem respectively. In farmers interview, only 42% (5/12) of farmers mentioned of using basic biosecurity measures such as applying lime powder around the farm; 84% (10/12) of farmers reported vaccinating their birds with some vaccine and 75% (9/12) of farmers used various antimicrobials prophylactically such as neomycin (33%, 4/12), colistin (33%, 4/12), furaltadone (33%, 4/12), doxycycline (25%, 3/12), sulfatrimethoprim (25%, 3/12) and tylosin (16%, 2/12). Conclusions This study revealed gross contamination of farm environment and subsequent poultry meat samples with NTS serovars that were resistant to several clinically important antimicrobials. Further, inadequacy of even basic biosecurity measures and frequent prophylactic use of antimicrobials in the commercial poultry farms was observed. This reinforces an urgent need to raise awareness and implement proper biosecurity approaches from farms to slaughter houses in order to reduce the burden of NTS contamination of surrounding environment and poultry products. Further, high prevalence AMR among NTS isolates also underscores the need to strengthen the policies to prevent the rampant use of clinically used human antimicrobials in poultry sector.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica in commercial poultry value chain in Chitwan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Nelson ◽  
Sulochana Manandhar ◽  
Juliana Ruzante ◽  
Arrogya Gyawali ◽  
Bimala Dhakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Food Animals ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens is a fast-growing public health concern. AMR in non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars (NTS) among food animals is of special concern as this may transmit resistant pathogens to humans during handling or consumption of animal products. In Nepal, the possibility of AMR Salmonella serovars among food animals is an important area of research, particularly in light of the rapidly growing poultry industry, lack of surveillance and proper biosecurity measures; and paucity of relevant data. This study was conducted with the aim to estimate the burden of NTS and associated antimicrobial resistance in the environments of commercial poultry farms and the poultry carcasses in slaughter house. This study also intends to find some basic knowledge of the poultry farmers and their practice relating to the use of antimicrobials, vaccination and biosecurity measures.. Methods Taking one health approach, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Chitwan district of Nepal between May and October 2017. Various environmental samples viz. farm litter, feed, water, poultry faeces, vehicle swabs, farm swabs from 12 broiler poultry farms and various sections of poultry carcasses from 21 slaughter houses were aseptically collected. These were microbiologically assessed for the presence of NTS serovars and their phenotypic and genotypic indicators of antimicrobial resistance. The poultry farmers were also briefly interviewed regarding basic their basic biosecurity related knowledge and practices before collecting the environmental samples.Results Overall, of total environmental samples collected, 50% (31/62) tested positive for NTS serovars with environmental swabs (70%, 8/12) being the most culture positive sample types. Similarly, of 159 tissue samples collected from 24 carcasses, 79% (126/159) were culture positive for NTS serovars. Nearly 97% (153/157) of isolates showed antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline, while 11% (17/157) to ciprofloxacin and 5% (8/157) of isolates were resistant against azithromycin. All 157 isolates were sensitive to meropenem. In terms of AMR genes, tetA (83%, 131/157), QrnS (40%,64/157), mefA (8%, 13/157) and VIM-1 (0.6%, 1/157) were detected in the isolates that corresponded to the AMR to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and meropenem respectively. In farmers interview, only 42% (5/12) of farmers mentioned of using basic biosecurity measures such as applying lime powder around the farm; 84% (10/12) of farmers reported vaccinating their birds with some vaccine and 75% (9/12) of farmers used various antimicrobials prophylactically such as neomycin (33%, 4/12), colistin (33%, 4/12), furaltadone (33%, 4/12), doxycycline (25%, 3/12), sulfatrimethoprim (25%, 3/12) and tylosin (16%, 2/12).Conclusions This study revealed gross contamination of farm environment and subsequent poultry meat samples with NTS serovars that were resistant to several clinically important antimicrobials. Further, inadequacy of even basic biosecurity measures and frequent prophylactic use of antimicrobials in the commercial poultry farms was observed. This reinforces an urgent need to raise awareness and implement proper biosecurity approaches from farms slaughter houses in order to reduce the burden of NTS contamination of surrounding environment and poultry products. Further, high prevalence AMR among NTS isolates also underscores the need to strengthen the policies to prevent the rampant use of clinically used human antimicrobials in poultry sector.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotic Sensitivity Against Bacterial Diseases Prevalent in Commercial Poultry Farm in Western Part of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Aurangazeb Kabir ◽  
Most. Sabina Yasmin ◽  
Md. Golam Sarwar ◽  
Md. Obaidullah Al Masum ◽  
Soshe Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

A surge in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major concern. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farming, increased consumption of poultry products containing antimicrobial residues is likely to hasten the development of multidrug resistance in pathogens, as well as in commensal organisms. To substantiate our knowledge on the status of AMR to the Neomycin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Sulfonamide, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin, commonly being used in poultry farms in Rajshahi city (Western Part) of Bangladesh a cross sectional study was carried out using conventional Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. We tried to identify sensitivity of the stated antibiotics against bacterial samples obtained from 30 liver samples of live birds out of which 24 were layer and 6 were broiler from 10 commercial poultry farms. In our study, we observed that Cephalexin, Neomycin, Gentamicin and Levofloxacin retain superior antimicrobial potency at the rate of 33.33%, 23.33%, 20%, and 23.33% respectively. Moreover, Levofloxacin started to show quite (70%) to moderate (6.67%) sensitivity and Neomycin (76.67%), Gentamicin (80%) Cephalexin (33.33%) show only quite sensitivity indicating exacerbation of existing antimicrobial resistance through gradually losing their affectivity against microbial infections. On the other hand, during our observation Ciprofloxacin (33.33%), Amoxicillin (20%), Doxycycline (6.67%) and Sulfonamides (3.33%) were found having no sensitivity at all, however, these drugs still being considered as drug of choice for commercial flocks to treat microbial infection. Farmers ‘knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of antibiotics have to be fully compliant in line with manufacturers’ recommendations to reduce risk to public health. This study was, therefore, conducted to collect baseline data on the regularly used antibiotics in poultry production and to provide a greater understanding of the potential impact of antimicrobial resistance on public health.

scholarly journals Salmonella Bacteriophage Diversity According to Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars in Layer and Broiler Poultry Farms from Eastern Spain

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456
Author(s):  
Sandra Sevilla-Navarro ◽  
Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽  
Clara Marin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phage Isolation ◽  
Salmonella Phage

The exploration of novel nonantibiotic interventions in the field, such as the use of bacteriophages, is necessary to avoid the presence of Salmonella. Bacteriophages are a group of viruses widely distributed in nature, strictly associated with the prokaryotic cell. Researchers have demonstrated the success of phage therapy in reducing Salmonella counts in poultry products. However, the impact that phage concentration in the environment may have against certain Salmonella serovars is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess Salmonella phage prevalence in commercial poultry farms in terms of the production type: layers or broilers. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars isolated in poultry production were used for phage isolation. Salmonella specific phages were isolated from 141 layer and broiler farms located in the Valencia region during 2019. Analysis of the samples revealed that 100% presented Salmonella phages, the most prevalent being against serovar S. Enteritidis (93%), followed by S. Virchow (59%), S. Typhimurium (55%), S. Infantis (52%) and S. Ohio (51%). These results indicate that poultry farms could represent an important source of Salmonella phages. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of phages against other serovars present in other countries and their diversity from the point of view of molecular studies.

scholarly journals Association between antimicrobial usage and resistance in Salmonella from poultry farms in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Hassan Jibril ◽  
Iruka N. Okeke ◽  
Anders Dalsgaard ◽  
John Elmerdahl Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Reduction Strategies

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat affecting treatment outcome in animals and humans. A pre-requisite for development of AMR reduction strategies is knowledge of antimicrobial use patterns, and how these affect resistance development. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial usage (AMU) and whether such usage was associated with AMR in Salmonella from poultry farms in Northwest Nigeria. Results Fifteen (37%) of antimicrobial products observed contained compounds that are of highest priority and critically important for human medicine. Broilers chicken consumed higher (28 ± 14 mg/kg active ingredients) amounts of antimicrobials compared to layers (13 ± 8 mg/kg) per week (p = 0.0009). Surprisingly, chickens raised under backyard system consumed higher amounts of antimicrobials (34 ± 7 mg/kg) than poultry in other systems (p = 0.02). High levels of resistance to tetracycline (58%), sulphonamides (65%), ciprofloxacin (46%) and gentamicin (42%) correlated with high farm level usage of these antimicrobials, and there was a strong correlation (r = 0.9) between farm usage and resistance of isolates to the same antimicrobials (p = 0.03). Conclusion High AMU, including use of highest priority critically important antimicrobials was observed at poultry farms in Northwest Nigeria. AMU correlated with high levels of resistance. Communication of prudent use of antimicrobials to farmers and regulation to obtain reduction in AMU should be a priority.

Prevalence of Mycoplasma synoviae and Its Impact on Productivity in Commercial Poultry Farms in Quebec, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bergeron ◽  
Ghislain Hébert ◽  
Martin C. Pelletier ◽  
Hugh Y. Cai ◽  
Marie-Eve Brochu-Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Synoviae ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

scholarly journals Investigation ofClostridium botulinumin commercial poultry farms in France between 2011 and 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Souillard ◽  
C. Woudstra ◽  
C. Le Maréchal ◽  
M. Dia ◽  
M. H. Bayon-Auboyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

scholarly journals THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOWL CHOLERA

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida W. Pritchett ◽  
F. R. Beaudette ◽  
T. P. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Serum Agglutination ◽  
Healthy Carriers

Field studies of fowl cholera on two commercial poultry farms are described. One farm, previously free of cholera, was studied during an active epidemic, which occurred during the winter months. The strains of P. avicida recovered, both from "autopsy" and from "healthy carriers" proved generally similar, and to be of the "fluorescent" or "intermediate" colony type, which is of relatively high virulence. After the subsidence of the epidemic, these strains tended to disappear. The second flock consisted of a small group of birds which had survived an epidemic of cholera the previous year, and in which the infection was prevailing in endemic form. No deaths occurred during the period of observation, but the number of birds with localized lesions and the number of carriers increased to a high level during the winter months. The strains of P. avicida were apparently of the "blue" colony form, although some, as shown by their acid and serum agglutination reactions, resembled the "intermediates." These strains appeared to be spreading rather than dying out. The individual fowls differed in their response to the presence of infection; some showed localized lesions, others were carriers, while still others seemed entirely refractory.

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