Increased Weekly Mean PM2.5, and NO2 Are Associated With Increased Proportions of Lower Airway Granulocytes in Ontario Horses

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically affected hospital and operating room (OR) workflow around the world as well as trainee education. Many institutions have instituted mandatory preoperative SARS-CoV-2 PCR nasopharyngeal swab (NS) testing in patients who are low risk for COVID-19 prior to elective cases. This method, however, is challenging as the sensitivity, specificity, and overall reliability of testing remains unclear. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the concordance of a negative NS in low risk preoperative patients with lower airway bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens obtained from the same patients. Methods: We prospectively sent intraoperative lower airway BAL samples collected within 48 h of a negative mandatory preoperative NS for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. All adult patients undergoing a scheduled bronchoscopic procedure for any reason were enrolled, including elective and nonelective cases. Results: One-hundred eighty-nine patients were included. All BAL specimens were negative for SARS-CoV-2 indicative of 100% concordance between testing modalities. Conclusions: These results are promising and suggest that preoperative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 testing provides adequate screening to rule out active COVID-19 infection prior to OR cases in a population characterized as low risk by negative symptom screening. This information can be used for both pre-procedural screening and when reintroducing trainees into the workforce.

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Asthma in elderly is characterized by increased sputum neutrophils, lower airway caliber variability and air trapping

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/s12931-021-01619-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

F. Schleich ◽

S. Graff ◽

F. Guissard ◽

M. Henket ◽

V. Paulus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Lower Airway ◽

Low Grade ◽

Sputum Induction ◽

Air Trapping ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Airway Caliber ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Acting

Abstract Background Elderly asthmatics represent an important group that is often excluded from clinical studies. In this study we wanted to present characteristics of asthmatics older than 70 years old as compared to younger patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on a series of 758 asthmatics subdivided in three groups: lower than 40, between 40 and 70 and older than 70. All the patients who had a successful sputum induction were included in the study. Results Older patients had a higher Body Mass Index, had less active smokers and were more often treated with Long Acting anti-Muscarinic Agents. We found a significant increase in sputum neutrophil counts with ageing. There was no significant difference in blood inflammatory cell counts whatever the age group. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC values were significantly lower in elderly who had lower bronchial hyperresponsiveness and signs of air trapping. We found a lower occurrence of the allergic component in advanced ages. Asthmatics older than 70 years old had later onset of the disease and a significant longer disease duration. Conclusion Our study highlights that asthmatics older than 70 years old have higher bronchial neutrophilic inflammation, a poorer lung function, signs of air trapping and lower airway variability. The role of immunosenescence inducing chronic low-grade inflammation in this asthma subtype remains to be elucidated.

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Specific airway management for SVC replacement during giant anterior mediastinal tumor resection

JA Clinical Reports ◽

10.1186/s40981-020-00377-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Izumi Kawagoe ◽

Daizoh Satoh ◽

Chieko Mitaka ◽

Masataka Fukuda ◽

Tsukasa Kochiyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediastinal Tumor ◽

Main Bronchus ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Tumor Resection ◽

Left Lung ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Double Lumen Tube ◽

Lower Airway ◽

Tumor Spread ◽

Anterior Mediastinal Tumor

Abstract Background Giant anterior mediastinal tumor (GAMT) resection is a challenging procedure, for which anesthesiologist might take to need special precautions. Case presentation A 48-year-old male patient had been scheduled to undergo GAMT resection and superior vena cava (SVC) replacement. The tumor spread surrounding SVC and left main bronchus (LMB), resulting in small volume of his left lung. A soft left-sided double lumen tube (DLT) was selected to keep the patency of LMB during left one lung ventilation (OLV) against the tumor weight. Semi-awake intubation with spontaneous breathing was selected for DLT insertion to avoid lower airway occlusion. During left OLV after right open thoracotomy, his SPO2 decreased below to 90%. We performed selective right upper lobe bronchial blockade using the combination of DLT and bronchial blocker. The surgery was successfully completed with this strategy. Conclusions Although such cases are rare, they are informative for anesthesiologists, providing optional strategies.

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Lower airway microbiota in patients with clinically suspected Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07283 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e07283

Author(s):

Kotaro Iwasaki ◽

Yasuo Matsuzawa ◽

Hiroki Wakabayashi ◽

Moe Shioya ◽

Sho Hayakawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Disease ◽

Mycobacterium Avium ◽

Mycobacterium Avium Complex ◽

Lower Airway

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Changes in Upper and Lower Airway Inflammation Following Administration of Mometasone Furoate in Allergen-Challenged Brown Norway Rats

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.764 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. S205-S205

Author(s):

J ANTHES ◽

R MCLEOD ◽

R CHAPMAN ◽

Y JIA ◽

J PHILLIPS

Keyword(s):

Airway Inflammation ◽

Mometasone Furoate ◽

Brown Norway ◽

Lower Airway ◽

Norway Rats

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Occupational exposure to water-based paints and self-reported asthma, lower airway symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and lung function

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health ◽

10.1007/bf00454365 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 261-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

G. Wieslander ◽

C. Janson ◽

D. Norb�ck ◽

E. Bj�rnsson ◽

G. St�lenheim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Exposure ◽

Lung Function ◽

Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽

Lower Airway ◽

Airway Symptoms ◽

Water Based

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The lower airway microbiota in early cystic fibrosis lung disease: a longitudinal analysis

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209279 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

pp. 1104-1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Katherine B Frayman ◽

David S Armstrong ◽

Rosemary Carzino ◽

Thomas W Ferkol ◽

Keith Grimwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Longitudinal Analysis ◽

Cystic Fibrosis Lung ◽

Lower Airway ◽

Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease

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Exploring protocol bias in airway microbiome studies: one versus two PCR steps and 16S rRNA gene region V3 V4 versus V4

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-020-07252-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christine Drengenes ◽

Tomas M. L. Eagan ◽

Ingvild Haaland ◽

Harald G. Wiker ◽

Rune Nielsen

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Gene Region ◽

Lower Airway ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Wide Range ◽

Airway Microbiome ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Studies on the airway microbiome have been performed using a wide range of laboratory protocols for high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene. We sought to determine the impact of number of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) steps (1- or 2- steps) and choice of target marker gene region (V3 V4 and V4) on the presentation of the upper and lower airway microbiome. Our analyses included lllumina MiSeq sequencing following three setups: Setup 1 (2-step PCR; V3 V4 region), Setup 2 (2-step PCR; V4 region), Setup 3 (1-step PCR; V4 region). Samples included oral wash, protected specimen brushes and protected bronchoalveolar lavage (healthy and obstructive lung disease), and negative controls. Results The number of sequences and amplicon sequence variants (ASV) decreased in order setup1 > setup2 > setup3. This trend appeared to be associated with an increased taxonomic resolution when sequencing the V3 V4 region (setup 1) and an increased number of small ASVs in setups 1 and 2. The latter was considered a result of contamination in the two-step PCR protocols as well as sequencing across multiple runs (setup 1). Although genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Veillonella and Rothia dominated, differences in relative abundance were observed across all setups. Analyses of beta-diversity revealed that while oral wash samples (high biomass) clustered together regardless of number of PCR steps, samples from the lungs (low biomass) separated. The removal of contaminants identified using the Decontam package in R, did not resolve differences in results between sequencing setups. Conclusions Differences in number of PCR steps will have an impact of final bacterial community descriptions, and more so for samples of low bacterial load. Our findings could not be explained by differences in contamination levels alone, and more research is needed to understand how variations in PCR-setups and reagents may be contributing to the observed protocol bias.

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