scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotic Sensitivity Against Bacterial Diseases Prevalent in Commercial Poultry Farm in Western Part of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Aurangazeb Kabir ◽  
Most. Sabina Yasmin ◽  
Md. Golam Sarwar ◽  
Md. Obaidullah Al Masum ◽  
Soshe Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Commercial Poultry

A surge in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major concern. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farming, increased consumption of poultry products containing antimicrobial residues is likely to hasten the development of multidrug resistance in pathogens, as well as in commensal organisms. To substantiate our knowledge on the status of AMR to the Neomycin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Sulfonamide, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin, commonly being used in poultry farms in Rajshahi city (Western Part) of Bangladesh a cross sectional study was carried out using conventional Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. We tried to identify sensitivity of the stated antibiotics against bacterial samples obtained from 30 liver samples of live birds out of which 24 were layer and 6 were broiler from 10 commercial poultry farms. In our study, we observed that Cephalexin, Neomycin, Gentamicin and Levofloxacin retain superior antimicrobial potency at the rate of 33.33%, 23.33%, 20%, and 23.33% respectively. Moreover, Levofloxacin started to show quite (70%) to moderate (6.67%) sensitivity and Neomycin (76.67%), Gentamicin (80%) Cephalexin (33.33%) show only quite sensitivity indicating exacerbation of existing antimicrobial resistance through gradually losing their affectivity against microbial infections. On the other hand, during our observation Ciprofloxacin (33.33%), Amoxicillin (20%), Doxycycline (6.67%) and Sulfonamides (3.33%) were found having no sensitivity at all, however, these drugs still being considered as drug of choice for commercial flocks to treat microbial infection. Farmers ‘knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of antibiotics have to be fully compliant in line with manufacturers’ recommendations to reduce risk to public health. This study was, therefore, conducted to collect baseline data on the regularly used antibiotics in poultry production and to provide a greater understanding of the potential impact of antimicrobial resistance on public health.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Antimicrobial Usage on Commercial Broiler and Layer Chicken Farms in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Imam ◽  
Justine S. Gibson ◽  
Mohammad Foysal ◽  
Shetu Bhusan Das ◽  
Suman Das Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Commercial poultry production is growing rapidly in Bangladesh to address the increasing demand for poultry meat and eggs. Challenges faced by producers include the occurrence of poultry diseases, which are usually treated or controlled by antimicrobials. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 57 commercial layer and 83 broiler farms in eight subdistricts of the Chattogram district, Bangladesh, to assess antimicrobial usage in relation to clinical signs observed in chicken flocks on these farms. Of the 140 commercial chicken farms, 137 (97.9%) used antimicrobials and 24 different antimicrobial agents were administered. On layer farms, the most commonly used antimicrobials were ciprofloxacin (37.0% of farms, 20/54), amoxicillin (33.3%, 18/54), and tiamulin (31.5%, 17/54), while on broiler farms, colistin (56.6%, 47/83), doxycycline (50.6%, 42/83), and neomycin (38.6%, 32/83) were most commonly administered. Only 15.3% (21/137) of farmers used antimicrobials exclusively for therapeutic purposes, while 84.7% (116/137) of farmers used them prophylactically, administering them either for prophylactic purposes only (22.6% of farmers, 31/137) or in combination with therapeutic purposes (62.1% of farmers, 85/137). About 83.3% (45/54) of layer farmers were selling eggs while antimicrobials were being administered compared to 36.1% (30/83) of the broiler farmers selling broiler chickens while administering antimicrobials. Overall, 75.2% (103/137) of farmers reported clinical signs for which they administered antimicrobials, while 24.8% (34/137) of farmers reported no clinical signs but still administered antimicrobials. Respiratory signs (71.8% of farms with clinical signs, 74/103) were most commonly reported, followed by enteric signs (32.0%, 33/103) and increased mortality (16.5%, 17/103). About 37.2% (51/137) of farmers bought antimicrobials exclusively from feed and chick traders, followed by veterinary medical stores (35.0%, 48/137). Purchasing antimicrobials from feed and chick traders was more common among broiler than layer farmers. It is recommended that commercial poultry farmers should keep records of antimicrobials used with dosage and duration of administration along with indication of use. This would allow farmers and veterinarians to review if antimicrobial usage had the desired effects and to evaluate the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents under an antimicrobial stewardship approach.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use in Poultry Production in Grenada

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindonne Glasgow ◽  
Martin Forde ◽  
Darren Brow ◽  
Catherine Mahoney ◽  
Stephanie Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level

Objective. Research is often lacking in low-income countries to substantiate the regulation of antibiotics in poultry production. Nonregulation of antibiotics in food animal industries has implications for human health. This study was conducted to provide an understanding of farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of antibiotics in poultry production in Grenada. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted in August-September, 2016, surveying 30 poultry farmers each having 500 or more chickens grown for commercial purposes. Results. More than 1000 birds were kept on 18 (60.0%) farms. Antibiotics were used on the majority of farms (25, 83.3%). More than half of the respondents, 19 (63.3%), stated they were only somewhat aware of issues related to the use of antibiotics and the majority, 21 (70.0%), were also unable to define antimicrobial resistance. There was inconsistency in the farmers’ knowledge about how and when to use antibiotics. There was also a high level of noncompliance with manufacturers’ recommendations for use of antibiotics. The respondents were not aware of local programs to monitor antibiotic use or manage antibiotic resistance in the poultry industry. Conclusion. Generally, the farmers’ knowledge and practices were inconsistent with recommendations by the World Health Organization for antibiotic stewardship. While low-income countries, such as Grenada, are challenged with the lack of resources to undertake research and implement responsive actions, this research highlights the need for some immediate measures of remedy, such as education of farmers and monitoring procurement and use of antibiotics, to reduce risk to public health.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Health Personnel in Responding to the COVID-19 Outbreak in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Suryani ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno ◽  
Maretalinia Maretalinia ◽  
Elvi Juliansyah ◽  
Vernonia Yora Saki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

The COVID-19 outbreak, which originated in China, has spread to all countries worldwide, including Indonesia. Until July 2021, the growth rate has been gradually increasing, and cases have been found in all 34 provinces of Indonesia. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of health personnel in public health centers towards the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia using online self-report questionnaires. A total of 440 respondents contributed to this online survey. The level of average KAP were 7.7 out of 10.0, 14.3 out of 15.0, and 31.9 out of 36.0, respectively. There was no significant association between respondents’ characteristics (sex, marital status, and age) and their KAP, which showed p > 0.05 for all variables. It can be concluded that the level of KAP was good even though the respondents’ characteristics had no association with KAP. 

scholarly journals Awareness, behavior and attitudes concerning sun exposure among beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo ◽  
Sara J. Burgos-Muñoz ◽  
Luz M. Vargas-Tineo ◽  
Jhosuny Perez-Fernandez ◽  
Otto W. Vargas-Tineo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor

Background Skin cancer incidence has increased over the last years, becoming a major public health problem. Objective To describe the awareness, behavior and attitudes concerning sun exposure among beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Pimentel beach, Peru. The “Beach Questionnaire” was used and we surveyed all the beachgoers from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. and from March 5 to March 19. For the statistical analysis, sun exposure habits, sunburns history, knowledge, attitudes and practices were crossed with sex using the chi2 test. Results We surveyed 410 beachgoers, the most frequent phototype was type III (40.5%). Only the 13.66% of the respondents correctly answered the seven knowledge questions related to sun exposure and skin cancer. Men more frequently agreed that “when they are tanned their clothes looks nicer” (p = 0.048). Likewise, regarding the questions “Sunbathing is relaxing” and “Sunbathing improves my mood”, men agreed or totally agreed with more frequency than women (63.64% vs. 46.15%, p < 0.001; and 61.36% vs 49.15%, p = 0.014, respectively). Regarding sun protection practices, women more frequently used sunshade (p = 0.001) and sunscreen (SPF ≥ 15) (p < 0.001) when compared to the male group. Conclusion Sun exposure is a potentially preventable risk factor for skin cancer. Thus, awareness of the risks of UVR overexposure and adequate sun-protective behaviors and attitudes are essential. Our results, however, are not as favorable as expected. Public health efforts should encourage sun-safety precautions and intervention campaigns should be carried out in recreational settings, such as the beaches.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance ofSalmonellaIsolated from Animal-Origin Food Items in Gondar, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mebrat Ejo ◽  
Legesse Garedew ◽  
Zabishwork Alebachew ◽  
Walelgn Worku
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Animal Origin Food ◽  
Minced Meat

Salmonellahas been found to be the major cause of foodborne diseases and a serious public health problem in the world, with an increasing concern for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant strains. A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 2014 and December 2015 on food items of animal origin to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles ofSalmonellaisolates using standard bacteriological methods. The overall prevalence rate of 5.5% was recorded from the total analyzed food items of animal origin.Salmonellaisolates were detected from 12% of raw meat, 8% of minced meat, 2.9% of burger samples, 18% of raw eggs, and 6% of raw milk. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility test identified 47.6% resistantSalmonellaisolates, 28.6% intermediately sensitive isolates, and 23.8% susceptible isolates. AmongSalmonellaisolates tested, 42.6%, 28.6%, and 14.3% were found to be relatively resistant to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and ampicillin, respectively, while 9.5%–19% were intermediately resistant to tetracycline, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, and nitrofurantoin. Therefore, our findings provide the prevalence and drug resistance ofSalmonellafrom foods of animal origin and contribute information to scientists as well as public health researchers to minimize the prevalent and resistant foodborneSalmonellaspecies in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Commercial Poultry Farmers in Bangladesh

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan ◽  
Md. Abul Kalam ◽  
Md. Abdul Alim ◽  
Shahanaj Shano ◽  
Md. Raihan Khan Nayem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Poultry Farmers ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Older Farmers

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an emerging health issue globally, posing a threat to zoonotic pathogens and foodborne diseases. In Bangladesh, the poultry sector supplies the majority of the demand for animal-source protein. The irrational and excessive use of antimicrobials (AMU) has been observed in the poultry sector. The development of AMR is associated with many factors, including the knowledge and attitudes of poultry farmers. Therefore, AMR reduction requires intervention from all the stockholders, including the farmers who are considered as end users of antimicrobials. This current research conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of poultry farmers on AMU and AMR in Bangladesh. We determined the KAP of poultry farmers (broiler and layer farmers) of some selected districts of the country using a tested and paper-based questionnaire. The results demonstrated that most of the respondents have insufficient KAP regarding AMU and AMR. The respondents used a variety of antimicrobials primarily in the treatment of various diseases in poultry. One-third of the farmers did not seek antimicrobials from registered vets. Instead, they depended on others or themselves. The factor score analysis further revealed that the farmers’ demographic and socioeconomic variables were significant factors influencing the KAP. An adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that older farmers with 9–12 years of farming experience and graduate-level education, engaging in medium-sized layer farming, were more likely to have correct KAP on AMU and AMR. Further, farmers from the Cox’s Bazar region showed correct knowledge, whereas farmers of the Chattogram region showed a correct attitude towards AMU and AMR. A Spearman’s rank-order correlation revealed a positive association between knowledge–attitudes and knowledge–practices. The findings of the current investigation provide baseline evidence about the KAP of poultry farmers from low-income resources and offer insights into designing interventions and policies for the use of AMU and AMR in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals La investigación participativa en niños como herramienta en la promoción de la salud para la prevención de la Enfermedad de Chagas en Yucatán, México

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Gabriel Polanco-Rodríguez ◽  
Hugo A. Ruiz-Piña ◽  
Fernando I. Puerto-Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Participatory Research ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
New Knowledge

Introducción: La Investigación Participativa (IP) es una herramienta que puede abordarse para el análisis de procesos socioculturales, medioambientales, y de salud pública. La participación de niños en edad escolar en la apropiación del conocimiento para la prevención de la Enfermedad de Chagas (EC) puede romper su ciclo de transmisión. La EC es un problema de salud pública que afecta principalmente a comunidades rurales endémicas de países en desarrollo. Objetivo: Desarrollar una estrategia para la adquisición y transferencia de nuevos conocimientos en niños, debido en la falta de información acerca del ciclo de transmisión de la Enfermedad de Chagas. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional de corte transversal, realizado con un grupo de 48 niños de una comunidad en pobreza extrema en Yucatán, México. Mediante herramientas de IP y con el apoyo de padres de familia, autoridades ejidales y escolares, se impartieron talleres educativos a niños en la escuela de educación básica para conocer el ciclo de transmisión, y prevenir la EC debido a la abundancia del vector en el área de estudio. Se implementó un programa denominado “Pequeños Investigadores”, para iniciar procesos de apropiación y socialización del conocimiento en la comunidad. Resultados: El nuevo conocimiento adquirido por el grupo de niños fue aprovechado y diseminado a sus familias, compañeros de escuela, y círculos sociales, fomentando la prevención de la enfermedad. Fueron recolectados 182 triatomas a nivel domiciliar y peri domiciliar. Conclusiones: Los nuevos conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas adquiridos por los niños bajo esquemas de participación, resulta benéfico para la prevención de la EC. Se recomienda al sector oficial la participación en la promoción de la salud en niños bajo el esquema del presente estudio en países en desarrollo. Keywords: Enfermedad de Chagas, niños, promoción de la salud, investigación participativa ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Participatory Research (PR) is a tool that can be approached for the analysis of sociocultural, environmental, and public health processes. The participation of school-age childrens in the appropriation of knowledge for the prevention of Chagas' Disease (CD) can break the cycle of transmission. CD is a public health problem that mainly affects rural endemic communities of developing countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a group of 48 childrens from a community in extreme poverty in Yucatan, Mexico. Through PR tools and with the support of parents, ejidal and school authorities, educational workshops were given to children of the basic education to know the cycle of transmission, and to prevent CD due to the abundance of the vector in the study area. A program called "Small Investigators" was implemented to initiate processes of appropriation and socialization of knowledge in the community. RESULTS: The new knowledge acquired by the group of children was used and disseminated to their families, partners, and social circles, promoting the prevention of the disease. 182 triatomas were collected at home and peri domicile. CONCLUSIONS: The new knowledge, attitudes and practices acquired by children under participation schemes is beneficial for the prevention of the Chagas Disease. The official sector is recommended to design the promotion health programs in children under the scheme of the present study in developing countries. Keywords: Chagas Disease, childs, promotion health, participatory research

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Public Health Implications of Avian Tuberculosis in Selected Districts of the Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Debelu ◽  
Fufa Abunna ◽  
Gezahegne Mamo Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Questionnaire Result ◽  
Preliminary Study

Background. Avian tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease which remains a problem in extensive poultry production systems under which chickens scavenge for survival in unhygienic environments. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to June 2017 at high-land areas of Gerar Jarso and Ada’a and Boset districts located at mid and low altitudes of Oromia, Ethiopia, respectively, to assess the perception of farmers on the occurrence of avian tuberculosis in chickens and its public health implications using a semistructured questionnaire. Result. The study evidenced poor awareness of the farmers, as only 11% (10/91) of them had well-perceived occurrence of the disease in chickens and its risk of zoonosis. Conclusion. Hence, it revealed that there is poor public perception on the occurrence as well as public health implications of avian tuberculosis, demanding further studies for verification and technical interventions.

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